2024-03-28T11:13:21Z
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/oai
oai:jarts.info:article/96
2010-05-13T20:36:58Z
jarts:ART
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Assessing Production Efficiency of Dairy Farms in Burdur Province, Turkey
Binici, Turan
Department of Agricultural Economics,
Harran University,
Sanliurfa, Turkey.
E-mail: turanbinici@yahoo.com
Demircan, Vecdi
Department of Agricultural Economics, Suleyman Demirel University, Turkey
Zulauf, Carl R.
Ohio State University,
Department of Agricultural,
Environmental and Development Economics,
Ohio, USA
Array
This study finds that a sample of 132 dairy farmers located in Burdur Province, Turkey, are producing at a low level of production efficiency. Efficiency ranges from 24 percent to 94 percent, with the average being 50 percent. Eighty one percent of the variation in output among the sampled farmers is due to differences in their production efficiency. If a farmer with average efficiency improved efficiency to that of the most efficient farmer in the sample, then the average dairy farmer could realize a 47 percent saving in cost. Two statistically significant factors associated with the variation in production efficiency are identified: the type of feeding system used and herd size. Use of extension programs explained little of the variation in production efficiency.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2006-04-30 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/96
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 107, No 1 (2006)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/61
2016-04-06T08:04:55Z
jarts:ART
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Response of Sesbania Green Manuring and Mungbean Residue Incorporation on Microbial Activities for Sustainability of a Rice-Wheat Cropping System
Tilak, K. V. B. R.
Institut für Pflanzenbau und Tierhygiene in den Tropen und Subtropen,
Georg-August-Universität,
Grisebachstr. 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany,
Email: tilakkvbr@yahoo.com
Array
The microbial population and its biomass and nitrogenase activity in plant roots under sandy-clay-loam soil conditions where the plant residues of Sesbania rostrata and mungbean (Vigna radiata) were incorporated were significantly higher than that obtained from summer fallow. The increases in yield of rice and wheat and the total nitrogen content in shoot and grain was also perceptible by the application of green manuring. The results highlight the importance of green manuring in rice-wheat cropping systems under tropical sandy-clay-loam soil conditions of India.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2004-11-01 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/61
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 105, No 2 (2004)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/27
2016-04-06T08:16:49Z
jarts:ART
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
A Study on the RAPD and SCAR Molecular Markers of Piper Species
Jiang, Shi
College of Agriculture,
Department of Biotechnology,
Henan University of Science & Technology, 471003 Tianjin Road, Jianxi District, Luoyang, Henan province, China.
E-mail: shijiang66@21cn.com; shijiang66@126.com; shijiang@mail.haust.edu.cn,
Phone: 86
Jianhua, Xin
College of Agriculture,
Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China
Li, Xin
College of Food and Bioengineering,
Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
Array
In order to compare the genetic relationships among Kava, Pepper and it’s wild relatives and to distinguish Kava from Pepper and it’s wild relatives, we conducted research on Kava by using RAPD and SCAR molecular markers. 20 random primers selected from 80 random primers were used for RAPD amplification to identify the genetic relationships among Kava, Pepper and it’s wild relatives. Total 170 bands were amplified by 20 random primers, in which 20 bands were polymorphic (12%). Cluster analysis grouped the 28 accessions into six groups at similarity coefficient of 0.36, where 6 materials of Kava formed a group, indicating that Kava was distantly relation to Pepper and its wild relatives. Kava had 562 bp and 355 bp specific fragments amplified by primers OPQ- 02 and OPQ-03, respectively, were recycled for cloning and sequencing analysis, and then converted to SCAR markers. Two pairs of specific SCAR primers for Kava, P4.1 and P4.2, P8.1 and P8.2 were designed. PCR amplification of 28 test materials were performed using the two pairs of the specific primers respectively, the specific bands of 562 bp and 355 bp with expected sizes were amplified in 6 Kava materials but not in other materials. The results showed that primers P4.1 and P4.2, P8.1 and P8.2 might be used as specific SCAR primers for Kava germplasm resources identification. This research provided the basis for selecting rootstocks, molecular identification and the fingerprint construction of Kava.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2010-05-03 23:18:50
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/27
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 110, No 2 (2009)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/5027
2023-02-21T20:51:31Z
jarts:ART
"221231 2022 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Rural alternatives for local development: An intercultural analysis (case study from northern Ecuador)
Krainer, Anita
Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales Ecuador https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8145-1537
Hidalgo Palma, Karla Alejandra
Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales Ecuador https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4909-113X
Conejo Males, Maria Matilde
Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales Ecuador https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2949-4484
Array
This study takes a historical and analytical tour of the experiences, ways of life and community knowledge oriented towards the construction of alternatives to achieve development in the communities of Cotacachi and Yunguilla, Ecuador. Rural development has been an extremely neglected issue by the Ecuadorian government and local authorities. In the 21st century, this neglect continues to impact peasants and indigenous people, manifesting itself in all kinds of inequalities that affect the quality of life of their families. From this reality, alternatives for change arise within the communities and community organisations, which are oriented towards local development and thus avoid deterritorialisation.
During this process, the cooperation of external actors such as foundations and non-governmental organisations has been of vital importance. In addition, the intercultural approach presents social and economic development in accordance with the national reality itself. However, on some occasions, the traditional knowledge of local communities is not valued because it is empirical, oral and transgenerational. In this sense, bioculturality highlights the relevance of community dynamics and their attachment to the natural environment. For this study, a qualitative methodology was applied, together with qualitative techniques and instruments. The present work informs on two cases of rural development that are born from the active participation and empowerment of local actors, located in the northern Andean region of Ecuador.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2022-12-30 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202212227258
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 123, No 2 (2022)
eng
Copyright (c) 2022 Author(s)
oai:jarts.info:article/3729
2020-01-13T13:30:22Z
jarts:ART
"191223 2019 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Farm and farmer capital foster adoption of improved quality agrochemical inputs in the cotton-wheat zone of the Punjab, Pakistan
Bilal, Muhammad
1Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Germany
2Hochschule Darmstadt – University of Applied Sciences, Risk and Sustainability Sciences, Germany https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2241-4610
Barkmann, Jan
2Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Germany
1Hochschule Darmstadt – University of Applied Sciences, Risk and Sustainability Sciences, Germany https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7751-3435
Array
Adoption of yield-enhancing agricultural inputs fosters agricultural intensification in low-income countries. In Pakistan, initial adoption of agrochemicals is already widespread; the low quality of much of the inputs contributes to severe health, environmental and enduring pest problems, however. While the positive influence of farm capital and farmer capital on initial adoption is well documented, the adoption of improved quality inputs is little researched. We reduce the knowledge gap investigating smallholder adoption of improved quality agrochemical inputs in the Punjab, Pakistan. Using multi-stage random sampling, a pre-tested and piloted farming household survey was administered to smallholder farming households from 18 villages across three districts of the cotton-wheat zone (N=275). Ordered probit models show that several farming and farm capital variables (cotton crop area, farm machinery, no-tillage farming, adoption in the neighbourhood) as well as several farmer capital variables (age, education, off-farm income, agricultural extension services, source of agricultural credit) influence adoption of improved quality agrochemical inputs. Of these variables, an intensification of agricultural extension service visits appears as the most promising policy option. From a fundamental science point of view, our results provide, for the first time, evidence that adoption of improved quality agrochemical inputs is influenced principally by the same variables as initial adoption.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2019-12-02 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20191217881
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 120, No 2 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Authors
oai:jarts.info:article/2113
2016-06-10T14:36:12Z
jarts:ART
"160504 2016 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Perception of quality in certified organic pineapples by farmers in Kayunga district, Central Uganda: Implications for food security
Jumba, Francis Richard
University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Sustainable Agriculture Systems, Division of Organic Farming, Gregor Mendel Strasse 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
Freyer, Bernhard
University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Sustainable Agriculture Systems, Division of Organic Farming, Gregor Mendel Strasse 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
Array
In East Africa, Uganda is one of the major producers of organic pineapples for export. These pineapples are mainly produced in central Uganda and have to meet stringent quality standards before they can be allowed on international markets. These quality standards may put considerable strain on farmers and may not be wholly representative of their quality interpretation. The aim of this paper is therefore, to determine the Ugandan organic pineapple farmers’ quality perception, the activities they carry out in order to attain that quality and challenges (production, postharvest marketing) faced on the same. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were carried out among 28 organic pineapple farmers in Kayunga district, central Uganda. Findings suggest that quality of organic pineapples is mainly perceived in terms of product attributes particularly appearance followed by food security provision. Certification plays a minor role in what farmers describe as organic quality. High production input costs (labour and coffee husks) coupled with a stagnant premium are some of the major challenges faced by farmers in attaining organic quality. The paper argues that currently there are concealed negative food security effects embroiled in these pineapple schemes. It is recommended that the National Organic Agricultural Movement of Uganda (NOGAMU) works with all relevant stakeholders to have the farmer premium price raised and an official organic policy enacted.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2016-01-15 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016041950134
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 117, No 1 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016
oai:jarts.info:article/480
2018-06-20T09:18:37Z
jarts:ART
"120919 2012 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Impact of floriculture development enhances livelihood of India’s rural women
Agoramoorthy, Govindasamy
College of Environmental & Health Sciences, Tajen University, Yanpu Pingtung 907, Taiwan
Hsu, Minna J.
