2024-03-28T17:20:31Z
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/oai
oai:jarts.info:article/5160
2024-03-12T13:31:15Z
jarts:ART
Cost and return analysis of organic and conventional farming systems in the Ganga River Basin, India
Singh, Sukhpal
Priya, Priya
Sajwan, Komal
Agricultural economics
Sustainability, Profitability, System analysis
Conventional farming (CF) has significantly increased the aggregate supply of food grains and ensured food security for the growing population in India. However, it proved environmentally unsustainable due to its higher reliance on chemical inputs. Organic farming (OF) becomes an alternative approach that ensures the sustainability of the agricultural system. But, the transition from CF to OF can be a lengthy process, and farmers may experience income loss during its course. Farmers will switch only when they are convinced that the long-term benefits of OF are higher than those of CF. Therefore, a study on cost and return analysis can help policymakers take appropriate measures to promote the adoption of OF. The current study aims to examine the costs, returns, and profitability for three crops (sugarcane, wheat, and paddy) under OF and CF, using data collected through a primary survey of 600 farmers (300 organics and 300 conventional) for the crop year 2020-21 in two districts of the Ganga River Basin. The study finds OF less profitable than CF for all three crops. Further, the results of crop-wise economics of OF and CF show that sugarcane is the most profitable crop and paddy is the least remunerative crop among all the three crops in the study area under both farming systems. The findings suggest that the policy focus must be on raising productivity through reorientating R D and extension services, establishing strong marketing networks, and institutionalizing the system of payments for ecosystem services for organic farmers.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2024-02-26
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202402239637
10.17170/kobra-202402239637
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 125, No 1 (2024); 21-31
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202402239637/1106
Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/143
2013-04-16T21:32:54Z
jarts:ART
Identifying the component structure of job satisfaction by principal components analysis among extension officers in North West Province, South Africa
Oladele, Oladimeji Idowu
Mabe, Lenah Karabo
Agricultural extension; Agricultural economics
job satisfaction; job performance; motivation; extension officers; South Africa
The component structure of a 34-item scale measuring different aspects of job satisfaction was investigated among extension officers in North West Province, South Africa. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 40 extension officers from which data were collected. A structured questionnaire consisting of 34 job satisfaction and 10 personal characteristic items was administered to the extension officers. Items on job satisfaction were measured at interval level and analyzedwith Principal ComponentAnalysis. Most of the respondents (82.5%) weremales, between 40 to 45 years, 85% were married and 87.5% had a diploma as their educational qualification. Furthermore, 54% of the households size between 4 to 6 persons, whereas 75% were Christians. The majority of the extension officers lived in their job area (82.5), while 80% covered at least 3 communities and 3 farmer groups. In terms of number of farmers covered, only 40% of the extension officers covered more than 500 farmers and 45% travelled more than 40 km to reach their farmers. From the job satisfaction items 9 components were extracted to show areas for job satisfaction among extension officers. These were in-service training, research policies, communicating recommended practices, financial support for self and family, quality of technical help, opportunity to advance education, management and control of operations, rewarding system and sanctions. The results have several implications for motivating extension officers for high job performance especially with large number of clients and small number of extension agents.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2011-10-06
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/x-pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2011052437556
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2011052437556
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 111, No 2 (2010); 111-117
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2011052437556/126
oai:jarts.info:article/104
2016-04-06T10:35:40Z
jarts:ART
Gender and Rural Poverty in Myanmar: A Micro Level Study in the Dry Zone
Kyaw, Dolly
Routray, Jayant K.
Development; Socio-Economics
rural poverty; livelihoods; male and female-headed households; dry zone; Myanmar
The study investigates the poverty incidence, access to resources, and the factors influencing income of both male and female-headed households in the dry zone of Myanmar. A household survey was conducted in six villages with a sample of 220 households in 2003. The Cost of Basic Needs (CBN) method was applied in constructing the absolute poverty line. By applying the absolute poverty line of 252 Kyats per person per day, the female-headed households are more likely to be poor than the male-headed households with or without household size adjustment. Results of the regression analysis revealed that average per capita income of rural households is significantly influenced by 8 independent variables. They are: gender of household head, household size, land holding size, degraded land size, cattle heads, labour force, sources of income, and irrigation water. Moreover, the separate regression analyses were run for male and female-headed households. In addition to the some common significant variables (land, labour, cattle, degraded land, and household size), female-headed households’ income is significantly influenced by training attendance and schooling years of household head. In male-headed households, age of household head, number of income sources and irrigation water are highly linked with the average per capita income. The gender focus rural development strategies should be adopted for promoting the welfare status of both male and femaleheaded households in the dry zone.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2006-11-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/104
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 107, No 2 (2006); 103-114
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/104/95
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/downloadSuppFile/104/9
oai:jarts.info:article/5134
2023-11-02T13:28:12Z
jarts:ART
Plantain mycorrhization with native consortium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) induce solubilisation of metals (Fe2+ and Al3+) in soil from Azaguié (south-east of Côte d’Ivoire)
Bolou-Bi, Emile B.
N'Guetta, Antoine Koua
Gnimassoun, Edwige-Gwladys K.
Ettien, Jean Baptiste D.
Agronomy; Soil Science; Agroecology
Musa AAB, Ferralsol, Native fungi, Metal leaching
New agroecological practices propose to manage soil fertility using soil microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). However, few studies have been conducted on the impact of plantain mycorrhization and metal (Fe2+ and Al3+) solubilisation in soil. This study evaluates the effectiveness of native AMF on plantain growth and metal leaching from soil. Trap plants (maize, sorghum and cowpea) were grown to produce various inoculums. Then, plantains were grown under controlled conditions, with six treatments (control, plantain without inoculum, plantain with maize root inoculum, vigna root inoculum, sorghum root inoculum and mixed root inoculum) replicated five times. Growth parameters were measured, and the rate of plantain root colonization was evaluated by determining the frequency or intensity of infection. The contents of metals in leached solutions were analyzed using ICP-OES. Results indicated the rate of plantain roots colonization by fungi was not significantly different between the different treatments. Plantain biomass remained very low whatever the treatment. However, plant inoculated with vigna roots inoculum had the highest biomass while plant inoculated with sorghum root inoculum showed the lowest biomass. Leached solutions from soils with inoculated plants had on average a pH value of one pH unit lower than leached solutions from soils without inoculum. In addition, plantain mycorrhization can promote the leaching of Fe2+ from the soil by acidification, whereas the difference between treatments was not significant for the concentration of Al3+ in solutions. These results suggest that the association of plantain with microorganisms remains a way for agroecological banana production in Côte d’Ivoire.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2023-04-28
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202302217528
10.17170/kobra-202302217528
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 124, No 1 (2023); 47-56
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202302217528/1087
Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/3631
2020-07-08T15:19:55Z
jarts:ART
Adoption and utilisation of Zai pits for improved farm productivity in drier upper Eastern Kenya
Kimaru-Muchai, Serah Wairimu
Ngetich, Felix K.
Baaru, Mary
Mucheru-Muna, Monicah Wanjiku
Agricultural extension
Erratic rainfall, Non-government extension agents, Socio-economic, Water harvesting
Inadequate and poorly distributed rainfall and declining soil fertility have led to low crop productivity in most smallholder farms in sub-Saharan Africa. As a result, there has been a renewed quest for sustainable and resource-use efficient agricultural production practices. Zai pit technology is a practice that has the potential to alleviate water stress and enhance soil fertility. We assessed the factors that influence farmers' adoption and utilisation of Zai pits in Tharaka-Nithi County in upper Eastern Kenya. We interviewed 291 farm household heads. Descriptive statistical analysis and a logistic regression model were applied to evaluate socio-economic factors that affect the adoption of Zai pits by farmers. Binary logistic regression estimation revealed that the number of non-formal training, beneficiaries of nongovernmental organisations, wealth status and membership of a social group play an essential role in the adoption of Zai pits. Based on the findings, we recommend that farm characteristics and socio-economic characteristics of farmers should be considered in the promotion of Zai pits as a water harvesting technology. The results of the study will be useful to extension service providers in planning, designing and evaluating effective and efficient agricultural policies, programs and projects at local, regional and national scales in the dissemination of Zai pit technology among smallholder farmers in the semi-arid tropics.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
The National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation (NACOSTI/RCD/ST&I 5th Call
Phillip Muthiani)
2020-03-06
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202002281030
10.17170/kobra-202002281030
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 121, No 1 (2020); 13-22
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202002281030/990
Copyright (c) 2020 Authors
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/2152
2018-06-20T09:04:39Z
jarts:ART
Exploring the potential of cassava in promoting agricultural growth in Nigeria
Rahman, Sanzidur
Awerije, Brodrick O.
Agricultural Economics
cassava sector, constraints on cassava, Nigeria, sources of growth decomposition, trend analysis, Nigeria
Cassava is one of the major food crops in Nigeria, with multiple uses from human consumption to industrial applications. This study explores the potential of cassava in Nigerian agriculture based on a review of cassava development policies; performs a trend analysis of the cultivation area, production, productivity, and real price of cassava and other competing crops for the period 1961–2013; identifies the sources of growth in production; and examines the production constraints at the local level based on a survey of 315 farmers/processors and 105 marketers from Delta State. The results revealed that several policies and programmes were implemented to develop the cassava sector with mixed outcomes. Although cassava productivity grew at 1.5% per annum (p.a.) during the post-structural adjustment programme period (1993–2013), its real price declined at a rate of 3.5% p.a. The effect of yield is the main source of growth in production, contributing 76.4% of the total growth followed by the area effect (28.2%). The cassava sector is constrained by inadequate market infrastructure, processing facilities, and lack of information and unstable prices at the local level. The widespread diffusion of improved tropical manioc selection technologies and investments in market and marketing infrastructure, processing technologies, irrigation/water provision and information dissemination are recommended to enhance the potential of the cassava sector to support agricultural growth in Nigeria.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2016-05-27
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016050350174
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2016050350174
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 117, No 1 (2016); 149-163
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016050350174/874
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/69
2016-04-06T08:38:17Z
jarts:ART
Traits for Screening and Selection of Cowpea Genotypes for Drought Tolerance at Early Stages of Breeding
Kumar, Ashok
Sharma, K. D.
Kumar, D.
Agronomy and Crop Science; Plant Science
cowpea; drought; pod setting; relative water content; screening trait; Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.
The association of leaf water content with yield-attributes such as pod setting and number of pods/plant and seed yield in cowpea was examined using midday drop of leaf relative water content (RWC) determined from morning (800 h) and midday (1330 h) measurements of RWC. Midday drop of RWC was significantly correlated to pod setting ratio (R2 = 0.80, P 0.01), number of pods/plant (R2 = 0.87, P 0.01) and seed yield (R2 = 0.37, P 0.05). There was a significant genotypic variation for leaf water potential (LWP) at 800 and 1330 h and for RWC at 1330 h. Significant genotypic differences were also observed in pod setting ratio, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, 1000-seed weight, biomass and seed yield. Pod setting ratio was significantly and positively correlated with number of pods/plant (R2 = 0.80, P 0.01) and seed yield (R2 = 0.38, P 0.05). These results showed that the genotypes with a smaller reduction in midday drop of RWC produced a larger number of pods/plant and consequently had higher seed yield as compared with a larger midday drop of RWC. The results also showed that there was a large genotypic variation in the midday drop of RWC, which was correlated with yield-attributes and seed yield. It may therefore be possible to use midday drop of RWC as a screening and selection trait for drought tolerance of cowpea genotypes.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2008-11-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/69
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 109, No 2 (2008); 191-199
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/69/63
oai:jarts.info:article/4729
2021-12-31T15:56:33Z
jarts:ART
Analysis of the nutritional and productive behaviour of dairy cows under three rotation bands of pastures, Pichincha, Ecuador
Muñoz, Eloy Castro
Herinaina Andriamandroso, Andriamasinoro Lalaina
Beckers, Yves
Ron, Lenin
Montufar, Carlos
da Silva Neto, Gentil F.
Borja, Juan
Lebeau, Frédéric
Bindelle, Jérôme
Agronomy and Crop Science
Grazing time, Milk production, Pasture rotation, Pennisetum clandestinum, Occupation time
This research was carried out on Pennisetum clandestinum-based pastures to identify the effect of three (3) types of stocking methods with similar forage allowance (8.2 kg of dry matter for 100 kg of live weight) but differing by the occupation times of the rotations (3 h, 24 h, and continuous) on the behaviour and the production of dairy cows. The experimental scheme consisted in three herds of four Holstein Friesian cows grazing three paddocks, one per rotationtype, for one week and replicated three times in a cross-over design. Pasture height and biomass were measured before and after each grazing week and on a daily basis, two cows per herd were monitored during daytime with activity sensors and their milk production was recorded. The main results showed that in all treatments the cows reduced the height of the sward by 40% on average. The cows in the continuous treatment spent more time in meals and tended to have higher average speed during the day than in the 3-h rotation ascribed to a higher exploration of the whole gradable area every day in the continuous treatment and to more time idling animals in the 3-h treatment in anticipation of the opening of new areas to graze over the course of day. Despite those difference in activity, milk production did not differ neither in quantity with an average of 12.4 0.14 kg per day, nor in quality (i.e., fat, protein, non-fatty solids, total solids). We conclude that under our grazing conditions with an intermediate forage allowance and low producing cows, applying a labour intensive stocking method requiring to open new areas every 3 hours does not lead to a significant production increase.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
Académie de Recherche et d'Enseignement Supérieur – Cellule de Coopération au Développement (ARES-CCD, Brussels, Belgium)
2021-12-08
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202112035148
10.17170/kobra-202112035148
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 122, No 2 (2021); 289-298
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202112035148/1051
Copyright (c) 2021 Author(s)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/3175
2018-07-03T09:02:42Z
jarts:ART
Dietary protein and energy requirements of Venda village chickens
Raphulu, Thomas
Jansen van Rensburg, Christine
animal nutrition, husbandry
starter phase, grower phase, weight gain, feed conversion ratio
The objective of this study was to determine the dietary protein and apparent metabolisable energy (AME) requirements of local chickens. Freshly laid eggs of scavenging chickens collected in rural villages were hatched and randomly distributed to 27 floor pens, 10 chicks per pen. Chicks were fed 9 experimental diets that were combinations of three CP levels (140, 170 and 190 g kg−1 DM) and three AME levels (11.0, 11.7 and 12 MJ kg−1) during the starter phase (0–6 weeks) and combinations of three CP levels (120, 150 and 180 g kg−1 DM) and three ME levels (11.3, 12.0 and 12.4 MJ kg−1) during the grower phase (7–17) weeks. Significant differences within means on CP × AME interaction effect were observed in all parameters measured, except feed intake during starter period and dressing percentage (%) and breast yield of 17 weeks old chickens. The results of the present study indicated that during the starter and grower phases, unsexed chickens would require dietary combinations of 170 g CP kg−1 and 11.0 AME MJ kg−1 and 150 g CP kg−1 and 12 AME MJ kg−1 in their diets to optimise weight gain and FCR, and 150 g CP kg−1 and 11.3 MJ kg−1 to optimise ash content of muscles, protein content of the breast and fat content of the leg muscle. Supplementation of 27 g CP kg−1 feed to grower scavenging chickens would be enough to improve chicken production in the rural villages.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
National Research Foundation
2018-06-27
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2018040955192
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2018040955192
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 119, No 1 (2018); 95-104
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2018040955192/941
Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/1919
2018-06-20T09:09:57Z
jarts:ART
Utilisation of Giant African snail (Achatina fulica) meal as protein source by laying hens
Diarra, Siaka Seriba
Kant, Rashmi
Tanhimana, Jemarlyn
Lela, Patrick
Animal Husbandry; Animal Nutrition
protein sources; feed cost; snail meal; egg production
A 12-week experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of substituting Giant African snail meal for fish meal in laying hens diet. Four diets were formulated to contain snail meal as replacement for fish meal at 0 (control), 33, 67 and 100%. A total of 120 Shaver Brown pullets aged 18 weeks were allocated to the dietary treatments in a randomised design. Each treatment consisted of three replicates and ten birds per replicate. Feed intake increased only for the 33% treatment as compared to the 67% replacement diet but did not differ from the other treatments. There were no significant treatment effects on egg performance parameters observed (egg production, egg weight, total egg mass, feed conversion ratio and percent shell). The overall feed cost of egg production reduced on the snail meal-based diets. The organoleptic evaluation of boiled eggs revealed no difference between the treatments. Based on these results it was concluded that total replacement of fish meal with cooked snail meat meal does not compromise laying performance or egg quality. The substitution is beneficial in terms of production cost reduction and the reduction of snails will have a beneficial impact especially where these snails are a serious agricultural pest. The manual collection and processing of snails can also become a source of rural income.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
University of the South Pacific's research office
2015-05-22
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2015011347178
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2015011347178
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 116, No 1 (2015); 85-90
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2015011347178/838
oai:jarts.info:article/524
2013-08-10T17:32:15Z
jarts:ART
Agroforestry systems of timber species and cacao: survival and growth during the early stages
Jaimez, Ramón E.
Araque, Osmary
Guzman, Danni
Mora, Argenis
Espinoza, Wilmer
Tezara, Wilmer
Crop Ecophysiology; Agroforestry
tree growth and survival; insect attack; intercropping; criollo cacao; timber tree
In recent times, increased emphasis has been placed on diversifying the types of trees to shade cacao (Theobromacacao L.) and to achieve additional services. Agroforestry systems that include profitable and native timber trees are a viable alternative but it is necessary to understand the growth characteristics of these species under different environmental conditions. Thus, timber tree species selection should be based on plant responses to biotic and abiotic factors. The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate growth rates and leaf area indices of the four commercial timber species: Cordia thaisiana, Cedrela odorata, Swietenia macrophylla and Tabebuia rosea in conjunction with incidence of insect attacks and (2) to compare growth rates of four Venezuelan Criollo cacao cultivars planted under the shade of these four timber species during the first 36 months after establishment. Parameters monitored in timber trees were: survival rates, growth rates expressed as height and diameter at breast height and leaf area index. In the four Cacao cultivars: height and basal diameter. C. thaisiana and C. odorata had the fastest growth and the highest survival rates. Growth rates of timber trees will depend on their susceptibility to insect attacks as well as to total leaf area. All cacao cultivars showed higher growth rates under the shade of C. odorata. Growth rates of timber trees and cacao cultivars suggest that combinations of cacao and timber trees are a feasible agroforestry strategy in Venezuela.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
Universidad de Los Andes (CDCHTA). PAPELEX
2013-08-09
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012112642171
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2012112642171
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 114, No 1 (2013); 1-11
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012112642171/424
oai:jarts.info:article/35
2016-04-04T15:27:37Z
jarts:ART
Development of organic matter in soils of natural phytocoenoses and agrocoenoses
Akramov, Y.
Drauschke, W.
Bojmurodov, R.
Soil sciences
humus content; soil erosion; slope exposure; humic acid; SGK:SFK ratio; Tadzhikistan
The brown mountain carbonate soils covering the “yadiere” (hills) in the Gissarska valley of Tadzhikistan have relatively high humus portions. The humus content in the upper layers of sedentary soils was found to range from 2.70 to 3.18 per cent. However, in eroded soils the humus content declines from 1.35-0.83 per cent to levels as low as 0.57-0.75 per cent. The decrease of humus substances in erodible soils is mainly dependent on their slope exposure. Soils on sites sloping to north revealed the highest humus content whilst soils on east and west slopes and, in particular, on south slopes were found to have the lowest humus content. Sprinkler irrigation applied to soils on sloping sites, following grass seeding, was found to result in swift growth and in the evolution of a natural flora what, in turn, induced intensive humus build-up. The humus content of the covering layer increased by 0.98 per cent, that in eroded soils markedly less. The increased humus content primarily leads to humic acid enrichment, this effect causing a wider SGK:SFK ratio. Following grass seeding on these soils a marked increase in the content of dissolved and R2O3-bound humic acids can be observed.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2003-11-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/35
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 104, No 2 (2003); 191-200
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/35/32
oai:jarts.info:article/90
2016-04-06T08:12:59Z
jarts:ART
Frutos de rambután (Nephelium lappaceum L.) no son hospederos de moscas de la fruta: Anastrepha spp. y Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) – resultados de 10 años en el Soconusco, Chiapas, México
Pérez Romero, A.
