Potato disease risks and management strategies in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a vital food security crop in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), yet its productivity is significantly hindered by plant diseases and inadequate plant health systems. Despite increased potato production in regions such as Kenya, Ethiopia, and Malawi, diseases like late blight, bacterial wilt, viral complexes, and soft rot lead to substantial yield losses, jeopardizing sustainability. This study synthesises disease risks and management strategies using a systematic review and quantitative analysis framework. A systematic literature review compiled empirical data on disease prevalence and management across SSA, integrating country-level production statistics with a vulnerability index to evaluate production scale and disease risk connections. A disease risk assessment matrix prioritised pathogen based on prevalence and economic impact, identifying late blight and bacterial wilt as critical threats. The meta-analysis showed that disease management interventions could enhance yields by an average of 28 % and reduce disease incidence by approximately 42 %. Cost-effectiveness analysis highlighted certified seed systems, resistant varieties, and chemical controls as the most effective management strategies, although economic and institutional barriers limit adoption. Additionally, a sustainability gap was noted, with highly sustainable technologies experiencing low adoption compared to conventional methods. The findings underscore the necessity of strengthening plant health systems, enhancing seed system capacity, and promoting integrated disease management methods to boost potato productivity in SSA. A strategic roadmap is proposed, focusing on implementing certified seed systems, disease surveillance networks, farmer training, and climate-smart agricultural practices. Strengthening these areas is crucial for improving resilience and ensuring sustainable potato production, thereby enhancing the crop’s role in food security in sub-Saharan Africa.