Department of Biologica Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
Array
India’s rural women are involved in various types of work and contribute considerably to the economy. However much of their work is not systematically accounted in the official statistics. India’s governmental and non-governmental data collection agencies admit that there is an under-estimation of tribal women’s contribution as rural workers. This study describes in detail a research project that focuses on the indicators for socioeconomic development in the least developed rural villages by examining the impact of floriculture on the lives of impoverished tribal women who inhabit the harsh drylands of western India.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2012-09-19 13:46:28
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012082241658
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 113, No 1 (2012)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/4458
2021-12-31T15:56:33Z
jarts:ART
"211104 2021 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Drivers of adaptation to climate change in vulnerable farming communities: a micro analysis of rice farmers in Ndop, Cameroon
Zama, Nde I.
Northwest Institute of Historical Environment and Socio-Economic Development, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 Chang’an West road, Xi’an, 710119, PR China
Lan, Fang
Northwest Institute of Historical Environment and Socio-Economic Development, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 Chang’an West road, Xi’an, 710119, PR China
Zama, Eric F.
Department of Agriculture and Environmental Engineering, College of Technology, University of Bamenda, P.O.Box 39 Bambili, Cameroon
Array
Farmers in developing economies often struggle to adapt to climate change and their decisions to adapt usually hinges on perception and prevailing socio-economic factors. This study examines factors controlling farmers’ decision to adapt to climate change and evaluate the impact of such decisions on farm output. Using primary data from 138 rice farming households in Ndop-Cameroon, we employ the probit model with endogenous switching regression to investigate the impact of the farmers’ adaptation decisions on output. The results indicate that access to credits, other incomes, farmers’ age, extension services and farmer groupings form key factors that significantly affects farmers’ decision to adapt to climate change. Strategic implementation of adaptive measures, significantly increased average output of adapters by 49%. Building resilience against climate change and ensuring food security, therefore requires stakeholders to take into account existing management strategies and the underlying factors influencing these. This study suggests the crucial need for institutional advancement and policy changes towards credit accessibility for rice farmers. More local farmers’ associations should be created and extension services improved to enhance effective adaptation and farmers’ vulnerability.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2021-08-04 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202110274961
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 122, No 2 (2021)
eng
Copyright (c) 2021 Author(s)
oai:jarts.info:article/2985
2018-07-02T09:22:06Z
jarts:ART
"180615 2018 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Intensification of rain-fed groundnut production in North Kordofan State, Sudan
Abdalla, Elgailani Adam
ElObeid Research Station, ElObeid, Sudan
Aune, Jens B.
Department of International Environment and Development Studies, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
Osman, Abdelrahman K.
ElObeid Research Station, ElObeid, Sudan
Idris, Aldaw M.
ElObeid Research Station, ElObeid, Sudan
Array
The main objective of this study was to evaluate intensification pathways for groundnut production in the marginal rain-fed environment of North Kordofan State, Sudan. The effect of intensification on yields was assessed in three different experiments. In the first experiment, the treatments were organised according to increasing level of intensification from the traditional production package to the improved production package (the ladder experiment). The complete improved package in the ladder approach consisted of increased density, new variety, seed priming, microdosing (0.6 g NPK per pocket) and mulching. Three levels of mulching and two levels of intensification constituted the second experiment (mulching experiment), while the third was an on-farm experiment involving 20 farmers testing two levels of intensification (on-farm experiment). The average yield increases were 75, 61, and 32 %, from the ladder, mulch and on-farm experiments, respectively. Results from the ladder experiment showed that farmers’ gross margin increased by 83 % compared to traditional practices. Resource limited farmers can increase yield by 18 % and gain 25 % additional cash incomes by only adopting increased plant density. As farmers differ in their wealth status, they can choose low-cost, low-risk components of the technological package whereas farmers with more access to resources can achieve high cash incomes by adopting the complete improved production package. There was no clear effect of mulching on yields in these experiments.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2018-04-04 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2018011554183
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 119, No 1 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS)
oai:jarts.info:article/1810
2018-06-20T09:10:53Z
jarts:ART
"141231 2014 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
The diversity of postharvest losses in cassava value chains in selected developing countries
Naziri, Diego
Natural Resources Institute (NRI), University of Greenwich, UK and International Potato Centre (CIP), Lima, Peru
Quaye, Wilhelmina
Food Research Institute (FRI), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Ghana.
Siwoku, Bernard
Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB), Nigeria.
Wanlapatit, Sittichoke
Cassava and Starch Technology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand.
Viet Phu, Tu
School of Biotechnology and Food Technology (SBFT), Hanoi University of Science and Technology, (HUST), Viet Nam.
Bennett, Ben
Natural Resources Institute (NRI), University of Greenwich, UK.