Pohlan, Jürgen
Agronomy and Crop Science; Horticulture
Nephelium lappaceum; no hospedero del fruto de rambután; complejo de moscas de la fruta; Anastrepha spp.; Ceratitis capitata; Chiapas
El rambután todav´ıa es un cultivo exótico para los países latinoamericanos. A México fue introducido desde hace 40 años, con gran expectativa para el futuro, sin embargo el área comercial todavía es mínima, debido a un desconocimiento del cultivo, por parte de investigadores y productores, y por falta de promociones profesionales en cuanto al cultivo, manejo de poscosecha y comercialización de este cultivo. Un obstáculo importante fueron las restricciones en cuanto a contar durante d´ecadas este cultivo como planta hospedera para Ceratitis capitata y el complejo de moscas de la fruta Anastrepha spp. En estudios minuciosos y a largo plazo algunos fruticultores trataron a entregar el comprobante científico que el fruto del rambután nunca es infestado por estas plagas. Desde 1993 hasta 2002 fueron realizados estudios de muestreo de frutos y de trampeo en plantaciones frutícolas con rambután. Los resultados demuestran de manera significativa que se puede encontrar moscas mediterráneas y del complejo Anastrepha spp. en las plantaciones sin embargo no se ha reportado ningún caso de un fruto de rambután infestado con larvas de estas moscas. Por esto fue posible lograr en septiembre de 2003 la cancelación de la ley que prohibió la exportación de frutas de rambután a Japón y a las EE.UU.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2010-05-12
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/90
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 106, No 2 (2005); 143-153
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/90/83
oai:jarts.info:article/4971
2023-02-21T20:51:31Z
jarts:ART
Morphological characterisation of three indigenous Mozambican cattle populations
King, Félix João Manuel
Banga, Cuthbert
Visser, Carina
Body measurements, Livestock, Morphometric qualitative traits, Smallholder
Information on phenotypic and morphometric variation is important in the characterisation of indigenous cattle breeds. The objective of this study was to assess the morphological variation of the indigenous Angone, Landim, and Tete cattle breeds of Mozambique, kept under traditional management systems. These breeds are farmed mainly for meat and draught power, although they can produce some milk, especially the Landim. Data were collected through a survey of twenty-three villages in Maputo, Gaza, Inhambane (southern Mozambique), and Tete (central Mozambique) provinces. A total of 614 heads of adult animals including 140 Angone, 292 Landim, and 182 Tete were sampled. The collected qualitative and quantitative data were examined using SPSS version 16. The dominant coat pattern was even (no spotting) (59.5 %), with black being the most common coat colour (51.5 %), followed by light brown (26.5 %). The three breeds showed morphological differentiation based on size, body weight, and horn shape. Landim males and females were significantly (p 0.05) heavier than their Tete and Angone counterparts. Across breeds, the majority of cattle (95.2 %) had horns, and 66.9 % of these horns were curved. Individual assignment using discriminant function analysis revealed that 73.0 % of Landim, 77.4 % of Angone, and 59.9 % of Tete cattle were correctly assigned to their respective populations. Results from this study indicate a considerable phenotypic variation of Mozambican indigenous cattle and will assist in future improvement and conservation programs.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2022-12-06
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202212057192
10.17170/kobra-202212057192
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 123, No 2 (2022); 225-234
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202212057192/1076
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/downloadSuppFile/202212057192/2442
Copyright (c) 2022 Author(s)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/3646
2020-01-13T13:30:22Z
jarts:ART
Competitive interaction between guava and weeds: Effect on initial growth
Melo, Marlenildo Ferreira
Mendonça, Vander
Silva, Daniel Valadão
de Medeiros Mendonça, Luciana Freitas
Irineu, Toni Halan da Silva
Agronomy and Crop Science
Crop-weed competition, fruit tree, interspecific competition, Psidium guajava L.
Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is one of the 50 most consumed fruits in the world. However, weed competition compromises fruit production in cultivation areas. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the competitive interaction between guava plants and common infesting species on initial growth. Guava seedlings were cultivated during 60 days with Bidens subalternans DC., Waltheria indica L. or Commelina benghalensis L. in a randomized block design with four replicates. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse condition from February to May 2017 in Mossoró city, Brazil. The following variables were analysed: number of leaves; shoot and root length; stem diameter; root, stem, shoot and total dry mass; and leaf area. As a result, only guava plants suffered negative effects on growth due to the competition. W. indica and C. benghalensis were the most competitive species, reducing the number of leaves, leaf area and total dry matter of guava plants. However, guava and W. indica produced more root biomass when in competition. In contrast, B. subalternans and C. benghalensis was not affected by the presence of guava. In conclusion, competition with W. indica or C. benghalensis reduces the growth of guava after transplanting.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
2019-12-03
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20191127813
10.17170/kobra-20191127813
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 120, No 2 (2019); 149-155
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20191127813/980
Copyright (c) 2019 Authors
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/2147
2018-06-20T09:03:06Z
jarts:ART
A survey of brassica vegetable smallholder farmers in the Gauteng and Limpopo provinces of South Africa
Mandiriza-Mukwirimba, Gloria
Kritzinger, Quenton
Aveling, Theresa A.S.
Agronomy and Crop Science; Plant Pathology
smallholder farmers, brassicas, pathogens, disease control
A study was taken to investigate the types of brassica vegetables mostly grown by smallholder farmers in two provinces of South Africa. Thirty-one smallholder vegetable farmers in the Gauteng province and Waterberg district in the Limpopo province were surveyed. In addition, the study also sought to establish the common diseases, the management strategies used and problems encountered by the farmers. Farmers were interviewed using a questionnaire with closed and open–ended questions. The results indicated that the smallholder farmers mostly grew cabbage (93.6%) as their main brassica crop followed by rape (41.2%). Thirty percent of farmers could not identify or name the predominant disease/s encountered in their fields. Major diseases encountered by farmers surveyed were an unknown disease/s (33.3%), black rot (26.7%), Alternaria leaf spot (6.7%) and white rust (6.7%). Smallholder farmers have inadequate technical information available especially relating to crop diseases, their identification and control. Farmers encountered challenges with black rot disease especially on cabbage, rape and kale and the disease was a problem during winter and summer. Generally, the smallholder farmers used crop rotation (74.2%) as a major practice to manage the diseases experienced. They rotated their brassica vegetables with other crops/vegetables like tomatoes, onions, beetroots and maize. Most of the farmers interviewed (61.3%) did not use chemicals to control diseases, whereas 38.7% of them used chemicals. This was mostly because they lacked information and knowledge, high costs associated with use of chemical fungicides and some were shifting towards organic farming. From the study it was noted that there was a need for technical support to improve farmers’ knowledge on disease identification and control within the surveyed areas.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
EU FP7 funded project: TESTA
2016-02-23
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016010549535
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2016010549535
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 117, No 1 (2016); 35-44
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016010549535/861
oai:jarts.info:article/60
2016-04-06T08:04:21Z
jarts:ART
Efectos Agrobiológicos de Coberturas Verdes en el Cultivo de la Pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus Britton & Rose) en Nicaragua
López Silva, A.
Pohlan, Jürgen
Salazar Centeno, D.
Agronomy and Crop Science
Hylocereus undatus; cobertura verde; materia orgánica; macronutrientes; crecimiento; rendimiento; uso equivalente de tierra
El experimento fue realizado en Masaya - Tipitapa durante dos a˜nos, con la finalidad de determinar el efecto de diferentes coberturas verdes sobre la disponibilidad de materia orgánica, la biomasa, macronutrientes (N,P,K) en el suelo, la incidencia de pestes agrícolas, el crecimiento y rendimiento de la pitahaya, y estimar el equivalente del uso de la tierra. Los tratamientos incluyeron las coberturas verdes: Mucuna pruriens, Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Vigna unguiculata, Dolichos lablab y el manejo tradicional (sin cobertura), y el análisis del comportamiento de cuatro clones (Orejona, Lisa, Cebra y San Ignacio). Los tratamientos con M. pruriens, C. cajan y C. ensiformis produjeron mas biomasa y aumentaron los contenidos de materia orgánica y NPK en el suelo. En ambos ciclos el clon m´as productivo y m´as resistente a plagas y enfermedades fue el Orejona con 2942 y 2547 kg ha−1.S e obtuvieron incrementos en el número de frutos por hectárea y en el rendimiento al asociar pitahaya con D. lablab, C. cajan, M. pruriens y V. unguiculata. El uso equivalente de la tierra fue mayor en coberturas verdes que en el manejo tradicional.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2004-11-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/60
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 105, No 2 (2004); 175-187
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/60/54
oai:jarts.info:article/4509
2021-12-31T15:56:33Z
jarts:ART
Effect of different mechanical seed scarification methods on germination and emergence dynamics of baobab (Adansonia digitata L.)
Jansen, Lennart
Wichern, Florian
Gebauer, Jens
Agroforestry; Agronomy and Crop Science; Conservation Ecology
Baobab, Cotyledon damage, Propagation, Seed dormancy, Seedling development
The African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is a multipurpose fruit-producing tree that is indigenous to the African savannahs. Commercial interest in the species has grown in recent years. The major obstacle of seed-based propagation of baobab is its inherent seed dormancy. Therefore, in this study the effects of different mechanical seed scarification methods on seed germination parameters and seedling development of A. digitata were tested. The results show that mechanical scarification had a significant effect on germination and emergence dynamics of A. digitata. The highest total emergence percentage with 61.7% was achieved by scarifying the seeds with a saw on the hilum side. Cotyledon damage due to mechanical scarification occurred in all treatments. Proportions of damage categories depended significantly on treatment. The largest proportion of undamaged cotyledons was with 63.6% achieved by scarifying the seeds with a saw on the hilum side. This precise technique may be suitable for mass propagation of baobab in a rural setting but the effects of scarification methods on seedling emergence should be further investigated.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL)
2021-10-28
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202107134322
10.17170/kobra-202107134322
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 122, No 2 (2021); 183-192
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202107134322/1041
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/downloadSuppFile/202107134322/2226
Copyright (c) 2021 Authors
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/2913
2018-07-02T09:22:06Z
jarts:ART
Beekeeping adoption: A case study of three smallholder farming communities in Baringo County, Kenya
Hecklé, Renaud
Smith, Pete
Macdiarmid, Jennie I.
Campbell, Ewan
Abbott, Pamela
Beekeeping; Rural Sociology; Social Policy;
Africa, bees, honey, livelihoods, qualitative methods, semi-structured interview, sustainable livelihood framework
In Kenya, beekeeping offers benefits which could make it attractive to smallholder farmers as a possible strategy for making their livelihoods more sustainable. However, its potential remains largely unexploited and the lack of new entrants is thought to be one key reason for a decline in beekeeping. This paper reports on a study that examined the factors affecting beekeeping adoption in Baringo County, Kenya with a focus on three smallholder farming communities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 90 informants in these communities, including 41 new beekeepers, 21 non-adopters, 13 group leaders, 10 village elders and 5 teenagers. In addition, 28 key stakeholders at national and local levels were approached. The findings show that in high traditional beekeeping areas apprenticeship pathway is predominant, while in low traditional beekeeping areas most of the beekeepers follow the traineeship pathway. The main factors affecting the decision of smallholder farmers to take up beekeeping were access to information, land and beehives, availability of alternative income generating activities, perceptions of beekeeping outcomes and performance, access to market, feelings towards bees, and cultural norms. The importance of these factors varies according to interviewee demographics (gender, age and level of education) and location. The findings suggest that to increase the uptake of beekeeping the following should be considered: (a) increasing awareness and knowledge in all locations but particularly in the low traditional beekeeping areas; (b) improving access to improved harvesting tools (e.g. smokers and protective clothing) and to movable comb or frame hives, especially for young people and women; and (c) supporting local social networks.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2018-04-04
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2018010254087
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2018010254087
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 119, No 1 (2018); 1-11
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2018010254087/932
Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/801
2014-08-07T15:42:08Z
jarts:ART
Smallholder pig production systems along a periurban-rural gradient in the Western provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Kambashi, Bienvenu
Picron, Pascale
Boudry, Christelle
Théwis, André
Kiatoko, Honoré
Bindelle, Jérôme
pig rearing; smallholder farming; feeding strategies; health
In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), pigs are raised almost exclusively by smallholders either in periurban areas of major cities such as Kinshasa or in rural villages. Unfortunately, little information is available regarding pig production in the Western part of the DRC, wherefore a survey was carried out to characterize and compare 319 pig production systems in their management and feeding strategies, along a periurban - rural gradient inWestern provinces of the DRC. Pig breeding was the main source of income (43%) and half of respondents were active in mixed pig and crop production, mainly vegetable garden. Depending on the location, smallholders owned on average 18 pigs, including four sows. Piglet mortality rate varied from 9.5 to 21.8% while average weaned age ranged between 2.2 and 2.8 months. The major causes of mortality reported by the farmers were African swine fever 98 %, swine erysipelas (60 %), erysipelas trypanosomiasis (31 %), swine worm infection (17 %), and diarrhoea (12 %). The majority of the pigs were reared in pens without free roaming and fed essentially with locally available by-products and forage plants whose nature varied according with the location of the farm. The pig production systems depended on the local environment; particularly in terms of workforces, herd structure and characteristics, production parameters, pig building materials, selling price and in feed resources. It can be concluded that an improvement of Congolese pig production systems should consider (1) a reduction of inbreeding, (2) an improvement in biosafety to reduce the incidence of African swine fever and the spread of other diseases, and (3) an improvement in feeding practices.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2014-08-07
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2014020344851
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2014020344851
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 115, No 1 (2014); 9-22
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2014020344851/811
oai:jarts.info:article/480
2018-06-20T09:18:37Z
jarts:ART
Impact of floriculture development enhances livelihood of India’s rural women
Agoramoorthy, Govindasamy
Hsu, Minna J.
floriculture; rural economics; natural resource management; social sciences
floriculture; tribal women; development; economy; drylands; India
India’s rural women are involved in various types of work and contribute considerably to the economy. However much of their work is not systematically accounted in the official statistics. India’s governmental and non-governmental data collection agencies admit that there is an under-estimation of tribal women’s contribution as rural workers. This study describes in detail a research project that focuses on the indicators for socioeconomic development in the least developed rural villages by examining the impact of floriculture on the lives of impoverished tribal women who inhabit the harsh drylands of western India.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
The financial support of Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (Mumbai) to carry out the research work at Sadguru Foundation through Tata Visiting Chair status awarded to G. Agoramoorthy is greatly appreciated.
2012-09-19
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012082241658
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2012082241658
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 113, No 1 (2012); 69–76
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012082241658/179
oai:jarts.info:article/26
2016-04-06T08:16:28Z
jarts:ART
Estimates of Carbon Reservoirs in High-Altitude Wetlands in the Colombian Andes
Peña, Enrique Javier
Sandoval, Harrison
Zuñiga, Orlando
Torres, Alba Marina
terrestrial carbon; atmospheric carbon dioxide; atmospheric methane; storage in biota
The observed increase in emission of greenhouse gases, with attendant effects on global warming, have raised interests in identifying sources and sinks of carbon in the environment. Terrestrial carbon (C) sequestration involves capture of atmospheric C through photosynthesis and storage in biota, soil and wetlands. Particularly, wetland systems function primarily as long-term reservoirs for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and as sources of atmospheric methane (CH4). The objective of this study was to evaluate the patterns of carbon reservoirs in two high-altitude wetlands in the central Andean mountain of Colombia. Carbon cycle in both systems is related mainly with the plant biomass dynamics from the littoral zone. Thus, total organic carbon concentrate an average up to 329 kg of N ha-1 and 125 kg of P ha-1 every year vs only 17 kg N ha-1 and 6 kg P ha-1 in the water column of the limnetic zone in the wetland, evidencing spatial differences in carbon concentrations for these types of ecosystems. Results revealed that these systems participate in the balance and sequestration of carbon in the Colombian Andes.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2010-05-03
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/26
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 110, No 2 (2009); 115-126
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/26/23
oai:jarts.info:article/187
2013-04-16T21:33:58Z
jarts:ART
Growth and yield of groundnut, sesame and roselle in an Acacia senegal agroforestry system in North Kordofan, Sudan
Fadl, Kamal Eldin Mohammed
Agronomy and Crop Science;
Acacia senegal; agroforestry; intercropping; soil properties; groundnut; sesame, roselle; Kordofan
A field experiment was conducted under rainfed conditions in western Sudan at El-Obeid Research Farm and Eldemokeya Forest Reserve, North Kordofan State, during the growing seasons 2004/05 and 2005/06. The main objective was to investigate the soil physical and chemical properties and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogea), sesame (Sesamum indicum) and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) of an Acacia senegal agroforestry system in comparison with the sole cropping system. Data were recorded for soil physical and chemical properties, soil moisture content, number of pods per plant, fresh weight (kg ha^ 1) and crop yield (kg ha^ 1). The treatments were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated four times.Significant differences (P 0.05) were obtained for sand and silt content on both sites, while clay content was not significantly different on both sites. The nitrogen (N) and organic carbon were significantly (P 0.05) higher in the intercropping system in Eldemokeya Forest Reserve compared with sole cropping. Soil organic carbon, N and pH were not significant on El-Obeid site. Yet the level of organic carbon, N, P and pH was higher in the intercropping system.Fresh weight was significantly different on both sites. The highest fresh weight was found in the intercropping system. Dry weights were significantly different for sesame and roselle on both sites, while groundnut was not significantly different. On both sites intercropping systems reduced groundnut, sesame and roselle yields by 26.3, 12 and 20.2%, respectively. The reduction in yield in intercropping plots could be attributed to high tree density, which resulted in water and light competition between trees and the associated crops.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2010-09-07
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/x-pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2010082734336
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2010082734336
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 111, No 1 (2010); 35-40
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2010082734336/121
oai:jarts.info:article/5455
2024-02-23T09:07:20Z
jarts:ART
Effect of different levels of fluted pumpkin leaf (Telfairia occidentalis) in grower rabbit diets: Assessing growth parameters, haematological profiles, and serological responses
Sanubi, Jovita Oghenenyerhovwo
Chukwuma, Onyeka Marvellous
Amata, Ifo Alex
Onwumelu, Ifeoma Jane
Ade, Samson
Ighobesuo, Oghenemarho Benedict
Osuzoka, Ngozi Emeka
Blood parameters, Dutch breed, Proximate analysis, Serum, Weaned rabbits
The effect of fluted pumpkin leaf (FPL) on the growth performance, haematology, and serology of growing rabbits were examined. Seventy-five weaned rabbits of Dutch breed, with a mean weight of 513 g, and different sexes were allotted into 5 treatments with 3 replicates and each replicate housing five weaned rabbits. The five treatment diets were formulated to contain FPL at inclusion levels of 0 % (control), 30 %, 50 %, 70 % and 100 % in a completely randomized design. The animals were fed twice daily and given water to drink ad libitum for the fifty-six days (Jan to Mar, 2023) of the feeding trial. The proximate analysis showed that FPL was rich in protein and minerals but low in fibre, hence a good protein and mineral supplement for weaned rabbits in the tropics. The final weight, weight gain, weight gain per day, average weight gain, and feed conversion ratio differed significantly (P 0.05) amongst the rabbits fed the experimental diets. The blood parameters examined included packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin count (MCHC), which differed significantly in comparison (P 0.05). The serum, total protein, albumin, and globulin analysed did not show any significant difference among the treatment. The inclusion of 50% FPL could be efficiently utilised and tolerated by growing rabbits without adversely affecting growth performance and blood profile.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2023-12-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202312229278
10.17170/kobra-202312229278
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 124, No 2 (2023); 189-197
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202312229278/1102
Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/3704
2020-12-28T07:40:01Z
jarts:ART
Factors driving adoption and constraining the non-adoption of biofortified orange fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP) among farmers in Abia State, Nigeria
Chah, Jane M.
Anugwa, Ifeoma Q.
Nwafor, Ifeanyi M.
Agronomy and Crop Science;Agricultultural economics
Adoption, constraining factors, farmers, motivational factors, orange fleshed sweet potatoes varieties, vitamin A
This study sought to determine the factors that drive the adoption and constrain the non-adoption of Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato (OFSP) varieties among farmers in Abia State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used in selecting sixty sweet potato farmers (thirty adopters and non-adopters each). Participatory tools such as structured interview schedule, key informant interviews and personal observation were employed for quantitative and qualitative data collection. The data were analysed using descriptive statistical tools like, percentage, mean scores and factor analysis. The results of the study revealed that a greater percent of both adopters and non-adopters of OFSP were males. Although the adopters were older than the non-adopters, they were more educated, cosmopolite, cultivated larger farm sizes, earned more income, had more extension contact and access to credit than the non-adopters. The majority of adopters had high knowledge, while non-adopters had moderate knowledge of OFSP. The adopters were motivated to adopt the OFSP mainly as a result of its pleasant taste, profit from the sale of its roots and vines and not necessarily because of its perceived health benefits of supplementing vitamin A. Perceived constraints to the adoption of OFSP by non-adopters were particularly the complexity of OFSP production techniques and the high cost of OFSP vines and roots. Thus, extension agents should create more sensitisation and provide education about OFSP to farmers. Additionally, concerted eorts should be made by the research institutes to provide adequate and easily accessible inputs (vines and other planting materials) so that more farmers can produce vitamin A rich OFSP.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2020-09-22
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202007291509
10.17170/kobra-202007291509
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 121, No 2 (2020); 173-183
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202007291509/1012
Copyright (c) 2020 Authors
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/2513
2016-12-14T05:44:45Z
jarts:ART
Effects of charcoal-enriched goat manure on soil fertility parameters and growth of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) in a sandy soil from northern Oman
Willich, Melanie
Schiborra, Anne Kathrin
Quaranta, Laura
Buerkert, Andreas
Agronomy and Crop Science; Animal Husbandry; Agroecology
activated charcoal, goat manure, microbial biomass C, SOC, subtropical soils
The effect of charcoal feeding on manure quality and its subsequent application to enhance soil productivity has received little attention. The objectives of the present study therefore were to investigate the effects of (i) charcoal feeding on manure composition, and (ii) charcoal-enriched manure application on soil fertility parameters and growth of millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.). To this end, two experiments were conducted: First, a goat feeding trial where goats were fed increasing levels of activated charcoal (AC; 0, 3, 5, 7, and 9% of total ration); second, a greenhouse pot experiment using the manure from the feeding trial as an amendment for a sandy soil from northern Oman. We measured manure C, N, P, and K concentrations, soil fertility parameters and microbial biomass indices, as well as plant yield and nutrient concentrations. Manure C concentration increased significantly (P 0.001) from 45.2% (0% AC) to 60.2% (9% AC) with increasing dietary AC, whereas manure N, P, and K concentrations decreased (P 0.001) from 0% AC (N: 2.5%, P: 1.5%, K: 0.8%) to 9% AC (N: 1.7%, P: 0.8%, K: 0.4%). Soil organic carbon, pH, and microbial biomass N showed a response to AC-enriched manure. Yield of millet decreased slightly with AC enrichment, whereas K uptake was improved with increasing AC. We conclude that AC effects on manure quality and soil productivity depend on dosage of manure and AC, properties of AC, trial duration, and soil type.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
German Research Foundation (DFG)
2016-12-14
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016101851076
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2016101851076
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 117, No 2 (2016); 323-333
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016101851076/894
Copyright (c) 2016 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/84
2016-04-06T08:09:24Z
jarts:ART
Degree of Adaption of Lianas (Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) and Campsis radicans (L.)) to the Environmental Conditions of Towns
Ergaschewa, G. N.
Drauschke, W.
Ecology, Evolution, Behaviour and Systematics
environmental pollution; environmental demages; lianas; climbers; Middle Asia; Dushanbe; climatic data; botanical investigations
Results of anatomic investigations are discussed, being carried out at leaves of lianas (Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) and Campsis radicans (L.)), growing under environmental conditions of towns. It could be found from the result, that xerographic phenomenons are reflecting the environmental conditions in towns. The effects of environmental pollution can be found at necrotic cells in the mesophyll of leaves. Demages of the leaves could be found by only visual investigations of the leaves.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2005-04-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/84
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 106, No 1 (2005); 79-85
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/84/77
oai:jarts.info:article/4792
2022-10-04T13:14:29Z
jarts:ART
Perceptions and practices of pesticides safety measures of rice farmers in the central region of Vietnam
Sen, Le Thi Hoa
Dung, Nguyen Tien
Hasan, Md. Mainul
Rice farming, Agrochemicals, Plant protection, Safety measures
The use of pesticides is increasing rapidly and the pesticide use crisis is badly damaging the environment, the economy, and public health in Vietnam. However, the country is yet to become successful in reducing pesticide use mostly because of policy implementation and inadequate understanding of farmers. This study examined and discussed the perceptions and safety level of using pesticides by applying a widely used index of 39 indicators equivalent to 39 safety measures grouped into four categories to assess the safety behaviour of rice farmers in the central region of Vietnam. A field survey of 320 rice farmers and 12 local leaders was conducted in Quang Tri and Thua Thien Hue provinces. The result revealed that there exists a significant difference (p 0.001) between the perception and practices of pesticide safety measures of rice farmers in the study area. The overall score appears relatively high (4.09 and 3.89 out of 5.0 for perception and practices, respectively), indicating that farmers believe what they are doing is safe, though there are significant variations among the categories and among farmers in practicing pesticide safety measures. Regarding the farmers’ safety level, it was observed that there are still 18.1% and 34.4% of rice farmers are under unsafe and potentially unsafe conditions, respectively. Hence, an effective extension and communication program regarding the management and safety use of pesticides is the most vital policy solution to protect the rice farmers from potential health risks and ensure the sustainability of agriculture.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
Hue university
2022-04-19
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202203085852
10.17170/kobra-202203085852
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 123, No 1 (2022); 121-130
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202203085852/1065
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/downloadSuppFile/202203085852/2331
Copyright (c) 2022 Author(s)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/3502
2019-11-19T17:17:05Z
jarts:ART
Combining biochar with low rate of chemical fertiliser boosts maize biomass yield, regardless of tillage system, under humid conditions
Kiobia, Denis Olgen
Graef, Hannah A.
Reuben, Paul
Kahimba, Frederick Cassian
Graef, Frieder
Eichler-Löbermann, Bettina
Silayo, Valerian C. K.
Agronomy and Crop Science; Soil Science; Agroecology;Plant Science;
biochar, chemical fertiliser, tied-ridges, maize, biomass
Biochar application to soils increases biomass and crop yields, especially with rates higher than 100 t ha−1. Yet, there is limited knowledge on the combined effect of biochar and chemical fertiliser under different tillage systems. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of maize-cob biochar (BC) (rates of 5 and 10 t ha−1) combined with chemical fertiliser micro-dosing (MD) at a rate of 25% of the recommended quantity on total shoot dry matter (DM) and plant height of maize cultivated under flat (F) and tied-ridge (R) practices during a humid season in Tanzania. The results indicate that combining 5 t ha−1 BC with 25% MD increases DM at harvest by 83% (4.16 t ha−1) compared to the control (2.27 t ha−1) and was in the same range as the DM obtained from the treatment with the recommended fertiliser rate (100% FD). The treatments with single applications of 25% MD, 5 t ha−1 BC, and 10 t ha−1 BC only tended to exceed the control of DM yield. Therefore, we recommend that small-scale farmers aiming at DM for livestock or grain yield with limited access to chemical fertilisers to combine biochar with 25% MD, rather than applying biochar or low chemical fertiliser rates alone.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
TransSEC Project
2019-11-04
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20190613557
10.17170/kobra-20190613557
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 120, No 1 (2019); 55-62
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20190613557/965
Copyright (c) 2019 Author(s)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/1982
2015-11-25T15:46:39Z
jarts:ART
Evaluation of major feed resources in crop-livestock mixed farming systems, southern Ethiopia: Indigenous knowledge versus laboratory analysis results
Talore, Deribe Gemiyo
Animal Production, forage research
crop residue, fodder tree, natural pasture, nutritive value, indigenous knowledge
Evaluation of major feed resources was conducted in four crop-livestock mixed farming systems of central southern Ethiopia, with 90 farmers, selected using multi-stage purposive and random sampling methods. Discussions were held with focused groups and key informants for vernacular name identification of feed, followed by feed sampling to analyse chemical composition (CP, ADF and NDF), in-vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and correlate with indigenous technical knowledge (ITK). Native pastures, crop residues (CR) and multi-purpose trees (MPT) are the major feed resources, demonstrated great variations in seasonality, chemical composition and IVDMD. The average CP, NDF and IVDMD values for grasses were 83.8 (ranged: 62.9–190), 619 (ranged: 357–877) and 572 (ranged: 317–743) g kg^(−1) DM, respectively. Likewise, the average CP, NDF and IVDMD for CR were 58 (ranged: 20–90), 760 (ranged: 340–931) and 461 (ranged: 285–637)g kg^(−1) DM, respectively. Generally, the MPT and non-conventional feeds (NCF, Ensete ventricosum and Ipomoea batatas) possessed higher CP (ranged: 155–164 g kg^(−1) DM) and IVDMD values (611–657 g kg^(−1) DM) while lower NDF (331–387 g kg^(−1) DM) and ADF (321–344 g kg^(−1) DM) values. The MPT and NCF were ranked as the best nutritious feeds by ITK while crop residues were the least. This study indicates that there are remarkable variations within and among forage resources in terms of chemical composition. There were also complementarities between ITK and feed laboratory results, and thus the ITK need to be taken into consideration in evaluation of local feed resources.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
SARI
2015-10-08
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2015061048507
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2015061048507
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 116, No 2 (2015); 157-166
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2015061048507/851
oai:jarts.info:article/51
2016-04-06T07:59:50Z
jarts:ART
Effect of Neem Kernel Cake Powder (NKCP) on Fusarium Wilt of Tomato when Used as Soil Amendment
Kimaru, S. K.
Waudo, S. W.
Monda, E.
Seif, A. A.
Birgen, J. K.
Agronomy and Crop Science;
Neem kernel cake powder; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp lycopersici; tomato; wilt; soil amendment; plant performance; disease severity
A study was conducted to investigate effect of Neem Kernel Cake Powder (NKCP) at 1.75, 3.5 and 7g rates on development of tomato Fusarium wilt in 1997 at the National Horticultural Research Center, Thika, Kenya. Inoculum density of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) was two 14mm - diameter disks per planting hole taken from 10 day old cultures growing on PDA. Plant performance was based on shoot height and weight; stem diameter; number and weight of tomato fruits. Disease assessment was based on wilt index of shoots and length of discolouration of vascular tissues. Performance of plants grown in NKCP amended and non-amended soils was significantly (p=0.05) different (33.3 - 93.3%). Disease severity based on the wilt index (0.53-2.87) and length of discoloured vascular tissues (7.4cm - 25.62cm) differed significantly (p=0.05) among treatments.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2004-05-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/51
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 105, No 1 (2004); 63-69
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/51/45
oai:jarts.info:article/4414
2021-06-29T11:30:55Z
jarts:ART
Potassium iodide influence on iodine-leaf concentration and growth of amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.).
Eifediyi, Ehiokhilen Kevin
Idowu, Samson Adeunie
Ogedegbe, Felix Omonkeke
Agbede, Taiwo Michael
Kareem, Isiaka
Agronomy and Crop Science
Bio-fortification,Micronutrient malnutrition, Performance ,Amaranths
Low iodine content in soils is a common feature in lowland and in mountainous regions far from oceans. The diets of the people living in these regions are often deficient in dietary iodine, resulting in chronic iodine deficiency syndrome, goiter, hearing loss and other debilitating diseases. A field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ilorin, Nigeria during the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons, to evaluate the response of amaranths to iodine enrichment using an agronomic approach. The trial consisted of potassium iodide (KI) applied as foliar spray at 0, 3.5, 7, 10.5, 14 kg ha-1 and soil applied at the rates of 4, 8, 12 and 16 kg ha-1. These treatments were in four replicates laid out in a randomized complete block design. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, crop growth rate, yield and iodine-leaf concentration. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by mean separation using Duncan`s Multiple range test p 0.05. The results indicated that the use of KI improved the growth of amaranthus at the low level of application, but foliar application at 10.5 and 14 kg ha-1 yielded the highest iodine leaf concentration. Although application of iodine in amaranthus improved iodine leaf concentration, there was a colour change at higher rates of application which may affect the acceptability of the vegetable by consumers.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
Nill
2021-05-25
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202104133654
10.17170/kobra-202104133654
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 122, No 1 (2021); 83-89
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202104133654/1032
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/downloadSuppFile/202104133654/2125
Copyright (c) 2021 Authors
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/2480
2018-06-15T12:20:02Z
jarts:ART
Changes in biochemical characteristics and Na and K content of caper (Capparis spinosa L.) seedlings under water and salt stress
Sadeghi, Hossein
Rostami, Laleh
Plant Ecophysiology
caper, catalase, peroxidase, salt stress, superoxide dismutase
In order to investigate the effect of water and salt stress on caper (Capparis spinosa L.) seedlings, a randomized complete block design with five replications was carried out in 2013 at Shiraz University, Iran. Water stress had three levels: 100 % (control), 75 %, and 5 % field capacity (FC), and five levels of salinity were applied: 0 (control), 4, 8, 12, and 18 dSm^(−1). The results indicated that salinity had a significantly negative effect on chlorophyll content of caper seedlings, while drought increased this content. The carotenoid content in caper seedlings under water and salinity stress was significantly increased. Proline and total protein content increased also under both salinity and water stress. Antioxidant enzyme activity; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) also increased in response of salinity and drought. Salinity stress significantly increased the content of Na^+ in cells but decreased K^+ content. It seems that caper seedlings could tolerate a salinity level up to 4–8 dSm^(−1) as well as water stress of 75 % FC, no significant differences were observed between these two salinity levels, the water stress level and the control. The interaction effect of water stress and salinity had a significant effect on biochemical characteristics of caper. The highest content of carotenoid, proline and total protein content were obtained in 50 % FC and 18 dSm^(−1).The results of biochemical characteristics and leaf content of K+ and Na+ suggest that caper plant is a very tolerant species to salinity and drought stress which make it a suitable crop for most arid and semi-arid regions of Iran.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
Shiraz University
2017-09-04
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017062752895
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2017062752895
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 118, No 2 (2017); 199-206
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017062752895/915
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/649
2018-06-20T09:12:30Z
jarts:ART
Bud development, flowering and fruit set of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Horseradish Tree) as affected by various irrigation levels
Muhl, Quintin Ernst
du Toit, Elsa S.
Steyn, Joachim Martin
Apostolides, Zeno
Horticulture; Agronomy; Plant Science
floral initiation; pollen viability; pollen tube growth; biofuel; miracle tree; Moringa oleifera
Moringa oleifera is becoming increasingly popular as an industrial crop due to its multitude of useful attributes as water purifier, nutritional supplement and biofuel feedstock. Given its tolerance to sub-optimal growing conditions, most of the current and anticipated cultivation areas are in medium to low rainfall areas. This study aimed to assess the effect of various irrigation levels on floral initiation, flowering and fruit set. Three treatments namely, a 900 mm (900IT), 600 mm (600IT) and 300 mm (300IT) per annum irrigation treatment were administered through drip irrigation, simulating three total annual rainfall amounts. Individual inflorescences from each treatment were tagged during floral initiation and monitored throughout until fruit set. Flower bud initiation was highest at the 300IT and lowest at the 900IT for two consecutive growing seasons. Fruit set on the other hand, decreased with the decrease in irrigation treatment. Floral abortion, reduced pollen viability as well as moisture stress in the style were contributing factors to the reduction in fruiting/yield observed at the 300IT. Moderate water stress prior to floral initiation could stimulate flower initiation, however, this should be followed by sufficient irrigation to ensure good pollination, fruit set and yield.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
National Research Foundation (NRF)
2014-01-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2013081343310
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2013081343310
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 114, No 2 (2013); 79-87
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2013081343310/785
oai:jarts.info:article/324
2018-06-20T09:27:11Z
jarts:ART
Domestic policy responses to the food price crisis: The case of Bolivia
Schüttel, Carsten
Kleinwechter, Ulrich
Ihle, Rico
Grethe, Harald
Agricultural economics
agricultural trade policies; Bolivia; cointegration; error-correction; food crisis; food security; market integration; price transmission
In face of the global food crisis of 2007–2008, severe concerns arose about how developing countries would be affected by the extreme short-term fluctuations in international commodity prices. We examine the effects of the crisis on Bolivia, one of the poorest countries of the Americas. We focus on the effectiveness of the domestic policy interventions in preventing spillovers of the development of international food prices to domestic markets. Using a cointegration model, we study price interdependencies of wheat flour, sunflower oil and poultry. The analysis suggests that the policy measures taken had little effect on food security during the food crisis. Throughout the entire period, perfect price transmission between the Bolivian poultry and sunflower oil markets and the respective international reference markets existed. Bolivian prices were determined by international prices and the policy interventions in the markets of these two commodities were not found to have had an effect. The government’s large-scale wheat flour imports did not shield Bolivian consumers from the shocks of international prices.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
Financial support was provided by Stiftung Fiat Panis
logistical & thematic support was supported by GIZ
2012-06-12
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012011740368
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2012011740368
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 112, No 2 (2011); 125-139
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012011740368/157
oai:jarts.info:article/17
2016-04-04T15:22:50Z
jarts:ART
Poverty, Land Resource Management and Gender Participation in Libokemkem District of Northern Ethiopia
Mamo, Tekalign
Ayele, Gezahegn
Socio-Economics
resource management; poverty; gender; Ethiopia
High population pressure and land degradation are threats of food security in the highlands of Ethiopia. Poverty and food insecurity are closely related phenomena.Both of them compel poor farmers to practice unwise use and resource management, which lead to low resource productivity. This study examines the various factors determining poverty and resource management at a household level with gender perspective in Libokemekem district of Ethiopia. Farm level diversification of crops and mitigating food insecurity is highly constrained due to lack of farm resources principally limited land size. Consequently, households with large family sizes and limited resources are vulnerable to food insecurity. Although households practice various coping mechanisms and alternative resource management strategies, they are not sufficient to curb household food security. The magnitude however, varies between female and male-headed households.Socioeconomic factors such as age, soil type, farm size, sex of household heads, area under rice production, number of oxen, and slope of the land are among the major factors to influence and discriminate between female and male-headed households. This study concludes by highlighting and indicating possible direction for policy intervention in view of enhancing food security and sustainable resource management.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2003-05-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/17
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 104, No 1 (2003); 51-64
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/17/14
oai:jarts.info:article/126
2016-04-06T10:35:59Z
jarts:ART
Factors Affecting Farmers’ Decision to Enter Agricultural Cooperatives Using Random Utility Model in the South Eastern Anatolian Region of Turkey
Karlı, Bahri
Bilgiç, Abdulbaki
Çelik, Yusuf
Social Science; Agricultural economics
cooperatives, participation, random utility, logit
Farmers’ decision and perceptions to be a member of agricultural cooperatives in the South Eastern Anatolian Region were investigated. Factors affecting the probability of joining the agricultural cooperatives were determined using binary logit model. The model released that most of variables such as education, high communication, log of gross income, farm size, medium and high technology variables play important roles in determining the probability of entrance. Small farmers are likely expected to join the agricultural cooperatives than the wealthier farmers are. Small farmers may wish to benefit cash at hand, input subsidies, and services provided by the agricultural cooperatives since the risks associated with intensive high-returning crops are high. Some important factors playing pole role in abstention of farmers towards agricultural cooperatives are gross income and some social status variables. In addition, conservative or orthodox farmers are less likely to join agricultural cooperatives than moderate farmers are. We also found that the direct government farm credit programs mainly should be objected to providing farmers to better access to capital markets and creating the opportunity to use with allocation of capital inputs via using modern technology.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2006-11-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/126
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 107, No 2 (2006); 115-127
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/126/109
oai:jarts.info:article/4513
2022-10-04T13:14:29Z
jarts:ART
Factors influencing technology adoption among smallholder farmers: a systematic review in Africa
Fadeyi, Oluwamayokun Anjorin
Ariyawardana, Anoma
Aziz, Ammar A.
Crop science; Farm management; Technology adoption
Adoption, Agriculture, Finance, Smallholder farmers, Technology adoption
Smallholder agriculture has been identified to be critical in the creation of employment, improving food security and improving the economy. However, smallholder agriculture in Africa is characterised by a low production level which has been linked to the limited use of technologies. Several factors influence the adoption of technologies among smallholder farmers in Africa. This systematic literature review focuses on the factors influencing technology adoption among smallholder farmers in Africa and identified 128 peer-reviewed papers in English between January 2000 to December 2019. The majority were carried out in Kenya, Uganda, and Malawi, with the major crops being maize, legumes and rice. This review identified 29 factors that were broadly classified into five main categories: (i) farmers’ characteristics; (ii) farm characteristics; (iii) technology characteristics; (iv) institutional factors; and (v) finance. Of these, finance (81 articles), gender of household head (71 articles), age (68 articles), education (64 articles), farm size (62 articles) and extension access (59 articles) are the most prominent factors mentioned. The factors identified in this review were then related to existing technology adoption theories, and it was concluded that finance does not adequately feature in any of these extant theories. As illustrated by the relatively high occurrence of finance, this review puts forward a comprehensive framework for technology adoption and also provides critical recommendations to improve technology adoption among smallholder farmers in Africa.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2022-01-25
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202201195569
10.17170/kobra-202201195569
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 123, No 1 (2022); 13-30
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202201195569/1056
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/downloadSuppFile/202201195569/2276
Copyright (c) 2022 Author(s)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/3284
2019-01-16T09:29:19Z
jarts:ART
Smallholder goat production in the Namaacha and Moamba districts of southern Mozambique
Mataveia, Gracinda A.
Garrine, Carmen M. L. P.
Pondja, Alberto
Hassen, Abubeker
Visser, Carina
Goats production and Animal Husbandry
communal, extensive, goat, husbandry, small-scale
Goat rearing is one of the most common livestock farming activities in Mozambique and has the potential to play a powerful role in improving the livelihoods of resource-poor farmers. This study was conducted to investigate the status of goat husbandry practices in rural areas of southern Mozambique. Data were collected from a total of 45 smallholder goat keepers in three different villages through questionnaires complemented by interviews. Most households were dependent on crop production and livestock as their main source of income. Goats were reared under extensive systems where free grazing and tethering were the common feeding management practices with limited supplementation during the dry season. The flock sizes per household were predominantly small (13 ± 2.4) with uncontrolled breeding of goats. The goats were reared mainly as a source of meat for home consumption and a means of reserve cash income. All household members were involved in goat production but women and children had a minor role in terms of decision making. The main constrains limiting goat production were diseases, lack of veterinary services, limited size of grazing land and scarcity of feed resources. Intervention programs focused on improving the husbandry practices and veterinary assistance should be initiated to improve goat production and thereby improve the income and livelihood of the resource-poor farmers in Mozambique. This paper presents a summary of the results of a baseline study in the Namaacha and Moamba districts of Mozambique.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
The Project Sida/SAREC 2 - UEM
Fundo Nacional de Investigação – Projecto No 164 - Inv/FNI and Serviços Distritais de Actividades Económicas (SDAE) in Moamba and Namaacha
2019-01-10
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2018112825
10.17170/kobra-2018112825
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 119, No 2 (2018); 31-41
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2018112825/947
Copyright (c) 2018 Author(s)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/826
2018-06-20T09:08:52Z
jarts:ART
Carcass composition of Venda indigenous scavenging chickens under village management
Raphulu, Thomas
Jansen van Rensburg, Christine
Coertze, Roelof Johannes
animal husbandry
Season; gender; meat yield; chemical composition
Four Venda indigenous scavenging (VIS) chickens (one young male and one young female of 10-16 weeks of age, a mature cockerel and a mature hen) were randomly purchased from each of six adjacent rural villages during three different seasons (autumn, winter and spring) to determine the meat yield and carcass chemical composition. A total of 72 chickens were slaughtered and feathers, head, neck, viscera, feet and lungs were removed. The live body weight, dressed carcass weight and also the mass of the breast without wings, thighs and drumsticks were recorded with bones and skin. The muscle tissues of the breast and both legs without tendons and fat were sampled for chemical analysis and were analysed for dry matter, ether extract, crude protein and ash. The carcass weight, dressing %, mass of the breast, mass of the thighs, mass of the drumsticks, breast yield, thighs yield and drumsticks yield of both grower and adult VIS chickens were not influenced by season. The crude protein of the grower chickens breast muscles and fat content of the adult chicken leg muscles differed with season. The meat from VIS chickens provided a constant nutrient (crude protein) supply throughout the year to the rural communities.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
National Research Foundation
2015-05-21
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2014082545948
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2014082545948
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 116, No 1 (2015); 27-35
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2014082545948/825
oai:jarts.info:article/40
2016-04-06T08:33:44Z
jarts:ART
The Role of Bio-productivity on Bio-energy Yields
Janssens, Marc J. J.