Array
The extent of physical and economic postharvest losses at different stages of cassava value chains has been estimated in four countries that differ considerably in the way cassava is cultivated, processed and consumed and in the relationships and linkages among the value chain actors. Ghana incurs by far the highest losses because a high proportion of roots reach the consumers in the fresh form. Most losses occur at the last stage of the value chain. In Nigeria and Vietnam processors incur most of the losses while in Thailand most losses occur during harvesting. Poorer countries incur higher losses despite their capacity to absorb sub-standard products (therefore transforming part of the physical losses into economic losses) and less strict buyer standards. In monetary terms the impact of losses is particularly severe in Ghana and estimated at about half a billion US dollar per annum while in the other countries it is at the most about USD 50 million. This comparison shows that there are no “one-size-fits-all" solutions for addressing postharvest losses but rather these must be tailor-made to the specific characteristics of the different value chains.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2014-12-31 18:26:14
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2014121946902
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 115, No 2 (2014)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/5423
2024-02-23T09:07:20Z
jarts:ART
"231230 2023 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Determination of consumer milk price in the informal dairy market in Bangladesh: A district level analysis of vertical system linkage
Uddin, Mohammad Mohi
Professor, Department of Animal Nutrition, Research group: Livestock nutrition and economics, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh http://www.bau.edu.bd
Mehta, Yashree
Post doctoral fellow
Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development
University of Göttingen, Germany
Akter, Amrin
Dairy Nutrition, Economics, Environment and Marketing Research Group, Integrated Dairy Research Network (IDRN), Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University https://www.idrn-dairy.org/
Sultanana, Mst. Nadira
Dairy Nutrition, Economics, Environment and Marketing Research Group, Integrated Dairy Research Network (IDRN), Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University https://www.idrn-dairy.org/
Brümmer, Bernhard
Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, University of Göttingen, Germany
Array
The objective of this study was to identify the determinants of consumer milk prices and test the hypothesis that input prices, e.g., rice straw and wheat bran, as well as the farmgate milk price exert an influence on the consumer milk price. A unique panel dataset from July 2018 to June 2021 was obtained from the Integrated Dairy Research Network (IDRN) Bangladesh Monthly Dairy Sector database and was analysed using the Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) methodology. The data collection and validation were done with a national panel of experts jointly with the data collection and processing team. The study found: a) vertical linkage with input and output price is highly affecting the consumers milk price which was due to the substantial variation across the regions and time; b) The dynamic panel analysis of GMM revealed mixed relationship between input prices (rice straw and wheat bran), farm gate milk prices, and the consumer milk price; c) The farmgate milk price determines the increase in consumer milk prices, and it is possible to predict the consumer milk price based on the time-price-system interaction variability of the farmgate milk price; d) Using COVID-19 as a proxy for real time impact, the study found a stark impact of COVID-19 on the input price and output prices and triggering a decrease in consumer milk prices by 3.96 BDT kg-1 milk (0.05 USD kg-1). The findings of this study are expected to be beneficial to the decisions making process of dairy farmers, milk processors, feed industry, consumers, and policy makers.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2023-11-02 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202312229276
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 124, No 2 (2023)
eng
Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s)
oai:jarts.info:article/70
2013-04-16T21:33:59Z
jarts:ART
"100907 2010 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Pharmaceutical consumption and residuals potentially relevant to nutrient cycling in Greater Accra, Ghana
Germer, Jörn
Department of Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics,
University of Hohenheim, Germany,
D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany
Sinar, Evren
Department of Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics,
University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
Array
Recycling nutrients form sanitary wastes back into agricultural ecosystems offers an option to alleviate soil depletion in regions where the use of mineral fertiliser is limited. Exemplary nutrient and water cycling approaches, including collection, treatment and use of human urine, are established at Valley View University (VVU) in Greater Accra, Ghana.
Concerns have been recently raised in regard to fate and impact of pharmaceutical residues in soils and interlinked environment. To evaluate in how far emerging knowledge can be transposed onto VVU, urban and rural environments in Greater Accra, spatial disease occurrence and drug consumption patterns were studied. Malaria has been found to represent the most severe health burden in Ghana, but there is also a high prevalence of infectious diseases. Drugs consumed in great quantities and in respect to their residual loads potentially problematic in the environment belong to therapeutic groups of: antibiotics, analgesics, drugs for diabetes, antimalarials, cardiovascular drugs and anthelmintics. Drug consumption revealed to be highest in urban and lowest in rural areas. At VVU the range of consumed drugs is comparable to urban areas except for the negligible use of diabetes and cardiovascular medication as well as contraceptives.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2010-09-07 17:57:40
Peer-reviewed Article
application/x-pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2010082734343
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 111, No 1 (2010)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/4015
2020-12-28T07:40:01Z
jarts:ART
"200821 2020 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Variation in baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) root tuber development and leaf number among different growth conditions for five provenances in Malawi
Jansen, Lennart
Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Germany
Darr, Dietrich
Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Germany
Hansohm, Nele
Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Germany
Gebauer, Jens
Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Germany
Meinhold, Kathrin
Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Germany
Munthali, Chimuleke R.Y.
Mzuzu University, Department of Forestry, Malawi
Wichern, Florian
Faculty of Life Sciences, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences https://www.hochschule-rhein-waal.de/en/user/7504 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6473-3826
Array
The baobab tree is an underutilised indigenous fruit tree in sub-Saharan Africa which, at the same time is vulnerable to overexploitation in areas close to centres of demand, as currently baobab use is limited to wild, baobab trees. Baobab seedlings are known to form root tubers, but little is known about their growth characteristics and its yield potential. This study aims to investigate the root tuber and leaf development of baobab seedlings grown from seeds of five provenances, sown at three different planting distances in two nursery trials at climatically distinct locations in Malawi, namely Mzuzu and Mangochi. The observed yield data was fed into preliminary farm-gate profitability analyses for three different scenarios that differed by planting distance. Results indicate increased growth rates for root dry mass and number of developed leaves with increasing planting distance. However, we did not find a significant effect of seedling provenance on any of the measured plant growth parameters. Seedlings invested mainly into root development during the growth period, with root tubers reaching an average fresh weight of 41 ± 39 g and an average length of 24 ± 11.9 cm at 138 days after sowing. Profitability analyses showed a potential total net benefit of 12.78 USD per harvest cycle of 16 weeks and per 100 m² of land cultivated with baobab root tubers, which was better than an alternative scenario of maize cropping on the same area that showed a negative total net benefit when cost of family labour was included. However, the heterogeneity of root tuber development as affected by abiotic and biotic factors like soil fertility and water availability, as well as genetic origin warrant further investigation.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2020-12-24 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202007291508
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 121, No 2 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Authors
oai:jarts.info:article/18
2016-04-04T15:23:18Z
jarts:ART
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Milk Yield During the First Four Months of Lactation and Cow Productivity of Brahman and Tuli Beef Cattle in South-East Botswana
Chabo, R. G.
Dr R. G. Chabo, Department of Animal Science and Production. Botswana College of Agriculture, P/Bag 0027 Gaborone, Botswana
Koka, D. C.
Department of Animal Science and Production. Botswana College of Agriculture, P/Bag 0027 Gaborone, Botswana
Oageng, T.
Department of Animal Science and Production. Botswana College of Agriculture, P/Bag 0027 Gaborone, Botswana
Array
The climate of Botswana because of its semi-aridity, is mostly suitable for livestock farming, especially beef cattle production under extensive grazing conditions. The major indigenous cattle breed is the Tswana, while the Tuli (TT) and Brahman (BB) are popular and increasing in numbers to the cattle population of 2.5 million. In the present study, the TT (n=15) and BB (n=24) breeds were compared for cow productivity and milk production using the weigh-suckle-weigh technique. The TT cows produced more milk than BB cows (12.4 vs 9.2 kg/d) during the first four months of lactation. However, BB cows produced heavier (P 0.001) calves at weaning than TT cows (164.8 vs 150.4 kg). Similarly, BB cows produced faster (P 0.001) growing calves than TT cows (.69 vs .64 kg/d). Across breeds, calves born earlier in the season had a higher (P 0.01) average daily gain (ADG) than those born later in the season (.69 vs .64 kg/d). It is an advantage to producers to have the majority of calves born early in the calving season (September/October) so that calves are bigger and heavier at weaning than those calves born late in the season (November/December).
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2003-05-01 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/18
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 104, No 1 (2003)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/4939
2023-02-21T20:51:31Z
jarts:ART
"221018 2022 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Agripreneurial drive among women shea butter processors in Kwara State, Nigeria: the motivating factors and efficiency
Falola, Abraham
University of Ilorin, Ilorin
Mukaila, Ridwan
University of Nigeria, Nsukka
Akanbi, Sheu-Usman Oladipo
University of Ilorin, Ilorin
Olohungbebe, Sheu Ahmad
Federal University of Kashere, Gombe
Adeyeye, Oluwatobiloba Christianah
University of Ilorin, Ilorin
Array
This study examined agricultural entrepreneurship among women shea butter processors in Kwara State Nigeria. It assessed their motivation factors, level of efficiencies, determinants of output and challenges faced in the entrepreneurial drive by the women. Primary data, collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, were collected from randomly selected 120 shea butter women processors. The data obtained were analysed with descriptive statistics, index ranking and the stochastic frontier function. The results showed that the motivating factors for agripreneurship among women were the quest to take care of the family, be financially independent, have increased income and be self-employed. The mean entrepreneurial, managerial and prudent efficiencies of the women were 0.78, 0.60 and 0.47, respectively. This indicates that there is still room for welfare gain by the women through improvement in their efficiency levels. The main determinants of output by the women were the quantity of shea nuts, water, and labour used. Meanwhile, educational status, access to extension services and membership in cooperatives had a direct effect on the level of entrepreneurial efficiency of the women, while their inefficiency increases with age. Entrepreneurial drive by the women was constrained by inadequate governmental and institutional support, poor credit facilities, lack of training on entrepreneurial development, poor potable water supply, and seasonality of the shea nuts. This study advocates efforts by the government and relevant stakeholders to support women to improve their agripreneurial efficiency. This could be achieved through the provision of processing technology, financial aid and training on entrepreneurial development.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2022-12-30 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202210116962
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 123, No 2 (2022)
eng
Copyright (c) 2022 Author(s)
oai:jarts.info:article/3499
2020-01-13T13:30:22Z
jarts:ART
"191202 2019 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Biofuels and livelihoods: Empirical findings on the welfare impacts of Jatropha cultivation in the Mangochi district, Southern Malawi
Chamdimba, Owen Yoram
University of KwaZulu Natal
School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Science,
Private Bag X01,
Scottsville 3209, South Africa.
Ortmann, Gerald F.
University of KwaZulu-Natal
Wale, Edilegnaw
University of KwaZulu-Natal
Array
This study evaluates the welfare impacts of jatropha (Jatropha carcus) cultivation measured as consumption expenditure per adult-equivalent for smallholders in southern Malawi. Household survey data from the southern region of Malawi collected in 2014 from 303 smallholders using purposive and random selection strategies were used. Propensity score matching and endogenous switching regression methods were employed to address the selection bias problem and to control for observed and unobserved covariate effects. The analysis suggests that when selection bias and endogeneity were accounted for, jatropha cultivating farmers' welfare was lower as compared to their counterparts. In the absence of tangible empirical evidence on welfare benefits to smallholder jatropha feedstock producers, this study concludes that jatropha is unlikely to bring meaningful welfare benefits to smallholders. As such, further research should consider pursuing other potential biofuel options like ‘moringa” for biodiesel in the future Malawi biofuels policy. These findings also show that biofuels are not a panacea to the rural development and welfare of smallholders. Rather, the results suggest that programme initiatives which build household assets need to be encouraged to improve the plight of rural households largely dependent on agriculture.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2019-12-02 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20191030734
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 120, No 2 (2019)
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/download/3499/11849
Copyright (c) 2019 Authors
oai:jarts.info:article/1924
2016-06-10T14:36:12Z
jarts:ART
"160127 2016 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
An analysis of household farm investment decisions under varying land tenure arrangements in Ghana
Ayamga, Michael
Faculty of Agribusiness and Communication Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale Ghana
Yeboah, Richard W. Nartey
Faculty of Agribusiness and Communication Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale Ghana
Ayambila, Sylvester Nsobire
Faculty of Agribusiness and Communication Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale Ghana
Array
Land tenure insecurity is widely perceived as a disincentive for long-term land improvement investment hence the objective of this paper is to evaluate how tenure (in)security associated with different land use arrangements in Ghana influenced households’ plot level investment decisions and choices. The paper uses data from the Farmer-Based Organisations (FBO) survey. The FBO survey collected information from 2,928 households across three ecological zones of Ghana using multistaged cluster sampling. Probit and Tobit models tested the effects of land tenancy and ownership arrangements on households’ investment behaviour while controlling other factors. It was found that marginal farm size was inversely related to tenure insecurity while tenure insecurity correlate positively with value of farm land and not farm size. Individual ownership and documentation of land significantly reduced the probability of households losing uncultivated lands. Individual land ownership increased both the probability of investing and level of investments made in land improvement and irrigation probably due to increasing importance households place on land ownership. Two possible explanations for this finding are: First, that land markets and land relations have changed significantly over the last two decades with increasing money transaction and fixed agreements propelled by population growth and increasing value of land. Secondly, inclusion of irrigation investment as a long term investment in land raises the value of household investment and the time period required to reap the returns on the investments. Households take land ownership and duration of tenancy into consideration if the resource implications of land investments are relatively huge and the time dimension for harvesting returns to investments is relatively long.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2016-01-15 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2015120349476
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 117, No 1 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/387
2018-06-20T09:17:56Z
jarts:ART
"120919 2012 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Effects of red brick production on land use, household income, and greenhouse gas emissions in Khartoum, Sudan
Abdalla, Ishtiag
Department of Farm Management
University of Kassel, Faculty 11
Steinstraße 19
D - 37213 Witzenhausen
Agriculture Economics and Policy Research Center, Agriculture Research Corporation (ARC), Khartoum Nourth, Shambat, Sudan
Abdalla, Sahar Babiker
Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
Land and Water Research Center, Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC), Wad Medani, Sudan
El-Siddig, Kamal
Land and Water Research Center, Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC), Wad Medani, Sudan
Möller, Detlev
Farm Management, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
Buerkert, Andreas
Department of Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystem Research in the Tropics and Subtropics
University of Kassel, Faculty 11
Steinstraße 19
D - 37213 Witzenhausen
Array
In Khartoum (Sudan) a particular factor shaping urban land use is the rapid expansion of red brick making (BM) for the construction of houses which occurs on the most fertile agricultural Gerif soils along the Nile banks. The objectives of this study were to assess the profitability of BM, to explore the income distribution among farmers and kiln owners, to measure the dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and organic carbon (C_org) in cow dung used for BM, and to estimate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from burned biomass fuel (cow dung and fuel wood). About 49 kiln owners were interviewed in 2009 using a semi-structured questionnaire that allowed to record socio-economic and variable cost data for budget calculations, and determination of Gini coefficients. Samples of cow dung were collected directly from the kilns and analyzed for their nutrients concentrations. To estimate GHG emissions a modified approach of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was used. The land rental value from red brick kilns was estimated at 5-fold the rental value from agriculture and the land rent to total cost ratio was 29% for urban farms compared to 6% for BM. The Gini coefficients indicated that income distribution among kiln owners was more equal than among urban farmers. Using IPCC default values the 475, 381, and 36 t DM of loose dung, compacted dung, and fuel wood used for BM emit annually 688, 548, and 60 t of GHGs, respectively.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2012-09-19 13:46:28
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012061541345
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 113, No 1 (2012)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/4333
2021-06-29T11:30:55Z
jarts:ART
"210607 2021 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Incorporation of dried goat rumen contents in layer diets improves egg yolk colour and acceptability of eggs
Mwesigwa, Robert
National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), Rwebitaba Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute, P.O BOX 96, Fort Portal, Uganda
Migwi, Perminus Karubiu
Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, P.O Box 536 Egerton 20115 Kenya
King’ori, Anthony Macharia
Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, P.O Box 536 Egerton 20115 Kenya
Onjoro, Paul Anthans
Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, P.O Box 536 Egerton 20115 Kenya
Mwesigwa, Moses
National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), Mukono Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute, P.O BOX 164, Mukono, Uganda
Lumu, Richard
National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), Mukono Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute, P.O BOX 164, Mukono, Uganda
Array
The use of dried goat rumen content (DGRC) as a partial replacement for fish meal in layer diets was investigated. A total of 90 H N Brown Nick layer chickens were offered diets in which DGRC were incorporated at 0, 5 and 10% levels. Iso-caloric and nitrogenous diets were formulated to meet the recommended nutritional requirements for laying hens. Experimental birds were assigned to 9 cages (10 birds/cage) and experimental diets offered in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Data was collected on egg production and sensory characteristics of the eggs, and a partial budget analysis was undertaken. Diet significantly (P 0.05) affected average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). There was an increase in ADFI and FCR with increasing levels of DGRC in the diets. The results showed that, though there was a gradual decrease in laying percentage with increase of DGRC in the diets, laying percentage did not differ in layers fed on 0 and 5% DGRC diets (P 0.05). Eggs from layers offered 10% DGRC were more acceptable than those of layers fed on 0 and 5% diets. A significant effect (P 0.05) of treatments on yolk colour was observed. Eggs from 10% DGRC diets had more deep yellow yolks than eggs from 0 and 5% diets. It was concluded that use of DGRC in layer diets improved yolk colour, acceptability of the eggs and marginal rate of return (MRR).