Keutgen, Norbert
Pohlan, Juergen
Plant production; Biofuel research
photosynthesis; bio-productivity; bio-energy; energy concentration path
The principal photosynthetic pathways convert solar energy differently depending on the environmental conditions and the plant morphotype. Partitioning of energy storage within crops will vary according to environmental and seasonal conditions as well. Highest energy concentration is found in terpens like latex and, to a lesser extent, in lipids. Ideally, we want plant ingredients with high energy content easily amenable to ready-to-use bio-fuel. Generally, these crops are adapted to drier areas and tend to save on eco-volume space. Competition with food crops could be avoided by fetching energy from cheap agricultural by-products or waste products such as bagasse in the sugar cane. This would in fact mean that reducing power of agricultural residues should be extracted from the biomass through non-photosynthetic processes like animal ingestion or industrial bio-fermentation. Conversion and transformation efficiencies in the production chain are illustrated for some relevant crops in the light of the maximum power theorem.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2009-04-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/40
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 110, No 1 (2009); 41-48
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/40/37
oai:jarts.info:article/4106
2020-12-28T07:40:01Z
jarts:ART
Are farmer perceptions among significant determinants of adoption of agricultural diversity in Malawi? A case of Lilongwe district
Fatch, Paul Falakeza
Masangano, Charles
Kamoto, Judith
Jordan, Irmgard
Hilger, Thomas
Mambo, Isaac
Kalimbira, Alexander
Nuppenau, Ernst-August
Agricultural Extension, agronomy and crop science, animal husbandry, agricultural economics
Crop production, Extension, Innovation diffusion, Livestock production
Agricultural diversity can strengthen resilience of livelihood of farmers to climate change and market uncertainties while, potentially at the same time, offering better dietary and nutritional prospects for households. Adoption of agricultural diversity in Malawi is low. Policy-makers, researchers, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and extension staff need to understand dynamics of adoption of agricultural diversity in order to develop appropriate policies and interventions to promote agricultural diversification.This study was conducted in Lilongwe District of Malawi to identify factors influencing adoption of agricultural diversity and particularly to test if farmer perceptions were among significant determinants of adoption of agricultural diversity. A survey of 424 randomly sampled households was conducted in 2016 and 2017. A Tobit model, having 16 possible determinants, was run against a holistic agricultural diversity index that combined number of crop, livestock, and fruit tree species and cropping patterns.The study found that farmer perceptions were among significant determinants of adoption of agricultural diversity. Some farmers perceived that they faced problems to find seeds of preferred varieties, droughts posed problems to farming; some crops produced good yields while other crops did not. Farmers with such perceptions were less likely to practice agricultural diversification. In addition to perceptions, engagement in off-farm sources of income also negatively affected agricultural diversity. Other factors, namely farmers’ access to land and credit, irrigation farming, selling of crops, ownership of radios, and farmer group membership fostered adoption of agricultural diversity.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR), Malawi
Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
University of Hohenheim, Germany
German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL)
Federal Office of Agriculture and Food (BLE)
2020-12-14
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202011262276
10.17170/kobra-202011262276
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 121, No 2 (2020); 277-288
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202011262276/1022
Copyright (c) 2020 Authors
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/2738
2017-06-21T12:21:38Z
jarts:ART
Improving non-communicable disease remediation outcomes in Tonga: the importance of domestic fruit production systems: an analysis
Underhill, Steven J.R.
Singh-Peterson, Lila
horticulture
Pacific, Tonga, horticulture, fruit, non-communicable disease, economic empowerment, food security, mutton flaps
Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are the leading cause of mortality in the Pacific Island nation of Tonga. Current remedial strategies have focused on promoting healthy food choices based on increased intake of fruits and vegetables. While researchers seek to overcome complex social, gender and cultural practices that impede dietary transition, discontinuous domestic fruit supply chains undermine this effort. With the view to supporting a more holistic approach to NCD remediation in Tonga, this paper provides a preliminary assessment of domestic horticultural supply chains constraints, in support of diversification and expansion of local fruit production. Current impediments and constraints to enhanced local fruit production are presented and possible strategies to increased domestic fruit supply discussed. We present a case for a more consumer-centric approach to industry development, with an emphasis on production systems that are compatible with existing social structures, customary land ownership constraints, and local nutritional needs.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
Dr Siosiua Halavatau, Mr Haniteli O. Fa’anunu, Dr Richard Beyer, Mr Roger Goebel.
2017-04-18
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017010351876
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2017010351876
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 118, No 1 (2017); 91-103
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017010351876/904
Copyright (c) 2017 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/665
2018-06-20T09:14:09Z
jarts:ART
Nitrogen requirements of cassava in selected soils of Thailand
Kaweewong, Jakchaiwat
Kongkaew, Thanuchai
Tawornprek, Saowanuch
Yampracha, Sukunya
Yost, Russell
Soil Science
Manihot esculenta; nitrogen response; economic dominance
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is one of the most important export crops in Thailand, yet the nitrogen requirement is unknown and not considered by growers and producers. Cassava requirements for N were determined in field experiments during a period of four years and four sites on the Satuk (Suk), Don Chedi (Dc), Pak Chong (Pc),and Ban Beung (BBg) soil series in Lopburi, Supanburi, Nakhon Ratchasima, and Chonburi sites, respectively. The fertilizer treatment structure comprised 0, 62.5, 125, 187.5, 250 and 312.5 kg N ha^(-1) as urea. At each site cassava was harvested at nine months and yield parameters and the minimum datasets were taken. The fertilizer rate which resulted in maximum yield ranged from 187.5 kg N ha^(-1) in Supanburi and Chonburi (fresh weight yield of 47,500 and 30,000 kg ha^(-1) respectively) to 250 kg N ha^(-1) in Lopburi and Nakhon Ratchasima (fresh weight yield of 64,100 and 46,700 kg ha^(-1) respectively). Yield appeared to decrease at the higher, 312 kg ha^(-1), at Supanburi and Lopburi, and 250 kg ha^(-1) (Chonburi) fertilizer N rates. Net revenue was 70.4 and 72.9 % higher than where no N was appliedLopburi and Nakhon Ratchasima sites. Net revenue at the Supanburi and Chonburi sites were 53.8 and 211.0 % higher than that where no N was applied. This study suggests that at all sites improved cassava production and net revenue could be obtained with the judicious application of higher quantities of N. The results provide needed guidance to nitrogen fertilization of the important industrial crop cassava in Thailand.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Institute of Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University
Ministry of Education Thailand
2013-08-09
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012112842216
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2012112842216
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 114, No 1 (2013); 13-19
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012112842216/425
oai:jarts.info:article/305
2013-04-16T21:31:52Z
jarts:ART
The Ri chicken breed and livelihoods in North Vietnam: characterization and prospects
Moula, Nassim
Luc, Do Duc
Dang, Pham Kim
Farnir, Frédéric
Ton, Vu Dinh
Binh, Dang Vu
Leroy, Pascal
Antoine-Moussiaux, Nicolas
Animal Husbandry, Agricultultural economics;
socio-economics ; biodiversity; chicken ; Ri ; Vietnam ; production
For the last twenty years, the consumption of poultry meat has boomed in Vietnam as in the rest of the developing world. Capital-intensive production has grown rapidly to satisfy this demand. Based on a few numbers of genetically uniform strains, these systems threaten biodiversity. In Vietnam, both rural and urban households still keep indigenous chickens as part of a diversified livelihood portfolio. In line with the national in situ conservation strategy, this study approached the context of local poultry keeping in two rural and one suburban districts of Northern Vietnam. It aimed at understanding households’ willingness, constraints and opportunities for practice improvement, including breeds’ management. As the Ri chicken constitutes the large majority of backyard flocks, two particular objectives of this study are the morpho-biometric characterisation of phenotypic diversity among individuals classified as Ri by farmers and an assessment of their productive potential. Chicken was found to hold a different place in livelihoods of the three districts with consequences on the management of genetic resources. The most favourable conditions for improvement of the Ri breed was found in the rural district of Luong-Son, due to market integration. In the more remote district of Ky-Son, living standards were lower and much would be gained from Ri conservation. Ri breed was the most threatened in the suburban Gia-Lam district, where poultry was a minor side-activity, lacking incentive for genetic management. From motives and constraints, tracks about breeding goals are suggested. Further considerations about conservation, improvement, market integration and livelihoods are proposed.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2012-01-13
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2011101139376
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2011101139376
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 112, No 1 (2011); 57–69
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2011101139376/144
oai:jarts.info:article/8
2016-04-04T15:09:20Z
jarts:ART
Perspectivas del Sector Cooperativo de Frutas y Hortalizas de la Unión Europea en el Contexto del Nuevo Modelo Europeo de Agricultura
Juliá Igual, Juan Fco.
Marí Vidal, Sergio
Agricultural Politics
In recent years, the fulfillment of trade agreements, such as The Uruguay Round, and the acceptance of competitiveness and multifunctionality in basic issues of agricultural development as a supplier of other kind of goods related with the environment, both have implied the dismantling of agricultural protection systems that altered free competitiveness in international markets.Also, European people are becoming more aware of organic products and “Integrated Production Systems” ensuring agricultural practices which are more respectful with the environment. The accomplishment and guarantee of such a group of agricultural practices might underlie protection mechanisms that use food safety and environmental respect as an excuse to keep competitors away of the European Market.In this sense, the agrarian associationism is without any doubt a necessary process to be able to respond to these new challenges making viable an agriculture model based on the Family Farms and as the European example shows, where the agrarian cooperatives have been the basic instrument for the development of the most efficient agricultures. At the same time, they present a clear syntony with the Common Agricultural Policy, before the new model of multifunctional agriculture, not only committed with taking place better, with quality and alimentary security, with the environment, with the territory, and with the rural development.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2002-11-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/8
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 103, No 2 (2002); 133-146
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/8/5
oai:jarts.info:article/109
2016-04-06T10:34:38Z
jarts:ART
The Profitability of Animal Husbandry Activities on Farms in Dry Farming Areas and the Interaction between Crop Production and Animal Husbandry: The Case of Ankara Province in Turkey
Tanrıvermis, Harun
Bülbül, Mehmet
Economics and Econometrics
production factors; crop-livestock interactions; relative profitability of livestock activities
This paper examines the linkages between livestock and crop farming activities and provides a comparative analysis of the profitability of different livestock activities in the highlands of Ankara. The data was collected from 52 sample farms in the Nallıhan, Aya¸s, Güdül and Beypazarı districts of Ankara by way of a questionnaire, where the farms have, on average, 20.7 ha of land and are thus regarded as small family farms. Insufficient irrigated land and working capital, weak market relations and the pressure of high population brings about a requirement to strengthen crop-livestock interaction. Production on the farms is generally carried out in extensive conditions, with goat, sheep and cattle husbandry in addition to crop production. Crop production makes up for 20.8% of the total gross production value on the farms. Of this figure, the entire yields of wheat, barley, pulses, straw and fodder crops are used for own consumption by the households, along with 74% of the wheat and 77% of the barley produced. The research results indicate that the current management systems may be defined as mixed farms in terms of crop–livestock linkages. The average total income of the households surveyed is 9,412.0 USD, of which 63.4% comes from farming activities. Every 1 USD invested in animal husbandry provides an income of 1.12 USD from dairy cattle breeding, 1.13 USD from Angora goat breeding, 1.16 USD from sheep breeding and 1.27 USD from ordinary goat breeding. It has been found that ordinary goat breeding, which provides the greatest relative profitability for the farms, offers many advantages, and that the transition from Angora goat breeding to ordinary goat breeding through the breeding of ordinary male goats into the Angora herd has occurred in recent years. The results of the survey indicate that supporting crop production with animal husbandry is considered a requirement in order to maintain economic and social sustainability in the farms and to support rural development.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2007-05-15
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/109
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 108, No 1 (2007); 59-78
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/109/100
oai:jarts.info:article/5223
2023-11-02T13:28:12Z
jarts:ART
Characterisation of the lactation curve of Gyr and Sardo Negro cattle
Domínguez-Viveros, Joel
Aguilar-Palma, Guadalupe Nelson
Juárez-Hernández, Luis Eduardo
Luna-Palomera, Carlos
Saiz-Pineda, Juan Fernando
Reyes-Cerón, Antonio
Villegas-Gutiérrez, Cesar
Animal Husbandry
tropical livestock, Bos indicus, milk production, nonlinear models, persistency
The objectives were to characterize the lactation curves (LC) of tropical Gyr and Sardo Negro (SN) cattle from Mexico for the design of breeding and management programs for these breeds. A total of 3561 records of 504 lactations and 3927 records of 449 lactations were used for Gyr and SN, respectively. Three lactation lengths (LL) were evaluated, namely 240 (240d), 270 (270d), and 300 (300d) days, with five non-linear models (NLM): Wood, Wiltmink, Cobby, Brody, and Sikka. Milk production was obtained at the beginning (PI; kg), daily average (PMD; kg), maximum at peak (PMX; kg), days to reach maximum production (DP), and accumulated total (PT; kg). The selection of models was made based in the Akaike and Bayesian information criteria. The NLM explained at least 88% of the variability in the data. Brody model provided the best fit for 240d and 270d, and Sikka for 300d in SN; for Gyr, Wood model showed the best fit for 240d and 270d, while Wiltmink had the best fit for 300d. The means for PMD were 5.3 kg in SN and 10.2 kg in Gyr; for PMX the averages were 6.9 kg and 12.7 kg, respectively. The average of PT, within LL (240d, 270d, and 300d), was 1297 kg, 1418 kg, and 1552 kg for SN, and 2653 kg, 2930 kg, and 3202 kg for Gyr, respectively. The first third of the LC presented the highest contribution (%), with average values of 37.4 in Gyr and 39.5 in SN; the second and third periods, contributed (%) 33.5 and 29.1 in Gyr, and 33.0 and 27.5 in SN, respectively. The 240d LL, are the proposals for the design of management, feeding, and genetic improvement programs, they presented the best statistical adjustment in both breeds.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2023-07-15
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202306128206
10.17170/kobra-202306128206
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 124, No 1 (2023); 93-100
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202306128206/1093
Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/3981
2020-07-08T15:19:55Z
jarts:ART
Income diversification trough animal husbandry for smallholder vanilla farmers in Madagascar
Kunz, Stefanie
Hänke, Hendrik
Schlecht, Eva
Animal Husbandry; Agricultural Economics.
Livelihood diversification, Gross margin, Pigs, Poultry, Vanilla production, Zebu cattle
The SAVA region in northeastern Madagascar is the largest vanilla producing area globally. Here, we investigated the role of animal husbandry (AH) for income diversification of small-scale vanilla farmers. To do this, 300 household heads were interviewed about livestock ownership, management and marketing. This information was complemented by data from 1800 households (HHs) on involvement in vanilla production (VP) and AH. Throughout the region, 83 % of HHs produced vanilla and 84 % kept livestock. Chicken-keeping (72 %) was most prominent, followed by keeping zebus (42 %), ducks (22 %) and pigs (13 %). A moderate correlation existed between VP and AH in general (r=0.356; p 0.01) and between VP and chicken-keeping (r=0.324; p 0.05), but none between VP and zebu or pig-keeping. Buying, fattening and reselling one zebu cattle yielded a price span of 9 % relative to the purchasing price, while a plus of 275 % was achieved for purchasing, fattening and reselling a pig. For chicken and ducks, the respective increase in monetary value amounted to 33 % and 49 %. Relating these price spans to the total annual income of a vanilla-producing HH revealed a potential income contribution of AH of up to 18.4 % in case of selling offspring from own cattle and 5 % or less for selling a pig or a chicken. Against the current high vanilla prices, small-scale AH is therefore an only moderately effective income diversification strategy for vanilla farmers in the SAVA region but might contribute to food security. However, in situations of low to intermediate vanilla prices AH most likely plays a more important role and might increase vanilla farmers´ resilience to income shocks.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
VolkswagenStiftung Hannover, Germany
2020-05-07
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202004061143
10.17170/kobra-202004061143
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 121, No 1 (2020); 63-75
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202004061143/997
Copyright (c) 2020 Authors
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/2305
2018-06-20T09:00:02Z
jarts:ART
In vitro efficacy of selected medicinal plants from Cholistan desert, Pakistan, against gastrointestinal helminths of sheep and goats
Raza, Muhammad Asif
Younas, Muhammad
Schlecht, Eva
Animal health
anthelmintic activity, Haemonchus contortus, LC50, small ruminants, Trichuris ovis, Paramphistomum cervi
Gastrointestinal helminths are a major constraint to small ruminants in extensive husbandry systems of tropical regions. Yet, unavailability, high prices, side effects, and development of parasite resistance often limit the use of synthetic anthelmintics. Traditional medicinal plants might be an effective low-cost alternative. Therefore the in vitro anthelmintic activity of leaf extracts of the ligneous plants Capparis decidua, Salsola foetida, Suaeda fruticosa, Haloxylon salicornicum, and Haloxylon recurvum from Cholistan, Pakistan, was investigated against adult worms of Haemonchus contortus, Trichuris ovis, and Paramphistomum cervi. Various concentrations (from 7.8 to 500 mg dry matter ml^(−1)) of three extracts (aqueous, methanol, and aqueous-methanol) of each plant were tested at different time intervals for their anthelmintic activity via adult motility assay.Plant species (p =0.01), extract type (p =0.001), parasite species (p =0.001), extract concentration (p =0.001), time of exposure (p =0.001) and their interactions (p =0.001) affected the number of immobile or dead helminths. The 50% lethal concentration (LC_(50)) values indicated that the methanol and aqueous-methanol extracts of C. decidua, H. recurvum, and H. salicornicum as well as the methanol extract of S. fruticosa have the potential to be developed into plant-based remedies against the studied helminths. Further studies are needed to investigate the in vivo anthelmintic activity of these extracts, in order to develop effective, cheap and locally available anthelmintics for pastoralists in Cholistan and neighbouring desert regions.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2016-10-03
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016092050900
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2016092050900
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 117, No 2 (2016); 211-224
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016092050900/884
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/75
2016-04-06T08:40:21Z
jarts:ART
Interaction between Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) and Intercropped Herbs under Field Conditions in the Sierra Norte of Puebla, Mexico
Pacheco Bustos, Alex
Pohlan, H. Jürgen
Schulz, Margot
Agronomy and Crop Science
allelopathy; herbs; caffeine uptake; intercropping systems; mint; oregano; sage; basil
Caffeine released from decaying seeds and leaves accumulates in a soluble form in the soil. The compound is known to inhibit mitosis, reduce the access of nutrients and water to surrounding plants which is one of limiting problems in intercropped coffee plantations. The allelopathic interactions between coffee (Coffea arabica L.) and mint (Mentha piperita L.), basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and sage (Salvia officinalis L.) could be a diversification alternative and extra income activity for coffee growers outside the harvest period that could cope with high levels of caffeine in the soil. We tested the interaction of the proposed system (2004 – 2005) in rural area of Puebla State, Mexico. The results demonstrate that intercropping sage, spearmint, basil and oregano stimulate the plagiotropic growth of Coffea arabica plants most effectively in young production systems, through volatile essential oils. Intercropping basil, sage, spearmint and oregano in coffee plantations seems to be a promising approach for higher income and increasing yield and quality production in coffee farms.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2008-04-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/75
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 109, No 1 (2008); 85-93
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/75/68
oai:jarts.info:article/123
2013-04-16T21:32:53Z
jarts:ART
The role of NGO in informal seed production and dissemination: The case of eastern Ethiopia
Beyene, Fekadu
Agricultultural economics; Rural development
seed systems; informal exchanges; seed dissemination; Ethiopia
Seed is the basic input to crop production. Farmer-based seed production as an alternative agricultural technology transfer is increasingly given especial attention in developing countries where food insecurity is critical. This paper aims to assess the seed production and dissemination strategy among smallholder farmers in eastern Ethiopia that has been introduced by Hararghe Catholic Secretariat (a Non-GovernmentalOrganization). A survey of 160 households in four administrative districts and focus group discussions were used to collect data. While narratives helped understand the process, logistic regressionwas used to identify determinants of land allocation to seed production. Results indicate the crucial role of informal networks and social capital as facilitators of access to production inputs, information and knowledge. The informal seed supply system initiated by the NGO has a huge potential to benefit smallholder farmers by improving their access to higher-yielding varieties of various crops, thereby contributing to an increase in their wellbeing. However, the traditional practice of seed exchange, influenced by social relations, will remain uneconomical to seed producers. Thus, the paper suggests that this potential can be further exploited if some preconditions such as establishment of seed banks, investment in human capital, removal of the underlying constraints and creation of reliable seed markets are given emphasis.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
Hararghe Catholic Secretariat
2011-10-06
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/x-pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2010091334547
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2010091334547
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 111, No 2 (2010); 79-88
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2010091334547/130
oai:jarts.info:article/100
2010-05-13T20:36:58Z
jarts:ART
Influence of Cereal-Legume Rotation on Striga Control and Maize Grain Yield in Farmers’ Fields in the Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria
Kureh, I.