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2021-02-16 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202105253966
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 122, No 1 (2021)
eng
Copyright (c) 2021 Authors
oai:jarts.info:article/2984
2018-01-03T17:08:13Z
jarts:ART
"171220 2017 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Production and milk marketing strategies of small-scale dairy farmers in the South of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Neutzling, Aline dos Santos
Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel and Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Steinstrasse 19, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany;
Current affiliation: Program de Pós Graduacao, Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Dossa, Luc Hippolyte
Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel and Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Steinstrasse 19, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany; Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 03 BP 2819 Cotonou Jéricho, République du Bénin
Schlecht, Eva
Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel and Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Steinstrasse 19, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
Array
Milk production is a socio-economically relevant activity for many small-scale family farms in southern Brazil. The objective of this study was to analyse their production and marketing strategies. A questionnaire was administered to 199 farm households in Rio Grande do Sul State to collect information on farm assets and activities, and particularly on the contribution of milk sale to farm income. Through categorical principal component analysis and two-step clustering, farmers were classified into three types: farmers selling only milk (M); farmers selling cash crops and milk (CM); farmers selling cash crops and surplus milk (Cm). Cattle herd (heads) and size of pasture land were larger on M farms (114 ±71.9; 51 ±49.4 ha) than on CM (31 ±13.4; 9 ±8.9 ha) and Cm (12 ±7.5; 5 ±8.1 ha) farms. Livestock husbandry contributed 71, 59 and 16 % to family income on M, CM and Cm farms, respectively. Daily milk production of the individual cow depended on the area cultivated with fodder maize (ha per cow; p ≤ 0.001), on sale of milk to cooperatives or to private companies (p ≤ 0.01), on summer pasture area (ha per cow; p = 0.001) and on daily amount of concentrates offered (kg per cow; p ≤ 0.01). These results indicate that the area available for fodder cultivation is a key factor for milk production on small-scale dairy farms in southern Brazil, while concentrate feeding plays a less important role even for highly market-oriented farms. This must be accounted for when exploring options for strengthening the regional small-scale milk production, in which dairy cooperatives do play an important role.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2017-06-26 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017110853733
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 118, No 2 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS)
oai:jarts.info:article/799
2014-08-07T15:42:08Z
jarts:ART
"140807 2014 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Wild food trees in Eastern Nuba Mountains, Sudan: Use diversity and threatening factors
Salih, Nagwa Kamal-Eldin M.
Forestry Research Centre,
Agricultural Research Corporation,
P.O. Box 13390, Khartoum, Sudan
Ali, Abbas Hassan
Forestry Research Centre,
Agricultural Research Corporation,
El Obeid Research Station
P.O. Box 429, El Obeid, Sudan
Array
This study was conducted in 2010 in Eastern Nuba Mountains, Sudan to investigate ethnobotanical food and non-food uses of 16 wild edible fruit producing trees. Quantitative and qualitative information was collected from 105 individuals distributed in 7 villages using a semi-structured questionnaire. Also gathering of data was done using a number of rapid rural appraisal techniques, including key informant interviews, group discussion, secondary data sources and direct observations. Data was analysed using fidelity level and informant consensus factor methods to reveal the cultural importance of species and use category. Utilizations for timber products were found of most community importance than food usages, especially during cultivated food abundance. Balanites aegyptiaca, Ziziphus spina-christi and Tamarindus indica fruits were asserted as most preferable over the others and of high marketability in most of the study sites. Harvesting for timber-based utilizations in addition to agricultural expansion and overgrazing were the principal threats to wild edible food producing trees in the area. The on and off prevailing armed conflict in the area make it crucial to conserve wild food trees which usually play a more significant role in securing food supply during emergency times, especially in times of famine and wars. Increasing the awareness of population on importance of wild food trees and securing alternative income sources, other than wood products, is necessary in any rural development programme aiming at securing food and sustaining its resources in the area.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2014-08-07 17:42:10
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2014020344903
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 115, No 1 (2014)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/127
2016-04-06T10:36:21Z
jarts:ART
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Farmers’ Choice of the Modern Rice Varieties in the Rainfed Ecosystem of Nepal
Joshi, Ganesh
Department of Agriculture,
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives,
HMG Nepal,
email: grjoshi20@yahoo.com
Bauer, Siegfried
Department of Project and Regional Planning,
JLU, Giessen, Germany,
email: siegfried.bauer@agrar.uni-giessen.de
Array
In an effort to increase the productivity of rice in Nepal, several modern varieties have been released. Farmers have adopted these varieties to varying degrees depending upon the types of production environment and the considerations for attributes. This paper attempts to identify factors that condition the adoption of selected modern varieties of rice using a multinomial logit model including both production and consumption attributes valued by the farmers and farm and farmer related variables. The results show that both categories of variables are significant in determining the demand for a specific variety. The results of this paper have implications for crop improvement and the modern variety adoption. Research approaches that incorporate farmers’ preferences for various attributes of rice in breeding programs and extension strategies have to be adopted. Various types of methods such as demonstration and farmer- participatory trials could be effective vehicles in this regard. Also the research system should develop a range of varieties in order to meet the multiple concerns of the farmers as a single variety may not be able to fulfill all of their concerns.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2006-11-01 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/127
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 107, No 2 (2006)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/85
2016-04-06T08:10:19Z
jarts:ART
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Plant Species Diversity of Home Gardens in El Obeid, Central Sudan
Gebauer, Jens
Agricultural Research Corporation,
El Obeid Research Station,
P.O. Box 429, El Obeid, Sudan
(correspondence and current address: Organic Plant Production & Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, Institute of Crop Science, Steinstr.
Array
Home gardens are very common in El Obeid, but information about plant species diversity and its significance for household food supply is not available. To analyse this, cultivated plants of 81 home gardens were surveyed. The plants studied in the home gardens included those for human consumption such as fruit trees, wild fruit trees and vegetables. In total, 32 plant species were found in the study gardens. The range of species was found, because irrigation is used under semiarid conditions. However, the lack of continuous sufficient irrigation water is the main factor which prevents an increase in species number and species diversity. In general, home garden products are mainly used as supplemental food in households and not sold on local markets.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2005-11-01 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/85
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 106, No 2 (2005)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/52
2016-04-06T08:00:14Z
jarts:ART
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Productivity and Breeding Strategies of Sheep in Indonesia: A Review
Sodiq, Akhmad
Dept. of Animal Production,
University of Jenderal Soedirman,
P.O. Box 110 Purwokerto, Central Java, Indonesia
Tawfik, Ezzat S.
Head of the Department of International Animal Husbandry,
University of Kassel,
Steinstr. 19, D-37213 Witzenhausen
Array
There are two distinct types of sheep in Indonesia: thin-tailed and fat-tailed, with some strain differentiation within each. The most important sheep breeds of Indonesia are the Javanese Thin Tail (JTT) and Javanese Fat Tail (JFT) sheep of West and East Java, respectively. Included are strains of thin tailed sheep Sumatra Thin Tailed (STT), Semarang, Garut and the Priangan sheep. The government also introduced some temperate sheep breeds (such as: Merino, Suffolk, Dorset, Suffas, Dormer, St.Croix and Barbados Blackbelly sheep). The purposes of this paper are to review the potential of productivity for local sheep and their crosses with some imported sheep breeds. The concepts of breeding strategies for sheep in Indonesia are also discussed in three parts: (1) evaluation and improvement of local breeds (2) nucleus structure, and (3) gene migration (crossbreeding).
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2004-05-01 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/52
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 105, No 1 (2004)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/4727
2022-10-04T13:14:29Z
jarts:ART
"220307 2022 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Mechanisms and consequences of benefit sharing from oil palm agribusiness plantations establishment in South Comoé Region, Côte d’Ivoire
Effossou, Kablan Antoine
Centre for Environmental Sciences (CFES), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
Azong Cho, Moses
Precision Agriculture Group, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa
Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa
School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Ramoelo, Abel
Centre for Environmental Sciences (CFES), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
Azong Cho, Matilda
School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
Array
One of the main difficulties facing agribusiness development in Cote d’Ivoire, is the issue of benefit sharing. Although communal land is expected to be equitably beneficial to all who have a stake on the land, unclear benefit sharing principles and modalities affect the implementation of benefit sharing to the disadvantage of the rural communities. Using a qualitative research approach, the study investigates if the benefit sharing approach practiced by oil palm plantations investors in South Comoé align with globally established standards of access and benefit sharing (ABS). To this end data for the study was collected from 50 participants: rural community members (N=36), agribusiness developers (N=6) and local government authorities (N=8). The results revealed inequality in the land acquisition and benefit sharing negotiation process in favour of local elites. Lack of fairness experienced in the benefit sharing approach in the districts of Aboisso, Bonoua and Adiaké was attributed to the lack of institutional, policy and legal frameworks to guide a fair benefit sharing. Inequality in benefit sharing scheme affects the working relationship between the parties thus generating tensions with consequences on the stability of commercial farming. The study contributes to the debate on the marginalisation of smallholders in the distribution of benefits from agribusiness investments. Therefore, the designing of policies and practical measures that bring together rural communities and agribusiness developers to negotiate fair benefit sharing terms in line with international standards including honesty, inclusive participation of rural community in land acquisition process are recommended.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2022-01-25 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202201195573
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 123, No 1 (2022)
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/download/4727/15795
Copyright (c) 2022 Authors
oai:jarts.info:article/3453
2019-11-19T17:17:05Z
jarts:ART
"190710 2019 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Consumer insights that drive value creation opportunities in the Indonesian domestic apple supply chain
Zamzami, Lizia
Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Institute (ICSFRI), Jl. Raya Tlekung, Junrejo, Batu, Indonesia
Ariyawardana, Anoma
School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0947-9559
Array
Agrifood chains that are based on the values defined by end consumers are able to secure a competitive edge over other chains, but securing that competitive edge requires a thorough understanding of the consumers and their value preferences. This study was conducted with a view to understanding domestic apple consumers in Malang, Indonesia, and using that information to guide the opportunities for domestic apple supply chain development in Indonesia. Data were collected through an intercept survey of 200 apple consumers. The survey was designed to identify the respondents’ consumption and buying patterns, as well as their attribute preferences for domestic apple compared to imported apple. Respondents were segmented based on their demographic profile and their value preferences for the domestic apple. Three significantly different clusters of domestic apple consumers were identified: the ‘indifferent consumers’ disregarded the importance of most attributes of domestic apples; the ‘pro-sensory consumers’ valued sensory attributes more than search attributes; and the ‘value seeking consumers’ rated most of the value attributes as important in making a purchase. This study identifies the need for value chain members to adopt practices along the chain that enhance particular attributes of domestic apples in order to increase value for each consumer segment.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2019-02-21 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20190613554
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 120, No 1 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Author(s)
oai:jarts.info:article/1171
2018-06-20T09:07:24Z
jarts:ART
"151007 2015 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Determination of the silvo-melliferous regions of Benin: a nationwide categorisation of the land based on melliferous plants suitable for timber production
Amakpe, Felicien
Laboratory of Molecular Entomology and Bee Pathology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Akouehou, Gaston S.
General Directorate of Forest and Natural Resources, Cotonou, Republic of Benin
de Graaf, Dirk C.
Laboratory of Molecular Entomology and Bee Pathology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Sinsin, Brice
Laboratory of Applied Ecology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Republic of Benin
Array
Perennial plants are the main pollen and nectar sources for bees in the tropical areas where most of the annual flora are burned in dry seasons. Therefore perennial plants constitute the most reliable bio materials for determining and evaluating the beekeeping regions of the Republic of Benin. A silvo-melliferous region (S-MR) is a geographical area characterised by a particular set of homogenous melliferous plants that can produce timber. Using both the prevailing climatic and the agro-ecological conditions six S-MRs could be identified, i.e. the South region, the Common Central region, the Central West region, the Central North region, the Middle North region and the Extreme North region. At the country level, the melliferous plants were dominated by Vitellaria paradoxa which is common to all regions. The most diversified family was the Caesalpiniaceae (12 species) followed by the Combretaceae (10 species) and Combretum being the richest genus. The effect of dominance is particularly high in the South region where Elaeis guineensis alone represented 72.6% of the tree density and 140% of the total plant importance. The total melliferous plant density varied from 99.3 plants ha^(−1) in the Common Central region to 178.0 plants ha^(−1) in the Central West region. On the basis of nectar and pollen source, the best region for beekeeping is the CentralWest region with 46.7% of nectar producing trees, 9.4% of pollen producing trees and 40.6% of plants that issue both, this in opposition to the South region which was characterised by an unbalanced distribution of melliferous trees.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2015-08-19 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2015061048473
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 116, No 2 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/307
2018-06-20T09:30:20Z
jarts:ART
"120113 2012 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Can commercialization of NTFPs alleviate poverty? A case study of Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Pierre ex Pax. kernel marketing in Cameroon
Cosyns, Hannes
Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Agronomy and Ethnobotany, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Degrande, Ann
World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Yaoundé, Cameroon
De Wulf, Robert
Laboratory of Forest Management and Spatial Information Techniques (FORSIT), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Van Damme, Patrick
Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Agronomy and Ethnobotany, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium /
World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF-GRP 1), Nairobi, Kenya
Tchoundjeu, Zac
World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Yaound´e, Cameroon
Array
Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Pierre ex Pax. kernel (njansang) commercialization has been promoted by the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) in project villages in Cameroon with the aim to alleviate poverty for small-scale farmers. We evaluated to what extent development interventions improved the financial situation of households by comparing project and control households. The financial importance of njansang to household livelihoods between 2005 and 2010 was investigated through semi-structured questionnaires with retrospective questions, focus group discussions, interviews and wealth-ranking exercises. The importance of njansang increased strongly in the entire study region and the increase was significantly larger in project households. Moreover, absolute numbers of income from njansang commercialization as well as relative importance of njansang in total cash income, increased significantly more in project households (p 0.05). Although the lower wealth class households could increase their income through njansang trade, the upper wealth class households benefited more from the projects' interventions. Group sales as conducted in project villages did not lead to significantly higher prices and should be reconsidered. Hence, promotion of njansang had a positive effect on total cash income and can still be improved. The corporative actors for njansang commercialization are encouraged to adapt their strategies to ensure that also the lower wealth class households benefit from the conducted project interventions. In this respect, frequent project monitoring and impact analysis are important tools to accomplish this adaptation.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2012-01-13 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2011101139365
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 112, No 1 (2011)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/4133
2021-06-29T11:30:55Z
jarts:ART
"210225 2021 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Factors for the success of agricultural cooperatives in Brazil
Oliveira Junior, Osmar de Paula
Universidade Federal de Goias (UFG) http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7884-6311
Wander, Alcido Elenor
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) http://www.embrapa.br https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9656-8773
Array
The Brazilian cooperative agribusiness is in a transitional phase. This moment is marked by the advancement of market globalisation, which has exerted great competitive pressure on national agribusiness. To survive and thrive in a globalised and fiercely competitive environment, cooperatives must face new challenges in the pursuit of competitiveness. This study aimed to identify and describe the main success or failure factors affecting agricultural cooperatives. To this end, bibliographic research was used as a research method, and 108 relevant works from the national and international literature were selected for analysis. The results pointed to the existence of 10 main success factors for agro-industrial cooperatives: conciliation of the dual agenda: social and economic goals; professionalisation of management; meeting the interests of multiple stakeholders; transaction cost management; risk and volatility management; improved commercialisation; competitiveness against traditional companies; technology adoption; sustainable development; and social responsibility. However, there is a gap regarding the existence of studies analysing, in an integrated manner, the prevalence and benefits of the success factors identified for agricultural cooperatives, especially those based in Brazil.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2021-02-16 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202102113202
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 122, No 1 (2021)
eng
Copyright (c) 2021 Authors
oai:jarts.info:article/2696
2018-06-15T12:19:32Z
jarts:ART
"170725 2017 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Index-based agricultural insurance products: challenges, opportunities and prospects for uptake in sub-Sahara Africa
Ntukamazina, Nepomuscene
Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053 – 00625 Nairobi, Kenya;
Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Burundi, Burundi
Onwonga, Richard N.
Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053 – 00625 Nairobi, Kenya
Sommer, Rolf
International Center for Tropical Agriculture, P.O. Box 823-00621, Nairobi, Kenya
Rubyogo, Jean-Claude
International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), P.O. Box 2704, Arusha, Tanzania
Mukankusi, Clare M.
International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), P.O. Box 6247, Kampala, Uganda
Mburu, John
Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00620 Nairobi, Kenya
Kariuki, Rahab
Agriculture and Climate Risk Enterprise, P.O. Box 45277-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
Array
Agricultural insurance products have been piloted in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to address climate related risks faced by farmers. However, these products in general face low rates of adoption in SSA. Factors and challenges that may explain the low uptake of index-based insurance products in SSA are reviewed in this paper with the objective of assessing and documenting (i) the insurance products available to farmers, (ii) factors influencing farmers to purchase insurance products, (iii) challenges limiting farmers accessing to insurance products and (iv) opportunities that can positively enhance uptake in SSA. This review reveals that area yield index insurance, index-based crop insurance and index-based livestock insurance have been piloted or implemented in the region. The uptake of these products was found to be positively correlated with on-farm income/savings, literacy, and family size with estimated coefficients of 0.211, 0.292 and 0.018, respectively; and negatively correlated with premium rate (−0.183), age of farmer (−0.058), land tenure (−0.800) and farm size (−0.167). Challenges that impede uptake of index-based products include weakness of regulatory environment and financial facilities, basis risk, quality and availability of weather data, capacity building of stakeholders (farmer, insurer, and regulator), and lack of innovation for local adaptation and scalability. The current gap between high promise and low uptake calls for farmer-driven product design, strong public-private partnerships and improved quality and availability of weather data.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2017-06-26 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017042052372
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 118, No 2 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS)
oai:jarts.info:article/649
2018-06-20T09:12:30Z
jarts:ART
"140130 2014 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Bud development, flowering and fruit set of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Horseradish Tree) as affected by various irrigation levels
Muhl, Quintin Ernst
Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa
du Toit, Elsa S.
Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Steyn, Joachim Martin
Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Apostolides, Zeno
Department of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Array
Moringa oleifera is becoming increasingly popular as an industrial crop due to its multitude of useful attributes as water purifier, nutritional supplement and biofuel feedstock. Given its tolerance to sub-optimal growing conditions, most of the current and anticipated cultivation areas are in medium to low rainfall areas. This study aimed to assess the effect of various irrigation levels on floral initiation, flowering and fruit set. Three treatments namely, a 900 mm (900IT), 600 mm (600IT) and 300 mm (300IT) per annum irrigation treatment were administered through drip irrigation, simulating three total annual rainfall amounts. Individual inflorescences from each treatment were tagged during floral initiation and monitored throughout until fruit set. Flower bud initiation was highest at the 300IT and lowest at the 900IT for two consecutive growing seasons. Fruit set on the other hand, decreased with the decrease in irrigation treatment. Floral abortion, reduced pollen viability as well as moisture stress in the style were contributing factors to the reduction in fruiting/yield observed at the 300IT. Moderate water stress prior to floral initiation could stimulate flower initiation, however, this should be followed by sufficient irrigation to ensure good pollination, fruit set and yield.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2014-01-30 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2013081343310
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 114, No 2 (2013)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/110
2016-04-06T10:34:59Z
jarts:ART
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Economic Impact Assessment for Technology: The Case of Improved Soybean Varieties in Southwest Nigeria
Ogunsumi, L. O.
Institute of Agricultural Research and Training,
Obafemi Awolowo University, Ibadan, Nigeria
Adegbite, A. A.
Institute of Agricultural Research and Training,
Obafemi Awolowo University, Ibadan, Nigeria
Oyekan, P. O.
Array
The Study on economic impact assessment for the production of improved soybean varieties in Nigeria was carried out in Nigeria using the agronomic data on yield of the nationally coordinated soybean research from two major zones namely the southwest and the middle belt.
The study assesses the economic returns due to improved soybean varieties. Primary data were collected with the use of structured and validated questionnaires. A sample of 288 respondents was drawn from four states namely Oyo, Ogun, Kwara and Niger State at 72 respondents per state.
Secondary data were collected from Agricultural Development Programme (ADP), International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, (IAR T), National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI), Central Bank of Nigeria CBN and Federal Office of Statistics (FOS).
An internal rate of return (IRR) of 38 percent was estimated from the stream of netted real social gains at 1985 constant.
The return to investment in soybean production technology is attractive and justifies the investments made on the technologies. The policy implication is that there is underinvestment in soybean production research.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2007-05-15 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/110
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 108, No 1 (2007)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/76
2016-04-06T08:40:54Z
jarts:ART
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Decomposition of Organic Substrates and their Effect on Mungbean Growth in Two Soils of the Mekong Delta
Becker, Mathias
Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation,
Department of Plant Nutrition,
University of Bonn,
Karlrobert-Kreiten Str. 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany,
e-mail: mathias.becker@uni-bonn.de
Asch, Folkard
Institute of Crop Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics,
University of Hohenheim, Germany
Chiem, Nguyen Huu
University of Cantho,
Cantho City, Vietnam
Ni, D. V.
University of Cantho,
Cantho City, Vietnam
Saleh, E.
Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation,
Department of Plant Nutrition,
University of Bonn, Germany
Tanh, K. V.
University of Cantho,
Cantho City, Vietnam
Tinh, T. K.