Kamara, A. Y.
Tarfa, B. D.
Agronomy and Crop Science
maize; soybean; cowpea; cereal-legume rotation; intercropping; Striga
On-farm trials were conducted in 2001, 2002, and 2003 in the northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria to evaluate integrated Striga hermonthica control measures under farmermanaged conditions. These included intercropping a Striga-resistant maize variety with cowpea for 3 years and also cropping this maize in rotation with legume trap crops - soybean and cowpea for 1-2 two years. Intercropping Striga-tolerant maize variety, Acr. 97TZL Comp. 1-W, with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) consistently reduced Striga infestation in maize relative to continuously cropped sole maize over the threeyear period. Maize grain yield was lower in the intercrop than in the sole maize plot probably due to competition from cowpea. However, because of the high value of cowpea in the intercrop, crop value for this system was higher than sole cropped maize. Legume-maize rotation reduced Striga infestation by 35% after one year of legumes in the rotation and by 76% after two years of legumes in the rotation. Soybean was more effective in reducing Striga infestation and also gave higher maize grain yield than cowpea. The rotation of these two legumes with maize had clear advantage over continuously cropped maize. Farmers should therefore be encouraged to adopt the introduction of grain legumes into the cereal cropping systems of the Nigerian savanna.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2006-04-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/100
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-100
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 107, No 1 (2006); 41-54
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/100/91
oai:jarts.info:article/5149
2023-11-07T09:13:59Z
jarts:ART
Contribution of dairy goat farming to household dietary diversity among smallholder farmers in the Central Highlands of Kenya
Njue, Priscilla Nyaguthii
Isaboke, Hezron Nyarindo
Migose, Salome Atieno
Agicultural economics; Nutrition
Food security, Nearest neighbour matching, Optimal diets, Propensity score matching
In Kenya, dairy goat farming has highly been practiced for food provision and as an income-generating enterprise. However, there is scanty information on the contribution of dairy goat farming to the quality of diets consumed at household level especially among rural smallholder farmers. This study therefore analysed the contribution of dairy goat farming to household dietary diversity of the smallholder farmers. Data was collected at the end of the wet season (April-May) from a sample of 385 households in Kirinyaga County, using structured questionnaires programmed in the KoboToolbox. Household dietary diversity scores (HDDS) was used as a measure for food security, where 12 food groups commonly consumed in the area were considered. Propensity to score matching (PSM) with a probit regression framework was used to minimize the selection bias while determining the effect that dairy goat farming (treatment) had on dietary diversity. The nearest neighbour matching (NNM) estimated the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT). Results revealed that vegetables, cereals, beverages, fats and oils were consumed more compared to meat, fish and eggs. Age, gender, title deed ownership, and monthly household income significantly influenced the likelihood of practicing dairy goat farming. The ATT showed that dairy goat farmers had higher HDDS by 1.014, an implication of diversified diets. The results suggest that dairy goat farming should be encouraged and improved among smallholder farmers in an effort to minimize malnutrition. Besides, there is need to conduct training on the optimal intake of the different food groups.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
Department of Agriculture and Livestock, Kirinyaga County
Dairy Goat Association of Kenya, Kirinyaga County
Hezron Isaboke, University of Embu
Salome Migose, University of Embu
2023-02-21
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202302217524
10.17170/kobra-202302217524
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 124, No 1 (2023); 1-11
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202302217524/1083
Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/3538
2020-01-13T13:30:22Z
jarts:ART
Responses of Filipino farmers to harsh weather phenomena: A risk perception and attitude study
Veridiano de Castro, Nicole Alexia
Dagamac, Nikki Heherson A.
Tapia, Maricel A.
Rural Economy; Farm management
Adaptation, coping mechanisms, correlation analysis, resilience, survey
Small-scale farmers, whose livelihood and food security greatly depends on farming, are constantly exposed and vulnerable to the risks of extreme weather events. The current study explored how the perception and attitude on agricultural risks of small-scale farmers from the upland, lowland and waterside ecosystems in Siniloan, Laguna in Philippines influence the way they respond and cope with extreme weather events. The study employed quantitative and qualitative data collection methods particularly farm surveys, focus group discussions, key informant interviews and secondary data from the office of the municipal agriculturist. The small-scale farmer-respondents recognised that they were exposed and at risk of extreme weather events and perceived climate as a major farming risk (85 %). However, pest and diseases (not climate) was perceived as the biggest risk to their production (94 %). The respondents had a risk-neutral attitude towards extreme weather events and tended to have ‘band-aid’ solutions to the impacts and tolerated the outcome. Based on correlation, the perceptions and attitudes of the small-scale farmers were influenced by socioeconomic factors that generally identified the experiences, roles and spending power of the farmer namely age, education, household size, income, land ownership, farm size and farming experience. The risk perception and risk attitude on various extreme weather events influenced the small-scale farmers’ agricultural practices, such as farm decisions. Therefore, risk perception, risk attitude and socioeconomic factors of the farmers are important factors to consider in risk management strategies for the local agricultural sector of the Philippines. Raising awareness and education on effective adaptation strategies and improved climate forecasting are recommended to minimize losses from extreme weather events.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
Nguyen Thi Thu Huong, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry
John Carlo R. Santos, University of the Philippines Los Baños
2019-12-17
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20191212866
10.17170/kobra-20191212866
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 120, No 2 (2019); 205-217
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20191212866/987
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/downloadSuppFile/20191212866/1702
Copyright (c) 2019 Authors
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/597
2016-06-10T14:36:12Z
jarts:ART
Determinants of technical efficiency of freshwater prawn farming in southwestern Bangladesh
Begum, Mst. Esmat Ara
Nastis, Stefanos A.
Papanagiotou, Evangelos
Aquaculture, Agricultural Economics
Bangladesh, prawn farming, technical efficiency, translog stochastic frontier production function
This paper estimates a translog stochastic production function to examine the determinants of technical efficiency of freshwater prawn farming in Bangladesh. Primary data has been collected using random sampling from 90 farmers of three villages in southwestern Bangladesh. Prawn farming displayed much variability in technical efficiency ranging from 9.50 to 99.94% with mean technical efficiency of 65%, which suggested a substantial 35% of potential output can be recovered by removing inefficiency. For a land scarce country like Bangladesh this gain could help increase income and ensure better livelihood for the farmers. Based on the translog production function specification, farmers could be made scale efficient by providing more input to produce more output. The results suggest that farmers’ education and non-farm income significantly improve efficiency whilst farmers’ training, farm distance from the water canal and involvement in fish farm associations reduces efficiency. Hence, the study proposes strategies such as less involvement in farming-related associations and raising the effective training facilities of the farmers as beneficial adjustments for reducing inefficiency. Moreover, the key policy implication of the analysis is that investment in primary education would greatly improve technical efficiency.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2016-04-04
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/597
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2016020149815
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 117, No 1 (2016); 99-112
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/597/869
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/65
2016-04-06T08:36:30Z
jarts:ART
Phosphate Sorption Characteristics and External P Requirements of Selected South African Soils
Gichangi, E. M.
Mnkeni, P. N. S.
Muchaonyerwa, P.
Soil Science; Agronomy and Crop Science
External P requirement; P-sorption; Single point sorption test; Citrate dithionite bicarbonate-extractable aluminum; South Africa
The Transkei is the largest consolidated area in South Africa where land is held by smallholder farmers but little is known about the extent of phosphate fixation in the region. This study was conducted to determine the phosphate sorption properties and external P requirements (EPR) of selected soils from the Transkei region, South Africa and to relate derived sorption values to selected soil parameters. The P sorption maxima and EPR values varied widely ranging from 192.3 to 909.1 mg P kg−1 and from 2 to 123 mg P kg−1−1 soil, respectively. Citrate dithionite bicarbonate-extractable aluminum explained most of the observed variations in P sorption. About 43% of the soils were found to be moderate P fixers and may need management interventions to ensure adequate P availability to crops. The single point sorption index accurately predicted the EPR of the soils obviating the need to use multiple point sorption isotherms. The results suggested that the use of blanket phosphate fertilizer recommendations may not be a good strategy for the region as it may lead to under-application or over-application of P in some areas.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2008-11-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/65
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 109, No 2 (2008); 139-149
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/65/59
oai:jarts.info:article/4197
2021-12-31T15:56:33Z
jarts:ART
Forage diversity and fertiliser adoption in Napier grass production among smallholder dairy farmers in Kenya
Njarui, Donald M.G.
Gatheru, Mwangi
Ndubi, Jessica M.
Gichangi, Anne W.
Murage, Alice W.
Binary logistic, Diary cattle, Forage diversification, Livestock production, Smallholder farmers, Sown forages
Feed scarcity is one of the major challenges affecting smallholder dairy production in Kenya. Forages are the foundation of livestock nutritional requirements; forage diversification and fertiliser are intensification options that can increase productivity. A sample of 316 and 313 smallholder farmers were surveyed in eastern midlands and central highlands of Kenya, respectively, to establish the types of forages cultivated and the factors that influence fertiliser adoption in Napier grass (Cenchrus purpureus Schumach.) production. Independent t-tests were applied to compare the effect of continuous variables on social economic and institutional characteristics between adopters and non-adopters on fertiliser and area allocated to different forages. Chi-square tests were used to compare nominal variables for the proportion of farmers growing different forages, criteria they consider in selection of suitable forages, and social economic and institutional characteristics of adopters and non-adopters of fertiliser. Binary logistic regression was used to determine factors that influence fertiliser adoption. The study revealed that forage diversification was low with Napier grass being the only forage cultivated by most farmers (~90%). Urochloa (Urochloa spp), Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Kunth.) and Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus Jaq.) were cultivated by less than 11% of farmers. The fertiliser adoption rate was high (77%) and was influenced by gender of household head, membership of groups, access to extension services and labour. Future research should focus on promoting of forage diversification and investigate quantity and fertiliser application regimes in order to enable development of appropriate advisory services.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
EU Horozon 2020, KALRO
2021-11-10
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202110274962
10.17170/kobra-202110274962
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 122, No 2 (2021); 245-256
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202110274962/1047
Copyright (c) 2021 Authors
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/3140
2018-07-02T09:22:06Z
jarts:ART
Bionomics of the sweet potato weevil, Cylas puncticollis (Coleoptera: Brentidae) on four different sweet potato varieties in sub-Saharan Africa
Adom, Médétissi
Wilson, David Dama
Fening, Ken Okwae
Bruce, Anani Yaovi
Adofo, Kwadwo
Agriculture; crop science; Agricultural Entomology; Cescience;
host plant resistance, integrated pest management, life table parameters, susceptibility
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is an important staple food crop in sub-Saharan Africa. A limiting production factor is infestation by the sweet potato weevil Cylas puncticollis (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Brentidae). The use of host plant resistance is an essential component of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Therefore, the bionomic parameters of C. puncticollis were studied under laboratory conditions (30 ± 1 °C and 75 ± 5 % RH) on four sweet potato varieties commonly grown in Ghana (Apumoden, Ligri, Bohye, and Okumkom) to determine their susceptibility to the pest. There were significant varietal differences between some of the parameters. Egg to adult development time was highest on Okumkom while larval survival, emergence rate, intrinsic rate of increase, and the net reproductive rate were lowest on Bohye. The results of this study indicate that Bohye was the least susceptible variety compared to the other varieties tested and can be used in host plant resistance as part of an IPM programme against C. puncticollis in Ghana.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Crops Research Institute (CSIR-CRI)
Dr. Fritz Schulthess
2018-05-07
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2018010454142
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2018010454142
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 119, No 1 (2018); 55-63
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2018010454142/937
Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/1139
2018-06-20T09:10:20Z
jarts:ART
Symptoms and causes of poverty in a rural Vietnamese commune: Does ethnicity matter?
Le, Van
Lyne, Michael
Ratna, Nazmun
Nuthall, Peter
Agricultural Economics
ethnicity, poverty, rural Vietnam, social capital
This study uses data from a sample survey of 200 households drawn from a mountainous commune in Vietnam’s North Central Coast region to measure and explain relative poverty. Principal components analysis is used to construct a multidimensional index of poverty outcomes from variables measuring household income and the value of domestic assets. This index of poverty is then regressed on likely causes of poverty including different forms of resource endowment and social exclusion defined by gender and ethnicity. The ordinary least squares estimates indicate that poverty is indeed influenced by ethnicity, partly through its interaction with social capital. However, poverty is most strongly affected by differences in human and social capital. Differences in the amount of livestock and high quality farmland owned also matter. Thai households are poorer than their Kinh counterparts even when endowed with the same levels of human, social, physical and natural capital considered in the study. This empirical result provides a rationale for further research on the causal relationship between ethnicity and poverty outcomes.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
Ministry of Education, Vietnam
2014-12-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2014121946863
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2014121946863
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 115, No 2 (2014); 67-77
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2014121946863/813
oai:jarts.info:article/516
2014-10-31T16:35:57Z
jarts:ART
Varying the dietary supply of C and N to manipulate the manure composition of water buffalo heifers in Oman
Al-Asfoor, Husam
Schlecht, Eva
Sundrum, Albert
Schiborra, Anne
Animal Husbandry
Bubalus bubalis; dietary manipulation; manure composition; dietary C; dietary N; Oman
Optimizing the composition of manure has the potential to reduce nutrient losses to the environment and to increase crop yields. In this study the effect of dietary ratios of carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) to soluble carbohydrates (SC) on faeces composition of water buffalo heifers was assessed. Two digestibility trials were conducted with 12 animals each, fed one control and four test diets composed to achieve (1) high C/N and high NDF/SC ratios (HH), (2) low C/N and low NDF/SC ratios (LL), (3) high C/N and low NDF/SC ratios (HL) and (4) low C/N and high NDF/SC (LH) ratios. Faecal C/N ratios were generally lower than dietary C/N ratios, but the reduction was especially large for high C/N ratio diets (HH=55 %, HL=51 %). Faecal N concentration was positively correlated (r^2 = 0.6; P 0.001) with N intake, but the increase in faecal N was more pronounced for diets that supplied low amounts of N. Faecal NDF concentration was positively related to NDF intake (r^2 = 0.42; P 0.001), as well as the faecal C/N ratio (r^2 = 0.3; P 0.001). Results demonstrate that C/N ratio and NDF concentration of buffalo manure were affected by diet composition. Diets with high C/N ratio and low NDF/SC ratio are preferable with regard to manure quality, but may not satisfy the nutritional requirements of producing animals, since N concentration in these diets was low and fibre concentration simultaneously high.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
Royal Court Affairs, Oman
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Research Training Group 1397
2013-03-02
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012092441809
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2012092441809
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 113, No 2 (2012); 125-136
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012092441809/192
oai:jarts.info:article/31
2016-04-06T08:15:43Z
jarts:ART
Anmerkungen zur Entwicklung des Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics
Wolff, Peter
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics; Der Tropenlandwirt; Der Deutsche Kulturpionier
In der zweiten Jahreshälfte 2009 scheidet der langjährige geschäftsführende Schriftleiter des Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics, Dipl.-Ing. Hans Hemann, aus der Redaktion dieser Zeitschrift aus. In Würdigung der geleisteten Arbeit erfolgt in dem vorgelegten Artikel eine Dokumentation der Entwicklung der Zeitschrift von ihren Anfängen als Alumni-Zeitschrift bis zur heutigen international anerkannten Fachzeitschrift. Prof. Ernst Albert Fabarius, der Mitbegründer und erster Direktor der Deutschen Kolonialschule in Witzenhausen schuf die Zeitschrift zur Information und Kontaktpflege mit den Absolventen, den Freunden und Gönnern der Lehranstalt. Erst nach seinem Tod 1927 kam es zu vorsichtigen Versuchen der Zeitschrift einen mehr fachlichen Charakter zu verleihen, ohne dabei allerdings die Aufgabe des Kontaktes zu den Absolventen, Freunden und Gönnern aus dem Auge zu verlieren. Der Übergang von der Alumni-Zeitschrift zur Fachzeitschrift für die Landwirtschaft in den Tropen und Subtropen wurde 1966 vollzogen, nach dem die Lehranstalt ihren Betrieb wieder aufgenommen hatte. Aus dem Deutschen Kulturpionier wurde Der Tropenlandwirt. Im Jahre 1994 fusionierte die Zeitschrift mit Beiträge zur tropischen Landwirtschaft und Veterinärmedizin, der bis dahin von dem Institut für Tropische Landwirtschaft der Universität Leipzig herausgegebenen Fachzeitschrift. Als schließlich der Kreis der Leser und der Autoren zunehmend aus dem internationalen Umfeld kam, erfolgte die Umstellung auf eine überwiegend englischsprachige Fachzeitschrift. Der Name wurde entsprechend in Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics geändert. Hans Hemann hat neben der oft mühsamen Redaktionsarbeit diese Entwicklung von 1979 bis 2009 mitgetragen und vor allem die verschiedenen Änderungen umgesetzt.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2010-05-03
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/31
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 110, No 2 (2009); 97-105
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/31/28
oai:jarts.info:article/89
2016-04-06T08:12:07Z
jarts:ART
Integrated Use of Farmyard Manure and NP fertilizers for Maize on Farmers’ Fields
Negassa, Wakene
Gebrekidan, Heluf
Friesen, D. K.
Agronomy and Crop Science
farmyard manure; integrated nutrient management; NP fertilizers; residual effects; Ethiopia
A study was initiated in 1997 to introduce the culture of supplementing low rates of NP fertilizers with farmyard manure (FYM) in the maize based farming system of western Oromia. The treatments were 0/0, 20/20, 40/25 and 60/30 kg N/P ha−1 and 0, 4, 8, and 12 t FYM ha−1 in factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experiment was conducted at Laga Kalla, Walda, Shoboka, Harato, and Bako Research Center using BH-660 hybrid maize. The FYM used for the experiment was well decomposed under shade and spot applied together with the P fertilizer at planting; N was applied in split form. The residual effects of FYM were investigated for Laga Kalla, Walda and Shoboka during the 1998 cropping season. Statistical analysis revealed that the N/P fertilizers and FYM significantly (p 0.05) increased grain yield in all locations except for Walda in 1997. Interactions of FYM and NP fertilizer rates were significant (p ≤ 0.05) at all locations except for Shoboka. The application of FYM alone at rates of 4, 8, and 12 t ha−1 produced average grain yields of 5.76, 5.61 and 5.93 t ha−1, respectively, compared to 3.53 t ha−1 for the control treatment in 1997. There were significant residual effects of FYM and NP fertilizers applied in 1997 on maize grain yields in 1998. Laboratory analysis confirmed that considerable amounts of macronutrients and small amounts of micronutrients were supplied by FYM. Based on the results of this study, the integrated use of properly managed FYM and low rates NP fertilizers could be used for maize production in the areas under consideration. Moreover, sole applications of FYM on relatively fertile soils like Walda and Harato are useful in maintaining soil fertility and are encouraging for resource poor farmers.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2005-11-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/89
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 106, No 2 (2005); 131-141
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/89/82
oai:jarts.info:article/2803
2017-06-21T12:21:38Z
jarts:ART
Discriminating the quality of local pork from crossbred pork from extensive production of ethnic minorities in mountainous northern Vietnam
Muth, Philipp C.
Markemann, André
Huyen, Le T. T.
Zárate, Anne Valle
Animal Husbandry; Food Science
fatty acid composition, meat quality, niche pork market, pig genetic resources, rural development, smallholder pig production
Developing short food supply chains for products from local pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) breeds may offer chances for smallholders in rural areas to participate in niche markets and obtain additional income. Because the authenticity and distinctness of products are crucial for establishing marketing, this study compared selected product characteristics of pork from the Vietnamese Ban breed with pork from crossbreds, each derived at their typical market weight and from their respective extensive and semi-extensive production environment; thus resembling the combination, the products are available for customers. Traditional Ban pork could be effectively discriminated from crossbred pork through cut dimensions, exemplified by the significantly reduced loin eye area (P 0.001), and by the significantly reduced backfat thickness (P 0.001). Also, marbling fat was significantly decreased in local pork (P 0.001), whereas differences in further meat quality parameters were rather weakly expressed. The significantly higher share of polyunsaturated fatty acids in loins of traditionally produced Ban pigs (P = 0.003) could possibly result in a preferred nutritional value, but lower oxidative stability of the products. This study provides novel information to improve the marketing of specialty pork in Vietnam and comparable situations in the Southeast Asian Massif.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft), Bonn, Germany
2017-03-07
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017010351833
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2017010351833
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 118, No 1 (2017); 45-57
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017010351833/899
Copyright (c) 2017 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/4779
2023-02-21T20:51:31Z
jarts:ART
Use of corncob biochar and urea for pakchoi (Brassica rapa l.) cultivation: Short-term impact of pyrolysis temperature and fertiliser dose on plant growth and yield
Haryanto, Agus
Megasepta, Riri
Wisnu, Febryan Kusuma
Asmara, Sandi
Hasanudin, Udin
Hidayat, Wahyu
Triyono, Sugeng
Agricultural Engineering; Biological and Bio System Engineering; Environment Science and Engineering
Biochar, Canopy, Crop yield, Number of leaves, Water productivity
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pyrolysis temperature of corncob biochar as a soil amendment and urea fertiliser on the growth and yield of pakchoi. Pakchoi was cultivated in pots (13 cm height, 19 cm upper diameter, and 13.5 cm bottom diameter). Two factors including pyrolysis temperature of biochar and urea dose were combined with four levels each. Pyrolysis temperature factor consisted of B0 (no biochar), B1 (250 °C), B2 (300 °C), and B3 (350 °C). Urea dose consisted of F0 (no urea), F1 (0.6 g pot–1), F2 (1.2 g pot–1), and F3 (1.8 g pot–1). All treatment combinations were randomly designed in triplicates. The amount of biochar was 90 g with total growing media of 3000 g. The results showed that pyrolysis temperature influenced significantly (a = 0.05) growth parameters, fresh yield, and water productivity. Pyrolysis temperature of 350 °C resulted in the highest growth and production with average yield of 30.6 g pot–1, water productivity of 10.09 g cm–3, and fertiliser productivity of 27.59-53.39 g g–1 depending on the dose. In order to have optimal benefits, biochar application should be combined with fertiliser application.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2022-10-18
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202210116963
10.17170/kobra-202210116963
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 123, No 2 (2022); 189-195
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202210116963/1072
Copyright (c) 2022 Author(s)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/3374
2019-11-19T17:17:05Z
jarts:ART
Socio-economic, political, and institutional sustainability of agroforestry in Alta Verapaz, Guatemala
Nicli, Sara
Mantilla-Contreras, Jasmin
Moya Fernandez, Roberto Waldemar
Schermer, Markus
Unger, David
Wolf, Saskia
Zerbe, Stefan
Agroforestry; Agricultultural economics
cardamom, cocoa, infrastructure, smallholdings, sustainable rural livelihood, vanilla
Promoting sustainable agricultural practices such as agroforestry (AF) could improve long-term productivity, enhance a sustainable rural livelihood and reduce pressure on natural resources and ecosystems in the tropics. However, AF seems to have adoption problems due to external market forces, lack of skills, financial resources and know-how ending in low flexibility and discontinuity of farmers in practicing AF. The objective of this study is to identify social, institutional, and economic factors that influence the adoption of AF on the household and community level, taking the region Alta Verapaz in Guatemala as a case study. Alta Verapaz is amongst the poorest regions in the country but also a tropical biodiversity hotspot where current agricultural practices are threatening forest environments and social development objectives. Our study explores how capital accessibility and institutional incentives are related to farmer’s livelihood sustainability and AF compositions. The methodology is composed by semi-structured interviews with nineteen farmers and field observations. The interviews have been analysed based on a qualitative content analysis by using the inductive category development. Based on these outcomes, the study found that human and economical capitals are favoured in communities were institutions are present especially through AF training offers, creation of farmers cooperatives and economic incentives. The role of institutions resulted to be crucial in the promotion of organic AF methods, forest protection and creation of long-term income. The combination of agricultural diversification with institutional incentives is one key livelihood strategy adopted by the farmers in order to achieve a socio-economic and ecological sustainability of their households. The further promotion of community forestry projects, expansion of networks and ongoing agricultural trainings as well as the diversification of agricultural systems could be beneficial for farmers in Alta Verapaz.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2019-11-19
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20190613561
10.17170/kobra-20190613561
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 120, No 1 (2019); 105-117
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20190613561/975
Copyright (c) 2019 Author(s)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/1973
2018-06-20T09:08:18Z
jarts:ART
How do domestic policies affect the integration of Ethiopian fertiliser markets with world markets?
Agbahey, Johanes Uriel Ibidjola
Luckmann, Jonas
Grethe, Harald
Alamirew Alemu, Bamlaku
Agricultural economics
agricultural policy, Ethiopia, fertiliser use, price transmission, vector error correction models
Frequent shifts in policy on fertiliser markets have occurred in Ethiopia with the aim of facilitating both physical and economic access of farmers to fertiliser. The last shift was the introduction of a monopoly on each stage of the supply chain in 2008. Furthermore, government control of prices and margins as well as stockholding programmes are also present on the markets. This paper evaluates the effect of these policies on the integration of domestic with world markets of fertiliser, using cointegration methods. Time series data of diammonium phosphate (DAP) and urea prices on world, import and retail markets between 1971 and 2012 are used. The findings show high transmission of price signals from world markets to import prices for both DAP and urea. However, between import and retail prices there is no evidence of cointegration for urea, while for DAP full price transmission is concluded. In the retail market, domestic transaction costs associated with storing large volumes of fertiliser act as a buffer between import and retail prices, especially for urea. Therefore, economic benefits could be achieved by reducing the size of stocks and revising the demand estimation process.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
Foundation fiat panis
Francis Shitawa, Arndt Feuerbacher
Samuel Mburu
2015-11-26
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2015111149311
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2015111149311
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 116, No 2 (2015); 213-226
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2015111149311/857
oai:jarts.info:article/56
2016-04-06T08:02:37Z
jarts:ART
Determinants of Land Contracts and Efficiency in Ethiopia: The Case of Libokemkem District of Amhara Region
Ayele, Gezahegn
Mamo, Tekalign
Socio-Economics; Development
land contracts; efficiency; land tenure policies; Ethiopia; Libokemkem
The land policy reform that took place in the 1990s in northern Ethiopia has resulted in various forms of land contracts and efficiency. As a policy measure, sale of land is officially prohibited while leasing and inheritance are allowed in one form or another. This paper attempts to assess the efficiency of the different forms of tenure arrangements emerging in Libokemkem district of the Amhara region, northern Ethiopia, and their implication for land tenure policies. With the help of maximum likelihood estimates the effect of various factors on total operated fields was examined. The maximum likelihood result indicates that oxen ownership, family size, age, and total income determine the total cultivated land. It was also shown that choice of crops (tef and wheat) resulted in positive estimates indicating that crop types determine the land area operated. Choice of tenure arrangement on the other hand depends on livestock units, large family size and food shortages, and access to markets. This finding calls for a kind of intervention, which can support operation of informal land markets to be more efficient than the prevailing situation.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2004-11-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/56
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 105, No 2 (2004); 139-147
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/56/50
oai:jarts.info:article/4465
2021-06-29T11:30:55Z
jarts:ART
Growth performance and immunological response of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juveniles reared in biofloc system
Popoola, Omoniyi Michael
Oguntade, Samuel Temitayo
Adebayo, Olabode Thomas
Aquculture biotechnology
Aquaculture, Food production, Immune system, Lysozyme, Myeloperoxidase
This study was conducted to examine the growth and immune performance of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juveniles cultured in a biofloc fish farming system. To achieve this, 900 C. gariepinus juveniles (9.0 ± 0.23 g) were cultured in an intensive zero water exchange biofloc system for 72 days in 9 separate tanks (2 m3 each) aerated by an air blower, after which growth assessment of fish was conducted. The trial consisted of three treatments in triplicates, a control without carbon source addition, and two biofloc treatments with carbon source addition of rice bran or cassava flour. The two carbon sources added had a C/N rate of 15:1 to form the floc. The results showed no significant difference between dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and temperature in all the treatments, however, conductivity, total dissolved solids, and salinity showed significant differences between the bioflocs and control treatments and the treatment group. Nevertheless, the obtained values for the water parameters were within the range required for culturing C. gariepinus. Survival rate of catfish was significantly higher in the biofloc culture with a cassava carbon source (98.3%) compared with the control experiment (64.3 %). Weight gain of the fish was highest in rice bran based biofloc (44.9 ± 3.00 g) and lowest (37.0 ± 4.15 g) in the control treatment. The non-specific immune assay revealed that monocytes, serum lysozyme, and myeloperoxidase were higher in the biofloc treated groups compared to the control group. In contrast, neutrophils' percentage was lower in the treated groups than in the control group. Therefore, this study demonstrated the suitability of biofloc as an aquaculture wastewater purifier, growth-promoting, and immune-enhancing technology for the small-scale culture of C. gariepinus.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
Tertiary Education Trust Fund/ Federal University of Technology,Akure, Nigeria
2021-06-08
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202105253967
10.17170/kobra-202105253967
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 122, No 1 (2021); 137-145
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202105253967/1037
Copyright (c) 2021 Authors
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/2861
2018-01-03T17:08:13Z
jarts:ART
The effect of feeding restriction with cassava flour on carcass composition of broilers
Toukourou, Youssouf
Issifou, Dassouki Sidi
Alkoiret, Ibrahim Traore
Paraïso, Armand
Mensah, Guy Appolinaire
Animal Husbandry
broiler, cassava flour, carcass productivity, compensatory growth
In order to promote poultry farming in resource-limited rural areas, the effects of feeding restriction with cassava flour on the carcass composition of broilers was studied. After three weeks on a restrictive diet (step 1), the broilers were re-fed during four weeks according to their physiological needs (step 2). In total, 75 four-weeks old chicks were randomly divided into three lots of 25 subjects. Lot I (control) is fed without cassava flour. The lots II and III are fed with diets containing respectively 10 and 30 % of cassava flour, with energetic and protein density of 85 and 70 % of the control. Eight broilers of each lot have been randomly selected and slaughtered at the end of each step. At the end of the restrictive step, the carcass yields and the weights of the digestive tracts are 67.1, 66.3, and 64.7 % and 178.5, 170.0, and 113.3 g respectively for the lots I, II, and III with a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between lot I and III and then between lots II and III. After 4 weeks of re-feeding, the lots I, II, and III had respectively 69.9, 73.2, and 67.7 % of carcass yield as well as digestive tract weights of 178.3, 180.8, and 156.0 g. The carcass yield had been entirely made up (p ≥ 0.05) to the broilers previously submitted on a restrictive diet. However, the weight of the empty cold carcass was not fully compensated (p ≤ 0.05).
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
Competitive Fund of the University of Parakou, Republic of Benin
2017-12-15
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017110153650
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2017110153650
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 118, No 2 (2017); 259-267
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017110153650/924
Copyright (c) 2017 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/708
2014-02-04T16:57:28Z
jarts:ART
Cassava root peel as a replacement for maize in diets for growing pigs: effects on energy and nutrient digestibility, performance and carcass characteristics
Akinola, Olufemi S.
Fanimo, Amos O.
Agunbiade, J. Adeniyi
Susenbeth, Andreas
Schlecht, Eva
Animal Husbandry
energy value; free amino acids; Manihot esculenta; Nigeria; weight gain
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate cassava root peel (CRP) as diet component for fattening pigs. In the first experiment, ten male pigs were used to investigate the nutrient digestibility and the nutritive value of CRP as replacement for maize in the diet at 0 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 % and 60 %, while supplementing free amino acids (fAA). During two experimental periods, faeces were quantitatively collected and analysed for chemical composition. In the second experiment, 40 pigs received the same diets as in Experiment 1, and daily feed intake and weekly weight changes were recorded. Four pigs per diet were slaughtered at 70 kg body weight to evaluate carcass traits. Digestibility of dry and organic matter, crude protein, acid detergent fibre and gross energy were depressed (p 0.05) at 60 % CRP; digestible energy content (MJ kg^(−1) DM) was 15.4 at 0 % CRP and 12.7 at 60 % CRP. In the second experiment, CRP inclusion had only a small impact on feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio (p 0.05) as well as on the length of the small intestine and the Longissimus dorsi muscle area. The missing correlation of daily weight gain and feed-to-gain ratio up to a CRP inclusion of 40 % indicates that negative effects of CRP on pig growth can be avoided by respecting upper feeding limits. Hence, a combined use of CRP and fAA can reduce feeding costs for small-scale pig farmers in countries where this crop-by product is available in large amounts.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2014-01-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2013112644621
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2013112644621
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 114, No 2 (2013); 159-166
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2013112644621/791
oai:jarts.info:article/408
2018-06-20T09:18:16Z
jarts:ART
Yield gap analysis and assessment of climate-induced yield trends of irrigated rice in selected provinces of the Philippines
Angulo, Carlos
Becker, Mathias
Wassmann, Reiner
Agronomy, Agroecology, Modelling
climate variability; ORYZA2000; Oryza sativa; Philippines; yield gap
This study describes a combined empirical/modeling approach to assess the possible impact of climate variability on rice production in the Philippines. We collated climate data of the last two decades (1985-2002) as well as yield statistics of six provinces of the Philippines, selected along a North-South gradient. Data from the climate information system of NASA were used as input parameters of the model ORYZA2000 to determine potential yields and, in the next steps, the yield gaps defined as the difference between potential and actual yields. Both simulated and actual yields of irrigated rice varied strongly between years. However, no climate-driven trends were apparent and the variability in actual yields showed no correlation with climatic parameters. The observed variation in simulated yields was attributable to seasonal variations in climate (dry/wet season) and to climatic differences between provinces and agro-ecological zones. The actual yield variation between provinces was not related to differences in the climatic yield potential but rather to soil and management factors. The resulting yield gap was largest in remote and infrastructurally disfavored provinces (low external input use) with a high production potential (high solar radiation and day-night temperature differences). In turn, the yield gap was lowest in central provinces with good market access but with a relatively low climatic yield potential. We conclude that neither long-term trends nor the variability of the climate can explain current rice yield trends and that agroecological, seasonal, and management effects are over-riding any possible climatic variations. On the other hand the lack of a climate-driven trend in the present situation may be superseded by ongoing climate change in the future.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2012-09-19
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012082241643
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2012082241643
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 113, No 1 (2012); 61–68
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012082241643/178
oai:jarts.info:article/22
2016-04-04T15:25:14Z
jarts:ART
Livelihoods at Risk: Coping Strategies of War-affected Communities in Sri Lanka
Korf, Benedikt
Economics; Social sciences
war-affected communities; Sri Lanka; rural livelihoods; risk management
Rural societies in war-affected areas can be described as ’distressed livelihoods’: they experience a dramatic increase in risk and uncertainty. How does this affect land use and agricultural coping strategies of small-scale farm households? This was the key research question of a multi-disciplinary, comparative village study carried out in the war-torn areas of Sri Lanka. The study employed the analytical framework of rural livelihoods promoted by DFID. In addition, theoretical models of risk management were instrumental in illustrating behavioural patterns of households in the war zones. The study shows that changed patterns of mobility are a key response of people to adjust to the risk-prone environment. These strategies place heavy demands on the extended family network. Furthermore, access to and priority claims for resources are critical in determining differences in livelihood strategies in different communities. Limited accessibility to natural resources due to war restricts the freedom of livelihood options. Many adapting strategies of farm households thus reflect the declining entitlements to resources due to war and violence. Households gradually deplete their capital stock after each political crisis. Investment in sustainable land management is not rational for farm households that are uncertain about future developments affecting the fundamentals of their lives. Households therefore employ risk minimisation strategies to downsize possible losses and focus on cash earning (especially from overseas employment) and/or state welfare for survival.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2003-11-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/22
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 104, No 2 (2003); 129-141
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/22/19
oai:jarts.info:article/132
2016-04-06T10:38:04Z
jarts:ART
Food for Work Program and its Implications on Food Security: A Critical Review with a Practical Example from the Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Gedamu, Ashenafi
Agricultural Economics; Development
Ethiopia; Amhara; GTZ; food for work program; poverty; food security; malnutrition
A systematic evaluation of food-for-work (FFW) programs in Ethiopia is seriously lacking. Most of the few available reports indicate that these programs have reached very few achievements in terms of food security and reduction of poverty at large. As expressed by Holden et al. (2005), FFW programs are commonly aimed to produce or maintain potentially valuable public goods necessary to stimulate productivity and thus income growth. Natural resources management, like rural road construction, erosion control and afforestation of degraded lands can be mentioned as valuable measures which could stimulate productivity and agricultural growth. The poverty reduction and food security impact of food or cash for work activities are larger if they offer not only seasonal job opportunities to the rural community but also long term employment possibilities. This is more likely if the projects are regionally dispersed and combined with basic education. In the Ethiopian context, it was always questionable if the continuous boom in food aid (regardless of cash or food for work purposes) was the solution for the long standing food insecurity and poverty crises in the country. The study discusses the efficiency of FFW programs that aimed to reduce rural poverty and ensure food security on the one hand, and the impact of the food aid on resource and time allocation of the participating households for own food production on the other. The study is based on a field research conducted at a FFW program project, in the Amhara region, Ethiopia run by the German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) with the view of improving food security in the Amhara region, Ethiopia. A household theoretical model is used to analyze the sample data, whether FFW program may indeed reduce household food insecurity and/or has some crowding-out effects on labour allocation of participating households for own field production.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2006-11-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/132
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 107, No 2 (2006); 177-188
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/132/114
oai:jarts.info:article/4572
2022-10-04T13:14:29Z
jarts:ART
The ‘fine balance’ of West African savannah parklands: biomass generation versus firewood consumption
Callo-Concha, Daniel
Harou, Issoufou Liman
Krings, Laura
Ziemacki, Jasmin
Agriculture, Agroforestry, Rural Development,
Agroforestry, dry savannah, fuelwood, balance, offer, demand
In sub-Saharan Africa, the long-awaited fuelwood gap, resulting of the unbalance between a declining supply of firewood and the increasing demand of households, remains a latent social-ecological challenge. As its quantitative basis remains elusive, we have assessed agroforestry parklands, assumedly main providers of firewood, and firewood consumption in Dassari, Benin and Dano, Burkina Faso, both in the West African savannah. Data collected included botanical inventories, tree biomass estimations, householders’ firewood collection habits and consumption. Our findings show a drifting in preference for firewood-provider species, either by resource exhaustion or as preventive strategy. Tree biomass stock is a misleading proxy of firewood availability, by the increased use of other species, and the bias in calculations caused by non-used larger species. Firewood gathering has expanded towards communal lands and even natural reserves and its trade is emerging, what aside the ecological harm, started to weaken regulatory institutions and the internal social networks. Although the estimated firewood per capita consumption rounds 1 kg day-1 (inferior to precedent estimations), the signs of forest degradation persist. Commercial uses, like local breweries, pose the main challenge, as their demands are disproportional, up to one third of the whole; their demand of larger pieces that leads to more detrimental chopping, and contributes to emerging firewood markets fed by pieces of doubtful origin.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
German Federal Ministry of Research and Education
2022-03-15
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202203085848
10.17170/kobra-202203085848
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 123, No 1 (2022); 75-85
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202203085848/1061
Copyright (c) 2022 Author(s)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/3527
2019-11-19T17:17:05Z
jarts:ART
Effects of three leafy vegetables on the growth performance of Giant African Snail Achatina (Lissachatina) fulica
Amobi, Maduabuchi Inwele
Ezewudo, Bede Izuchukwu
Okpoko, Valentine Obinna
Ugokwe, Collins Ugonna
Okereke, Henry Nnamdi
Agriculture; Animal Husbandry; Heliculture
Achatina fulica, Carica papaya, Growth performance, Telfairia occidentalis, Vernonia amygdalina
This present research was performed to evaluate the effects of three leafy vegetable diets [bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina), fluted pumpkin leaf (Telfairia occidentalis) and pawpaw leaf (Carica papaya)] on the growth performance of Giant African Snail (Achatina fulica). A total of ninety (90) A. fulica were used for the study. Thirty (30) snails each were subjected to three different dietary treatments in three replicates of 10 snails per replicate and fed with the fresh leaves of these vegetables over a period of 12 weeks. Results obtained recorded no significant differences (P 0.05) in terms of weight gain, shell length, shell circumference and shell thickness. On the whole, A. fulica fed on T. occidentalis leaf performed better in terms of mean weight gain when compared with those fed on V. amygdalina and C. papaya leaves. Conversely, snails fed on C. papaya leaf had the best mean shell length gain, mean shell circumference and mean shell thickness when compared with those fed on V. amygdalina and T. occidentalis leaves. The study clearly showed that the tested vegetables can be successfully utilised as diets for rearing of A. fulica. For farmers to achieve optimum productivity, Telfairia occidentalis and Carica papaya leaves are recommended in the dietary menus of snails while bitter leaf can successfully serve as an alternative to the other leaves.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
Mr. Afocha, Ministry of Agriculture, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
Dr. T. C. Mogbo, Department of Zoology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
2019-06-07
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20190219195
10.17170/kobra-20190219195
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 120, No 1 (2019); 15-20
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20190219195/953
Copyright (c) 2019 Author(s)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/1808
2018-06-20T09:09:31Z
jarts:ART
How do consumers perceive organic food from different geographic origins? Evidence from Hong Kong and Shanghai
Yip, Liz
Janssen, Meike
Agricultural Marketing
consumer perception; China; organic food; local food
The objective of this paper is to understand how Chinese consumers perceive certified organic food, especially the differences between locally and nationally produced organic food compared to food produced overseas. In 2012, a consumer survey was conducted at supermarkets in Hong Kong and Shanghai (N=245). Participants were asked for their perception on four different food origins: locally produced organic food, organic food from China, imported organic food, and locally produced conventional food. Consumers in Hong Kong had a positive attitude towards local organic food and imported organic food. However, they were sceptical about organic food from China, in particular regarding chemical residues and the trustworthiness of producers. Consumers in Shanghai, in contrast, had a positive attitude towards all three tested geographical origins of organic food. Overall, the results suggest that it is challenging for marketers to promote and boost the sales of China-produced organic food in China. Better communication is essential to convince consumers that organic food from China is of similar quality as organic food produced elsewhere.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2015-05-21
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2015011347164
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2015011347164
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 116, No 1 (2015); 71-84
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2015011347164/829
oai:jarts.info:article/47
2016-04-06T07:57:55Z
jarts:ART
Phosphorus Uptake and Balance in a Soyabean-Maize Rotation in the Moist Savanna of West Africa
Ogoke, I. J.
Togun, A. O.
Carsky, R. J.
Dashiell, K. E.
Agronomy and Crop Science;
phosphorus balance; soyabean; moist savanna; maize; rotation
This study investigated the effect of maturity class on phosphorus (P) balance in a soyabean-maize rotation in the West African moist savanna.F our soyabean varieties of different maturity classes were grown with or without P fertilizer followed by a maize crop. Soyabean stover P content averaged 1.77 kg ha−1 compared with 5.13 kg ha−1 in the grain. The late soyabean variety TGx1670-1F accumulated a significantly higher P in the grain (6.56 kg ha−1), and stover (2.57 kg ha−1) than the others. While P harvest index averaged 79%, P application increased grain P by 63-81% and stover P by 100% or more. When either soyabean grain or grain+stover was exported, P balance was negative and was not statistically different for varieties when no P was applied. At 30 or 60 kg P ha−1, P balance was negative but significantly lower in TGx1670-1F compared with other varieties. In creasing P rate applied to soyabean significantly (p 0.01) increased maize grain P by 35-66% in the second year. When P was exported only in soyabean grain, cumulative P balances after maize grain harvest (with no P or 30 kg ha−1 applied previous year) were not significantly different for previous soyabean crops. At 60 kg ha−1, however, P balance in previous TGx1670-1F plot was significantly lower than for other varieties. A further export of soyabean stover reduced P balance. Significant residual P effect was observed emphasizing the need to focus P fertilizer application in the cropping system rather than on the single crop. Also with more P in soyabean grain, a reduction in the extent of P depletion will be achieved by returning soyabean stover to the field after threshing.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2004-05-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/47
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 105, No 1 (2004); 15-27
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/47/41
oai:jarts.info:article/4198
2021-06-29T11:30:55Z
jarts:ART
Determinants of protected tomato production technologies among smallholder peri-urban producers in Kiambu, Kenya
Ateka, Josiah M.
Mbeche, Robert M.
Muendo, Kavoi M.
Agricultural Economics; Horticulture
Protected farming, Greenhouses, Adoption, Agricultural household model, Probit maximum likelihood
Climate variability and the rise in incidences of pests and diseases continue to undermine production of high value vegetables among smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. In order to respond to these challenges, protected farming technologies (PFT) (such as greenhouses) which modify the plant environment and therefore aid in avoiding the harmful eects of climatic factors have been promoted. Greenhouses protect the crops against high solar radiation and heavy rainfall that have the potential of destroying vulnerable crops like tomatoes. Consequently, PFT is associated with better yields and farm incomes. However, the adoption of PFT among smallholder farmers, not least in Kenya is low. Drawing on the Agricultural Household Model (AHM) theoretic framework, this paper assessed the determinants of adoption of PFT among smallholder tomato farmers in Kenya. Tomato is the second most important horticultural vegetable crop in Kenya after potatoes in terms of production volumes and value. Data for the study were collected from a cross sectional multistage random survey of 104 tomato farming households and analysed using maximum likelihood probit model. The probit results revealed that the age of a farmer, educational level, household size, total household income and access to credit positively influenced the likelihood of PFT adoption. The likelihood of adoption was negatively related to distance to input markets and access to the county government extension services. Overall, the results of this study suggest that an integrated promotional strategy that accounts for household heterogeneities and focuses on institutional arrangements that support the accumulation of human and financial capital would enhance PFT adoption.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
Regional Universities Forum for Capacity Building in Agriculture (RUFORUM), Kenyatta University of Agriculture and technology
2021-03-05
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202102113203
10.17170/kobra-202102113203
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 122, No 1 (2021); 43-52
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202102113203/1028
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/downloadSuppFile/202102113203/2066
Copyright (c) 2021 Authors
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/2790
2017-06-21T12:21:38Z
jarts:ART
Diversity of farming systems integrating fish pond aquaculture in the province of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Kinkela, Patrick Mafwila
Mutiaka, Bienvenu Kambashi
Dogot, Thomas
Dochain, Denis
Rollin, Xavier
Mvubu, Roger Ntoto
Kinkela, Charles
Mafwila, Jacques
Bindelle, Jérôme
Aquaculture; Animal Husbandry; Agronomy
crops, fish pond, integrated farm, livestock, rural, urban
Agriculture and aquaculture systems are used by many farmers in various tropical countries of Asia, America and Africa. They have proven their relevancy to increase the productivity of farms by optimising nutrient fluxes and reducing requirements for external fertilisers. This article analysed the current state of fish farming and the way it is integrated with other farm subsystems in the urban/peri-urban and rural areas of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. More precisely, it examined the allocation of resources at the farm level, the recovery of helophytes plants, and the fate of fish production choices and it explored the possibility of intensifying these existing integrated farming systems. After a census of ponds in the urban and rural areas of Kinshasa, an on-site survey was conducted on 150 fish pond farms to assess the different activities practiced on farms, the impact of integrating crops and livestock to fish pond aquaculture and the constraints of the system. A total of three thousand and twenty (3020) fish ponds were recorded in the urban and rural areas of Kinshasa. Among these farms integrated aquaculture-agriculture systems exist with a wide diversity of practices (about 79% of farms combined fish with livestock and/or vegetable production). No striking differences between fish farms according to the allocation of resources, fish production method such as monoculture or polyculture, the recovery of helophytes plants and the fate of fish production choice were found depending on the location. However, fish farms were differently managed when combined with agriculture and/or livestock. Regarding the integration of the different subsystems through nutrient fluxes, 11 different movements of material between subsystems were found in integrated farms. However, not all fluxes are equally used in all farms and therefore improvements cannot be generalised. Improvements to be explored are such as making better use of manure pond mud and helophyte plants. For this purpose, proper training of farmers might be critical. Finally, bringing farmers together in cooperatives could also contribute to reduce the cost of purchase and transportation of fish fry and feed.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
Academy research and higher education (ARES) Development cooperation, Brussels
PIC "Système intégré" project.
2017-06-06
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017032852295
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2017032852295
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 118, No 1 (2017); 149-160
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017032852295/909
Copyright (c) 2017 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/620
2013-08-10T17:32:15Z
jarts:ART
Pesticide-handling practices of smallholder coffee farmers in Eastern Jamaica
Henry, Dwayne
Feola, Giuseppe
Agronomy and Crop Science; Sustainability studies; Public health
smallholding farmers; pesticide management; safety; personal protective equipment; coffee; Jamaica
Pesticide use among smallholder coffee producers in Jamaica has been associated with significant occupational health effects. Research on pesticide handling practices, however, has been scarce, especially in eastern Jamaica. This explorative study aims at filling this gap and provides a first basis to develop effective interventions to promote a safer pesticide use. A random sample of 81 coffee farmers was surveyed. The majority of farmers reported to suffer from at least one health symptom associated with pesticide handling, but safety practices were scarcely adopted. There was also the risk that other household members and the wider local community are exposed to pesticides. The lack of training on pesticide management, the role of health services and the cost for protective equipment seemed to be the most significant factors that influence current pesticide handling practices in eastern Jamaica. Further research is recommended to develop a systemic understanding of farmer’s behaviour to provide a more solid basis for the development of future intervention programmes.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2013-08-09
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2013030542613
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2013030542613
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 114, No 1 (2013); 59-67
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2013030542613/430
oai:jarts.info:article/351
2013-04-16T21:30:37Z
jarts:ART
Factors influencing a conversion to organic farming in Nepalese tea farms
Karki, Lokendra
Schleenbecker, Rosa
Hamm, Ulrich
Agricultural economics
organic farming; conversion; tea; Nepal
Organic agriculture in developing countries has increased in past decades especially due to the high demand of organic products in developed countries. The rate of conversion to organic production in Nepal, however, is observed much slower than expected. This study investigates factors that determine the conversion to organic production using Nepalese tea producers as a case study. A survey of 181 farmers was conducted in the Ilam and Panchthar district of Nepal, among which 86 were organic farmers and 95 were conventional farmers. A discriminant analysis was used to identify socio-economic characteristics that distinguish conventional and organic farmers. Results from the estimated discriminant function suggest that farmers located in a distance from regional markets, older in age, better trained, affiliated with institutions and having larger farms are more likely to adopt organic production. Similarly, a factor analysis shows that environmental awareness, bright market prospects, observable economic benefit and health consciousness are the major factors influencing farmers’ decisions on the conversion to organic production. While planning programs for the development of the organic tea sector in Nepal, policy makers should consider the support of farmers’ institutions, provision of training to farmers and raise farmers’ awareness about the environmental, economic and health benefits of organic farming.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
DITSL GmbH, Witzenhausen, Germany
2012-06-12
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012011740355
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2012011740355
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 112, No 2 (2011); 113-123
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012011740355/156
oai:jarts.info:article/13
2016-04-04T15:19:30Z
jarts:ART
Quo vadis Süßwasser? Anmerkungen zum "Internationalen Jahr des Süßwassers 2003"
Wolff, Peter
Irrigation Science
Irrigation; International Year of Freshwater 2003; Competing freshwater demands; Water crisis; Sustainable water use
The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed in a resolution in 2002 the “Internnational Year of Freshwater 2003”. The aim of the year is to raise awareness of the importance of protecting and managing freshwater resources in a sustainable way. On occasion of the International Year of Freshwater the author highlights the competing demands and gives a short description of three scenarios of freshwater use. From these scenarios it can be concluded that only the establishment of a sustainable, integrated water management will avoid a water crisis and maintain food security.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2003-05-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/13
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 104, No 1 (2003); 1-14
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/13/10
oai:jarts.info:article/122
2016-04-06T10:32:21Z
jarts:ART
Phases of the phenological of Wistaria floribunda
Ergaschewa, G. N.
Drauschke, W.
Plant Science
Wistaria floribunda; phenological; germination; growing phase; maturity
Phases of the phenological of Wistaria floribunda (Willd.) DC are shown to disclose the perspective dates of the vegetation embracing the phases of flowering (March-April), of ripening of the fruits (October) and of having complete foliage (April-October). The first course of development or ontogeny, the germination, covers a period of 10 – 12 days; the growing phase embraces a period 2 – 3 years and development to maturity from 3 to 5 or 6 years, before the generative phase begins. A huge quantity of seeds is required in the fields in comparison to the cultivation in botanical gardens, where only 50 – 70 % of this demand is needed.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2007-11-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/122
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 108, No 2 (2007); 191-196
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/122/108
oai:jarts.info:article/5124
2024-02-23T09:07:20Z
jarts:ART
Newly implemented crop-livestock-forest systems increase available water and aeration in soils of the Brazilian Savannah
Marques Moura, Thamires
De Melo Carvalho, Marcia Thais
Stone, Luis Fernando
Madari, Beata Emoke
de Castro Santos, Darliane
Moreira Alves, Estenio
Trogello, Emerson
Faustino, Lucas Luis
Oliveira de Almeida Machado, Pedro Luiz
Soil Science; Agronomy; Forestry
Soil water retention capacity, Pasture, Eucalyptus trees, Integration
There is a growing demand for cropping systems that guarantee food production by improving the use efficiency of natural resources such as soil and water. The crop-livestock-forest (CLF) system is a form of sustainable intensification in which biodiversity and yields are increased on the same area. In this study, the physical-hydric properties of a Ferralsol and Cambisol in Central Brazil within the Savannah biome (Cerrado) were investigated 2 and 1 year after implementation of CLF systems. Soil samples were collected at seven soil depths up to 1 meter deep in CLF systems, within and between rows of trees, in a native forest (NF) and in a non-cultivated pasture, which was used as a reference (P-REF) for comparing soil quality with CLF establishment. Statistical analysis of soil water retention capacity considered two soil layers, 0.0-0.3 and 0.3-1.0 m, using clay and gravel contents as covariates in a mixed model. Main differences were noted within 0.0-0.3 m soil layer. In the Ferralsol, the available water was 0.2-0.3 mm higher in the CLF than in the P-REF, mainly due to an improvement in Theta R and microporosity. The Cambisol, in turn, showed in CLF and in NF a higher aeration capacity by up to 0.3 m3 m-3 than in P-REF, as indicated by the Theta S and macroporosity values. The S index values showed that CLF can improve soil physical quality of light textured soils such as Cambisol in the short term compared to P-REF. This improvement in soil quality is key to sustaining food production under tropical conditions.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
Embrapa
CNPq
FAPEG
2023-11-21
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202311028941
10.17170/kobra-202311028941
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 124, No 2 (2023); 149-158
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202311028941/1098
Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/3856
2020-07-08T15:19:55Z
jarts:ART
Occurrence, distribution and alternative hosts of Wheat streak mosaic virus infecting ginger in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Abraham, Peter
Banwo, Olalekan O.
Kashina, Boniface D.
Alegbejo, Mathew D.
Crop protection (Plant virology)
Alternative host, DAS-ELISA, survey, WSMV
A field survey was conducted during the 2018 rainy season (June – October) in three major ginger producing Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kaduna State, Nigeria to determine the occurrence and spread of wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) infecting ginger. Symptomatic and asymptomatic ginger leaf samples (n=180) and weed samples (n=45) were collected from the surveyed fields and indexed against WSMV using Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (DAS-ELISA). The results obtained showed that WSMV occurred in all the LGAs surveyed but with significant (P = 0.05) variation in distribution. Jaba had the highest virus incidence (22.67\,\%) followed by Kagarko (17.67\,\%) while Kachia had the lowest virus incidence of 10.00\,\%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of WSMV infecting ginger in Nigeria. Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton and Setaria barbata (Lam.) Kunth tested positive against WSMV as alternative weed hosts of the virus. The incidence of WSMV even at lower percentage is significant as population build-up could lead to a disease outbreak. Awareness programs need to be organised for farmers on yield loss potential of WSMV on ginger crop and the role of cultural practices on the incidence and management of the virus.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
none
2020-06-29
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202005281300
10.17170/kobra-202005281300
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 121, No 1 (2020); 127-133
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202005281300/1003
Copyright (c) 2020 Authors
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/2364
2016-12-14T05:44:45Z
jarts:ART
Alternate furrow irrigation of four fresh-market tomato cultivars under semi-arid condition of Ethiopia – Part II: Physiological response
Bogale, Ashinie
Spreer, Wolfram
Gebeyehu, Setegn
Aguila, Miguel
Müller, Joachim
Agronomy and Crop Science
alternate furrow irrigation, chlorophyll content, fruit growth rate, relative leaf water content, stomatal conductance, tomato
Understanding the variation in physiological response to deficit irrigation together with better knowledge on physiological characteristics of different genotypes that contribute to drought adaptation mechanisms would be helpful in transferring different irrigation technologies to farmers. A field experiment was carried to investigate the physiological response of four tomato cultivars (Fetan, Chali, Cochoro and ARP Tomato d2) to moderate water deficit induced by alternate furrow irrigation (AFI) and deficit irrigation (DI) under semi-arid condition of Ethiopia during 2013 and 2014. The study also aimed at identifying physiological attributes to the fruit yield of tomato under different deficit irrigation techniques. A factorial combination of irrigation treatments and cultivar were arranged in a complete randomized design with three replicates. Results showed that stomatal conductance (g_s) was significantly reduced while photosynthetic performance measured as chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv’/Fm’), relative water content (RWC) and leaf ash content remained unaffected under deficit irrigations. Significant differences among cultivars were found for water use efficiency (WUE), g_s, chlorophyll content (ChlSPAD), normal difference vegetation index (NDVI), leaf ash content and fruit growth rate. However, cultivar differences in WUE were more accounted for by the regulation of g_s, therefore, g_s could be useful for breeders for screening large numbers of genotypes with higher WUE under deficit irrigation condition. The study result also demonstrated that cultivar with traits that contribute to achieve higher yields under deficit irrigation strategies has the potential to increase WUE.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
Food Security Center of University of Hohenheim
2016-11-14
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016100451011
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2016100451011
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 117, No 2 (2016); 269-282
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016100451011/890
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/80
2016-04-06T08:07:34Z
jarts:ART
Evaluation of Botanical Mixtures for Insect Pests Management on Cowpea Plants
Oparaeke, A. M.
Dike, M. C.
Amatobi, C. I.
Agronomy and Crop Science
extracts; mixtures; synergism; management; insect pests; cowpea; biopesticides
Studies were conducted at the Research Farm of the Institute for Agricultural Research, Zaria in 1999 and 2000 rainy seasons to evaluate the efficacy and synergistic activity of extracts mixtures from herbal landraces in reducing pests numbers on cowpea plants and ensuring high yield of grains. The extracts mixed in a ratio 10:10 % w/w included: cashew nutshell + garlic bulb; cashew nutshell + African pepper and garlic bulb + chilli pepper. The results indicated that all the herbal extract mixtures reduced the numbers of the tested insect pests (legume flower bud thrips, legume pod borer larvae and pod sucking bugs) and pod damage as well as increased grain yields by 4 - 5 times compared to the untreated control in the two years of investigation. The synergistic advantage of mixing two different plant species in botanical formulations could play a key role in the renewed effort to control pests of agricultural crops using biopesticides.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2005-04-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/80
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 106, No 1 (2005); 41-48
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/80/73
oai:jarts.info:article/5400
2024-03-12T13:31:15Z
jarts:ART
Food security status and its determinants: A comparative study between farm households under government and non-government agricultural extension services in Bangladesh
Sarmin, Susmita
Hasan, Md. Faruq
Mondol, Md. Abu Sayed
Rahman, Md. Zulfikar
Karim, Md. Rezaul
Agricultural economics
Dietary security, Nutrition, Calorie, NGO, SDGs
The ability to obtain food security is essential to human existence. Secure food access can have a variety of positive effects, such as economic expansion, the creation of jobs, and the eradication of poverty. This study assessed the food security status of farm households and its determinants in the Dinajpur district of Bangladesh. Efforts were also made to assess and compare the socio-economic demographics and item-wise calorie intake among households receiving government and non-government agricultural extension services. One hundred twenty-five (125) farm households receiving government or non-government extension services were selected using a multi-stage random sampling procedure. The percentages, means, and standard deviations were employed to summarise the data gathered during the interviews. The inferential statistical investigation involved using the independent sample t-test, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that 68.8 percent of the families in the study area were food secure, while food insecurity was more prevalent for those receiving non-government extension services. In addition, significant differences existed between the selected characteristics of the two groups of farmers in terms of age, household head’s education, average family education, household size, farm size, farming experience, annual household income, annual household expenditure, knowledge on food and nutrition, and extension sources contact. There were also large discrepancies between the food item-wise calorie consumption between the two groups of farmers. The major determinants of household food security were dependency ratio, household size, training exposure, annual household income, knowledge on food and nutrition, and extension sources contact. It is recommended that both government and non-government agricultural extension organisations work together in an effective, transparent, and unbiased manner to reduce food insecurity.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
Ministry of Science and Technology, Bangladesh
2024-02-29
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202402239639
10.17170/kobra-202402239639
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 125, No 1 (2024); 43-55
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202402239639/1111
Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/3816
2020-12-28T07:40:01Z
jarts:ART
How do management practices and farm structure impact productive performances of dairy cattle in the province of Pichincha, Ecuador
Castro Muñoz, Eloy
Andriamandroso, Andriamasinoro L.
Blaise, Yannick
Ron, Lenin
Montufar, Carlos
Kinkela, Patrick Mafwila
Lebeau, Frédéric
Bindelle, Jérôme
Agronomy and Crop Science
Grazing rotation, Tillage, Slopes
The combination of "ancestral knowledge" and modern agricultural techniques are increasingly used by Andes farmers, demonstrating its great importance as an ideal alternative to achieve international standards of productivity and sustainability. Pasture management has demonstrated its relevance in terms of milk volume and quality in farms located in the Ecuadorian highlands, showing a wide range of types of forage resource use, in its constant search for better animal yields from the occupancy rate. However, while inclination of land has a clear impact on energy expenditure of grazing animals, there are no reports on the influence of the diversity in management practices and their consequences on animal performance, considering the slope of pastures animals are grazing. The objective of the present investigation was to document management practices in dairy systems in the tropical highlands of central Ecuador and to understand the influence of the slope of pastures on those practices. A survey was carried out in the rural area of the province of Pichincha in 42 dairy farms using a questionnaire to identify the productive and management activities in the herds and to evaluate the average slope of the pastures of the farms based on GIS data. Results showed that farms had an average acreage of 40 ha, the herds were composed of 60 ± 63 cows in milk, predominantly Holstein (65 %), and the daily production of individual milking cows reached 15.1 ± 3.4 kg. Highest productivity was found on farms with the highest re-population rates using rotatory grazing with high intensity of instantaneous grazing with very short occupation times ( 12 h) and a flat topography of the pastures (p 0.05). The daily production of individual cows was negatively correlated (r = −0.323, p = 0.037) with the average slope of the farms. It is concluded that the use of rotational grazing with very short occupation times seems relevant to maximize individual yields. More research should clarify whether the specific pasture design and the rotation system can contribute to reducing the observed negative impact of high slopes on individual milk production.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
Precision Agriculture Unit of Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Central University of Ecuador
Ecuadorian Agency for Quality Assurance (AGROCALIDAD) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Aquaculture
2020-11-11
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202010191971
10.17170/kobra-202010191971
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 121, No 2 (2020); 233-241
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202010191971/1018
Copyright (c) 2020 Authors
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/216
2013-04-16T21:31:51Z
jarts:ART
Clay pot irrigation for tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) production in the north east semiarid region of Ethiopia
Tesfaye, Tibebu
Tesfaye, Kindie
Woldetsadik, Kebede
Horticulture
clay pot irrigation; fertilization method; plant population; tomato
Water shortage is one of the major constraints for production of horticultural crops in arid and semiarid regions. A field experiment was conducted to determine irrigation water and fertilizer use efficiency, growth and yield of tomato under clay pot irrigation at the experimental site of Sekota Dryland Agricultural Research Center, Lalibela, Ethiopia in 2009/10. The experiment comprised of five treatments including furrow irrigated control and clay pot irrigation with different plant population and fertilization methods, which were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The highest total and marketable fruit yields were obtained from clay pot irrigation combined with application of nitrogen fertilizer with irrigation water irrespective of difference in plant population. The clay pot irrigation had seasonal water use of up to 143.71 mm, which resulted in significantly higher water use efficiency (33.62 kg m-3) as compared to the furrow irrigation, which had a seasonal water use of 485.50 mm, and a water use efficiency of 6.67 kg m-3. Application of nitrogen fertilizer with irrigation water in clay pots improved fertilizer use efficiency of tomato by up to 52% than band application with furrow or clay pot irrigation. Thus, clay pot irrigation with 33,333 plants ha-1 and nitrogen fertilizer application with irrigation water in clay pots was the best method for increasing the yield of tomato while economizing the use of water and nitrogen fertilizer in a semiarid environment.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute
2012-01-13
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2011101139325
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2011101139325
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 112, No 1 (2011); 11-18
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2011101139325/140
oai:jarts.info:article/4
2016-04-04T15:06:57Z
jarts:ART
Challenges to Organic Farming and Sustainable Land Use in the Tropics and Subtropics
Joergensen, Rainer Georg
Organic Farming
organic farming; sustainable agriculture; tropics; subtropics
The central aim of Organic Farming is to maintain and improve soil fertility as a means of supporting animal health by species-adapted animal keeping and feeding. These two aims have developed from the basic desire of many human beings to live in harmony with nature, ultimately emanating from a wish to sustain their own health.In industrialised countries of temperate humid climate, diseases of modern civilisation have been developing at an alarming rate. One of the main reasons is excessive and incorrect nutrition, resulting from alienation in preparing and making our own foodstuffs. In this respect, food procurement today looks at qualitative aspects, i.e. at changes in nutritional habits, especially at a reduction of excessive meat consumption, but also at taking precautionary action to ensure that foodstuffs are free of pathogenic agents and harmful substances. In many tropical and subtropical regions, man is not supplied with sufficient amounts of food. In this context food procurement means protection against hunger and help in the daily fight for survival. This means that the main focus is on quantitative aspects of food production. However, the risks of intensive farming also have a completely different magnitude in tropical and subtropical regions due to themuch more frequent occurrence of acute poisoning after the improper use of pesticides (Castillo, X., 2000).Organic Farming tries to meet the demands of man in temperate humid as well as in tropical and subtropical regions and to provide something of a unifying element. The tension between these different demands and the resulting exciting discussion is a specific feature of our faculty ”Ecological Agricultural Sciences” in Witzenhausen, with its strong roots in both Sustainable Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture and in Organic Farming.In the view of a soil biologist, who tends to consider the aspects of soil fertility, the basic principles of Organic Farming mainly rely on the efficient and careful use of natural resources in all climatic regions (Paoletti, M.C. et al., 1993; Lavelle, P. et al.,1999). Under temperate humid climatic conditions, Organic Farming is especially devoted to protection against environmental pollution. Under tropical and subtropicalclimates, the possibilities of human intervention are enormously restricted due to the environmental conditions, e.g. nutrient deficiency of many soils or the drought of the climate, even if sufficient mineral fertilizers were available (Prasad, R. and Power, J.F., 1997). A characteristic feature of Organic Farming is the attempt to integrate problems into a systematic approach, to resist the temptation of simple solutions in mono-causal reason-effect-relationships, e.g. in finding a soil biological reference number that gives a fertilizer recommendation with a constant value. The euphoria in the use of molecular biological methods in the area of gene technology generates the suspicion that scientists search with complex methods for apparently simple solutions. This leads to the expectation that crop yields can be miraculously increased, for example, by introducing and switching on a gene. Problems are dealt with by taking immediate action, leading to fast and furious campaigns. Tackling problems in a systematic way, often called a holistic approach, entails the inherent risk that a specific topic will be dealt with very superficially.It is a major problem that the transfer of knowledge from temperate humid to tropical/ subtropical regions is impossible or seriously restricted. The use of easily-soluble mineral P-fertilizers is n ot really useful in P-fixing soils regularly occurring in large areas of tropical and subtropical regions (Castillo, X., 2000). Through promotion of soil microorganisms, e.g. by suitable soil organic matter management, P is much better held in biological cycles. However, knowledge about the control mechanisms of biological processes in tropical and subtropical soil is very sparse, especially considering the observation that the composition of the microbial decomposer community differs enormously in tropical and subtropical soils from those in humid temperate regions (Rees, R.M. et al., 1999).Not only is available knowledge regarding the large diversity of the tropical and subtropical regions restricted, but the realization of the farmers themselves is also hampered by quite different problems to those experienced in industrialised temperate humid regions.The cultural and political conditions, for instance with regard to property rights and the level of education, mean that the transfer of scientific knowledge can often only take place within very close limits (Bolanos, M.F., 2000). While the profession of a farmer requires an academic education in some countries of the European Union, land-using persons in tropical and subtropical regions are often very poorly educated, often lacking the most basic reading and writing skills. This problem is becoming increasingly serious with the increasing disappearance of rural traditions.A special advantage of Organic Farming is the fact that it always takes the social and political environment of human beings into consideration and not only the production of foodstuffs. Even more important for the development of sustainable agriculture in the tropics and the subtropics is the future oriented character of Organic Farming. In setting itself current limits in the means of production, its outlook into the future is unlimited.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2002-11-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/4
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 103, No 2 (2002); 103-105
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/4/1
oai:jarts.info:article/105
2016-04-06T10:32:59Z
jarts:ART
Decision Modelling for the Integration of Woody Plants in Smallholder Farms in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia
Krause, Michael
Uibrig, Holm
Kidane, Berhane
Socio-Economics
farming systems; behavioural decision-making; discriminant analysis; landuse pattern; non-competitive tree growing; agroforestry
Farmers’ perceptions of the utility and the constraints of locally available woody species are assumed to influence the decision-making and the behaviour of tree and shrub integration into current land-use types. Accordingly, the objectives of this study are (1) to analyse farmers’ decisions in making use of woody plants under perceived constraints and (2) to analyse influencing factors that determine the deliberate tree and shrub growing behaviour. The methodology bases on the approaches of the ’Farming Systems’ and the ’Behavioural Decision-Making’. Influence diagrams are constructed incorporating the perceived utility and decision determinants of deliberately grown woody plants. Modelling of the tree adoption behaviour of farmers employs the ’Discriminant Analytical Approach’ taking into account the identified external and internal influencing factors. Results from the decision modelling reveal that woody plants are grown on-farm in view of the perceived utility of the species, predominantly fuelwood and timber-based produce, followed by cash-generation. Service functions pertaining to the protection of land gain secondary importance to the tree produce. Major decision determinants comprise resource-based factors, e.g. the shortage of land and seedlings or competition with agricultural crops, over stochastic-environmental factors. Results of the ’Discriminant Analysis’ confirm that the adoption of trees is characterised by the available resource base, the access to infrastructure and support services as well as by personal characteristics of the farmers.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2007-05-15
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/105
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 108, No 1 (2007); 1-17
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/105/96
oai:jarts.info:article/5251
2023-11-02T13:28:12Z
jarts:ART
Economic evaluation of biological nitrogen fixation in flooded rice cultivation in subtropical lowlands
Wander, Alcido Elenor
Mattos, Maria Laura Turino
Agricultural economics; Agronomy and Crop Science
Partial budget, Nitrogen, Diazotrophic bacteria, Inoculant, Irrigated rice
This study aimed to assess the economic viability of biological nitrogen fixation in flood rice cultivation in subtropical lowlands. A field experiment of seven treatments was carried out during the cropping seasons 2015/16, 2017/18, 2018/19 and 2019/20 at the Lowland Experimental Station of Embrapa, in Pelotas, RS, Brazil. The evaluated treatments were: (1) negative control (without N and inoculant); (2) positive control with recommended N-fertilization (120 kg N ha-1, without inoculant) (standard recommendation); (3) inoculant 1 (accessions CMM 174 + CMM 175 + CMM 179); (4) inoculant 2 (accessions CMM 176 + CMM 197 + CMM 205); (5) combination of reduced N-fertilizer doses (90 kg N ha-1) + inoculant 1; (6) combination of reduced N-fertilizer doses (90 kg N ha-1) + inoculant 2; and (7) commercial inoculant [Azospirillum brasilense (strains Ab-V5 and Ab-V6)]. A partial budget was used to compare evaluated treatments with the standard recommendation regarding nitrogen fertilisation. Inoculant 2 composed of bacterial accessions CMM 176 (Rhizobium sp.), CMM 197 (Bacillus sp.) and CMM 205 (Aeromicrobium sp.) combined with reduced mineral nitrogen fertilisation [90 kg N ha-1 (applied in top dressing)] demonstrates the best agroeconomic efficiency in the production of irrigated rice in subtropical lowlands with the cultivar BRS Pampa.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa)
2023-06-13
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202306128202
10.17170/kobra-202306128202
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 124, No 1 (2023); 57-63
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202306128202/1089
Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/3895
2020-07-08T15:19:55Z
jarts:ART
Effect of Village Savings and Loan Associations on adoption of index-based crop insurance under limited liabilities
Ndagijimana, Marcien
Asseldonk, Marcel van
Kessler, Aad
Ndimubandi, Jean
Agricultural economics; Crop risk management; Rural economy
Burundi, Community Savings and credit associations, index-based crop insurance, Integrated farm planning, Risk management
A household survey and focus group discussions were conducted to quantify the general determinants of an index-based crop insurance adoption under limited liabilities in Burundi, and specifically the effect of existing Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLAs). The survey sample comprised of 40 crop insurance adopters, 40 non-adopters and 40 drop-outs in Bukirasazi and Makebuko communes of Gitega province.The results indicated that saving money (by VSLAs) for upcoming premium payments and regularly VSLA meetings attendance increase insurance adoption with relative risk ratio (RRR)=0.21, p≤0.001) and (RRR=0.01, p≤0.01), respectively. In addition, VSLAs’ members with more knowledge in land management (RRR=0.07, p≤0.05), crop management (RRR=0.05, p≤0.001) and integrated farm planning (RRR=0.03, p 0.05) were more likely to adopt the crop insurance. Furthermore, smallholders being aware and less appreciative limited liability were more likely inclined to adopt crop insurance with RRR=0.12 (p≤0.01) and RRR=0.01 (p≤0.001), respectively.Given the importance of VSLA in fostering crop insurance adoption, we recommend strengthening VSLAs in their operation, save for upcoming premium payments as jointly agreed and set in their constitution, and encourage smallholders to run their farms with integrated farm planning. Due to limited knowledge of smallholders about the mode of crop insurance operation, a more extensive capacity building coupled to a coaching by experts in this domain is more than a necessity.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
Netherlands Universities Foundation for International Cooperation (NUFFIC), CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS).
2020-03-25
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202002281031
10.17170/kobra-202002281031
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 121, No 1 (2020); 23-33
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202002281031/993
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/downloadSuppFile/202002281031/1763
Copyright (c) 2020 Authors
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/2035
2018-06-20T09:05:04Z
jarts:ART
Effects of time-controlled and continuous grazing on total herbage mass and ground cover
Sanjari, Gholamreza
Ghadiri, Hossein
Yu, Bofu
Natural resource management
Currajong, herbage mass, ground cover, time-controlled grazing, continuous grazing
Grazing practices in rangelands are increasingly recognized as a management tool for environmental protection in addition to livestock production. Long term continuous grazing has been largely documented to reduce pasture productivity and decline the protective layer of soil surface affecting environmental protection. Time-controlled rotational grazing (TC grazing) as an alternative to continuous grazing is considered to reduce such negative effects and provides pasture with a higher amount of vegetation securing food for animals and conserving environment. To research on how the grazing system affects herbage and above ground organic materials compared with continuous grazing, the study was conducted in a sub-tropical region of Australia from 2001 to 2006.The overall results showed that herbage mass under TC grazing increased to 140% in 2006 compared with the first records taken in 2001. The outcomes were even higher (150%) when the soil is deeper and the slope is gentle. In line with the results of herbage mass, ground cover under TC grazing achieved significant higher percentages than continuous grazing in all the years of the study. Ground cover under TC grazing increased from 54% in 2003 to 73%, 82%, and 89% in 2004, 2005, and 2006, respectively, despite the fact that after the high yielding year of 2004 herbage mass declined to around 2.5 ton ha^(−1) in 2005 and 2006. Under continuous grazing however there was no significant increase over time comparable to TC grazing neither in herbage mass nor in ground cover. The successful outcome is largely attributed to the flexible nature of the management in which grazing frequency, durations and the rest periods were efficiently controlled. Such flexibility of animal presence on pastures could result in higher water retention and soil moisture condition promoting above ground organic material.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
Cyril Cisiolka
Rick & Louise Goodrich
Eugene Creek
Queensland Inglewood Landcare
Natural Heritage Trust
2016-05-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016041950145
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2016041950145
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 117, No 1 (2016); 165-174
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016041950145/876
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/71
2016-04-06T08:39:00Z
jarts:ART
Comparisons of Production Costs and Profit of Three Different Technology Levels of Papaya Production in Tabasco, Mexico
Guzmán-Ramón, E.
Gómez Álvarez, R.
Pohlan, H. A. Jürgen
Alvarez-Rivero, J. C.
Pat-Fernández, J.
Geissen, V.
Economics and Econometrics; Agronomy and Crop Science
investment; yield; production costs; benefit - cost - ratio; equilibrium point
The survey was carried out from September 2006 to January 2007 in three papaya production sites located in main papaya production zones in Tabasco; SE Mexico. There are differences in size of the cultivated area, in the yield of the papaya as well as in production costs and profit, according to the different technology levels in the farming systems: low, medium and high technology cultivation level. The financial evaluations were carried out in three sites with different productive technologies. The comparison of the agronomic and economic traits results for low technology level in: V AN of 2359.00 USD, BCR in 1.9 and an equilibrium point of 3750.00 USD, TIR of 0.25. In order to avoid loses, a quantity of 10714 kg papaya should be sold. In medium technology VAN is 1605.10 USD, BCR is 1.7, TIR 0.20 and the equilibrium point is 12800.00 USD. 36571 kg of papaya should be yearly sold. In high technology level VAN is 11749.40, BCR is 2.73, TIR 0.43 and the equilibrium point is 12187.50 USD, 34821 kg papaya should be sold yearly. The indicators showed that all three levels are profitable and economically viable.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2008-04-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/71
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 109, No 1 (2008); 1-14
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/71/64
oai:jarts.info:article/4589
2021-12-31T15:56:33Z
jarts:ART
Agroecological heuristics: Xi (Ξ) biomathematical models of alpha diversity and Lambda functional entropy index (λ) applied for macrofauna in diversified agroecosystems of Nicaragua
Rodríguez-González, Hugo René
Salazar Centeno, Dennis José
Agroecology, Biomathematics, Biophysics, Zoology, Entomology, Plant Science, Biology, Natural resource management, Ecology,
Diversity, Dominance, Entropy, Equity, Index, Interactions, Macroinvertebrates
Agriculture causes chaos on the macrofauna associated with agroecosystems. The functions developed by macrofauna species in agroecological environments are harmful, beneficial and fundamental for food production. In order to design Xi (Ξ) biomathematical models of alpha diversity and to create a functional entropy index (λ), the taxonomic identification of macrofauna was carried out in 10 agroecosystems with conventional and agroecological production approach in five locations of Nicaragua: Boaco, Carazo, Chinandega, Estelí and Matagalpa. The capture of macrofauna was carried out in five surface sampling points of 3.1416 m2 each and subsequent subtraction of five soil monoliths per subsystem. Each monolith had dimensions of 0.25 m (length) 0.25 m (width) 0.30 m (depth) for atotal of 98 monoliths. The agroecosystems with a conventional approach presented 73 families and with an agroecological approach 124 families were observed. The dominant interaction of macrofauna families were between Scarabaeidae, Formicidae, Chrysomelidae, Elateridae and Noctuidae; especially the first two, influenced the final result of the model, generating a tendency to negativity due to its herd behaviour. The families Lumbricidae, Rhinotermitidaeand Acanthodrilidae, the three gregarious, pushed the model towards positivity together with Polydesmidae and Porcellionidae. The biomathematical model Xi () generated polynomial equations with an agroecological approach to simulate abundance, richness, dominance, uniformity, stability and functionality of the macrofauna species. The agroecosystems with an agroecological approach presented a range of between 41.36 to 127,095.41 much higher than the conventional approach with a range of -81.62 to 8,588.73 and a tendency to negativity.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
National Agrarian University of Nicaragua
National Union of Farmers and Ranchers of Nicaragua
European Union
2021-12-08
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202112035149
10.17170/kobra-202112035149
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 122, No 2 (2021); 299-310
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202112035149/1052
Copyright (c) 2021 Author(s)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/3176
2018-07-02T09:22:06Z
jarts:ART
Growth performance and digestive tract development of indigenous scavenging chickens under village management
Raphulu, Thomas
Jansen van Rensburg, Christine
Animal husbandry
digestive organs, relative weight, relative length, growth performance, rural communities
The study was conducted on indigenous scavenging chickens under village management firstly, to evaluate the early development of the digestive tract to 28 days of age and secondly, to determine the growth performance of these chickens up to 20 weeks of age. One hundred and seventeen chicks, 13 chicks per age class (day 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, 28) were randomly purchased from six rural villages in the Vhembe District, Venda, South Africa. The chickens were weighed and sacrificed for measurement of the different parts of its gastrointestinal tract. The liver and pancreas were also weighed. The relative weight of the storage organs and liver peaked at day 4 while that of the small intestine and duodenum peaked at day 10. The relative lengths of the small intestine and jejunum peaked at day 7, duodenum at day 10 and ileum at day 4. Four hundred and forty four (444) chicks from 13 households were recorded at two weekly intervals starting from day old until 20 weeks of age. The mean body weight obtained for males and females were 201.7 and 171.5 g at six weeks of age and 1048.1 and 658.6 g at 20 weeks of age, respectively. The indigenous chickens under village management were characterised by slow digestive tract development, poor growth performance and high mortalities. Further research needs to be conducted to determine the effect of early feed supplementation on the development of the digestive tract and the performance of indigenous chickens under village management.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
National Research Foundation
2018-06-27
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2018040955207
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2018040955207
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 119, No 1 (2018); 105-111
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2018040955207/943
Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:jarts.info:article/1643
2015-06-02T15:42:53Z
jarts:ART
Dairy farms typology and management of animal genetic resources in the peri-urban zone of Bamako (Mali)
Toure, Abdoulaye
Moula, Nassim
Kouriba, Ali
Traore, Bakary
Leroy, Pascal
Antoine-Moussiaux, Nicolas
Animal Husbandry; Agricultultural economics
dairy cattle; genetic resources; multivariate analysis; Mali; zebu; crossbreeding
Facing growth in demand, dairy production in peri-urban areas of developing countries is changing rapidly. To characterise this development around Bamako (Mali), this study establishes a typology of dairy production systems with a special focus on animal genetic resources. The survey included 52 dairy cattle farms from six peri-urban sites. It was conducted in 2011 through two visits, in the dry and harvest seasons. The median cattle number per farm was 17 (range 5-118) and 42% of farmers owned cropland (8.3 +/- 7.3 ha, minimum 1 ha, maximum 25 ha). Feeding strategy was a crucial variable in farm characterisation, accounting for about 85% of total expenses. The use of artificial insemination and a regular veterinary follow-up were other important parameters. According to breeders’ answers, thirty genetic profiles were identified, from local purebreds to different levels of crossbreds. Purebred animals raised were Fulani Zebu (45.8%), Maure Zebu (9.2%), Holstein (3.0%), Azawak Zebu (1.3%), Mere Zebu (0.5%) and Kuri taurine (0.1%). Holstein crossbred represented 30.5% of the total number of animals (19.0% Fulani-Holstein, 11.2% Maure-Holstein and 0.3% Kuri-Holstein). Montbéliarde, Normande and Limousin crossbreds were also found (6.6%, 0.7% and 0.3%, respectively). A multivariate analysis helped disaggregate the diversity of management practices. The high diversity of situations shows the need for consideration of typological characteristics for an appropriate intervention. Although strongly anchored on local breeds, the peri-urban dairy systems included a diversity of exotic cattle, showing an uncoordinated quest of breeders for innovation. Without a public intervention, this dynamic will result in an irremediable erosion of indigenous animal genetic resources.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2015-05-21
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2015011347137
urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2015011347137
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 116, No 1 (2015); 37-47
2363-6033
1612-9830
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2015011347137/835
e5b669b0b52dd6c93e1a12e06e387de1