University of Cantho,
Cantho City, Vietnam
Array
Agricultural land use in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam is dominated by intensive irrigated rice cropping systems on both alluvial and acid sulfate soils. A stagnating and occasionally declining productivity may be linked on the alluvial soils to low N use efficiency and low soil organic matter content while on acid sulfate soils to acidity, Al toxicity and P deficiency. For economic reasons, farmers increasingly diversify their cropping system by replacing the dry season rice by high-value horticultural crops grown under upland conditions. However, upland cropping is likely to further exacerbate the soil-related problems. Organic substrates from decentralized waste and waste water management are widely available and may help to alleviate the reported soil problems. During the dry season of 2003/2004, the effect of the application of various types and rates of locally available waste products on crop performance was evaluated at both an alluvial and an acid sulfate soil site. The C and N mineralization dynamics of nine organic substrates from waste and waste water treatment were determined by anaerobic (N) and aerobic (C) incubation in the laboratory. The response of 12 week-old mungbean (dry matter accumulation) to substrate application (1.5 – 6.0 Mg ha−1) was evaluated on a degraded alluvial and on an acid sulfate soil. In the alluvial soil, largest mineralization rates were observed from anaerobic sludge. Biomass increases in 12 week-old mungbean ranged from 25-98% above the unfertilized control. In the acid sulfate soil, highest net-N release rates were observed from aerobic composts with high P content. Mungbean biomass was related to soil pH and exchangeable Al3+ and was highest with the application of aerobic composts. We conclude that the use of organic substrates in the rice-based systems of the Mekong Delta needs to be soil specific.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2008-04-30 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/76
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 109, No 1 (2008)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/41
2016-04-06T08:34:06Z
jarts:ART
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Effects of Biomass Ashes on Plant Nutrition in Tropical and Temperate Regions
Lopez, Raul
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences,
University of Granma, Bayamo 85100, Cuba
Padilla, Ernesto
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences,
University of Granma, Bayamo 85100, Cuba
Bachmann, Silvia
Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences,
University of Rostock, Germany
Eichler-Loebermann, Bettina
Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences,
University of Rostock, Germany,
E-mail: bettina.eichler@uni-rostock.de
Array
The drastic rise of prices for commercial fertilizers is one of the main obstacles to increase the productivity in crop production, mainly in poor countries. The search for alternatives therefore becomes very important. The reutilization of residues from bionergy processes for plant nutrition is an important concern to save fertilizers and to implement nutrient cycling in agriculture. For this study ashes derived from bioenergy production were investigated. The effect of sugar cane ash (SCA) on lettuce and cucumber was investigated in Cuba and the effects of ashes from wood (WA), poultry litter (PLA), and rape meal (RMA) on ryegrass and oil radish were investigated in Germany. Special attention was given to phosphorus (P) availability. Positive yield effects and an increased plant P uptake were found when ashes were applied (mainly SCA and RMA). Investigation regarding the effect of PLA on soil P pools showed that the ash application may also result in an increase of readily available P contents in soil. Furthermore, an increased plant uptake of potassium was found. The results indicate that ashes derived from the energetic use of biomass may provide a suitable source for plant nutrition.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2009-04-30 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/41
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 110, No 1 (2009)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/5287
2024-02-23T09:07:20Z
jarts:ART
"231113 2023 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Exploring the non-genetic factors that affect reproduction traits of Saanen Goats in Indonesia
Mamutse, Janet
Faculty of Animal Science, Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia
Susanto, Agus
Jenderal Soedirman University
Purwantini, Dattadewi
Faculty of Animal Science, Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia
Sumaryadi, Mas Yedi
Faculty of Animal Science, Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia
Subagyo, Yusuf
Faculty of Animal Science, Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia
Sodiq, Akhmad
Faculty of Animal Science, Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia
Array
Adjustment of trait records for different non-genetic factors increases the accuracy of genetic parameters and enables more accurate selection. This study aimed to investigate the non-genetic factors affecting reproductive traits in Saanen goats at the Baturraden breeding centre, Indonesia. The data of 71 Saanen does from the years 2014 to 2021 consisted of reproductive traits, namely, total birth weight (TBW), age at first kidding (AFK), kidding interval (KI), litter size (LS), multiple birth rate (MBR) and kidding failure rate (KFR). Non-genetic factors explored included parity, season of kidding (SK), and year of kidding (YK). The data was analysed using STATISTICA statistical package version 8.0. First, the descriptive statistics of reproductive traits were analysed; second, the effect of non-genetic factors on reproductive traits was analysed using one-way ANOVA. The mean ± SE values for the descriptive analysis were LS (1.28±0.41), TBW (6.35±0.24 kg), KI (9.46±0.28 months), AFK (15.63±0.64 months), MBR (29%) and KFR (17%). The one-way ANOVA results indicated significant effects of parity (p 0.05) on TBW and LS, while SK had a significant effect on AFK (p 0.0001), and YK had significant effects on TBW, AFK (p 0.0001), and LS (p 0.001). The TBW, LS and MBR increased as parity advanced, while KI declined with parity. The AFK was higher in dry season (19.3±3.58 months) than in wet season (13.3±3.05 months). Therefore, the study concluded that non-genetic factors have a significant effect on reproductive traits. Adjusting reproductive traits for significant non-genetic factors increases the accuracy of estimated genetic parameters and selection programs for these traits in Saanen goats.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2023-11-02 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202311028939
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 124, No 2 (2023)
eng
Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s)
oai:jarts.info:article/4249
2020-07-08T15:19:55Z
jarts:BREV
"200708 2020 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Manual de Bom Cafeicultor das terras altas. Diagnóstico, monitoria e auditoria das Boas Práticas Agrícolas (BPA) através da Metodologia do Sistema de Semáforo (SdS) em Cafezais de Angola by Pohlan, H.A.J. (Ed.)
Borgman, Jörg
Institut für tropische Landwirtschaft Leipzig e.V.
Array
Pohlan et al. verschreiben sich in der hier vorliegenden Veröffentlichung wiederum der Verbreitung Guter Anbaupraxis (GAP) als ein Muss zur Sicherung der Qualität eines erzeugten Produkts. Basierend auf dem Handbuch von Pohlan Slazar (2012) nutzen die Autoren ihre langjährigen Erfahrungen und passen die GAP in ihrem Handbuch für die Kaffeeerzeugung in Angola an.
Es stehen wiederum 50 Kriterien oder Kontrollpunkte im Mittelpunkt, die sie zu den bekannten 13 Säulen (Rubriken) der GAP im Kaffeeanbau gruppieren. Um den richtigen Umgang mit dem Kriterien zu verdeutlichen, wird das bereits erprobte System auf Basis der Ampel benutzt. Die 13 Rubriken, hergeleitet aus den verschiedenen Abschnitten des Kaffeeanbaus, einbezogen dabei auch der Einfluss der natürlichen Umweltbedingungen und die Einbindung in das soziale Umfeld, haben das Ziel, eine Standort bezogene, mit beruflicher, unternehmerischer und ökologischer Verantwortung gepaarte Bewirtschaftung des Kaffeeanbaus sicherzustellen.
Im Bereich der 50 einzelnen Kriterien stellt sich eine Gruppe von 11 Kriterien als absolute Ausschlusskriterien (rote Ampel) für den internationalen Marktzugang dar. Neben den zu erwartenden Barrieren bei unsachgemäßem Einsatz von Pestiziden, können auch Mängel in der Betriebsdokumentation und bei verschiedenen Analysen einen Marktausschluss herbeiführen. Besonders wichtig für die soziale Einordnung: Kinderarbeit ist vollkommen unzulässig. Weitere 15 Kriterien (gelbe Ampel) signalisieren bei Nichtbeachtung eine Gefahr für die Sicherung der guten fachlichen Praxis. Sie sind aber zunächst keine Ausschlusskriterien für den Marktzugang. In ihrer Mehrzahl beziehen sie sich auf Fehler im Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutz bei den Arbeitskräften. Sie beinhalten aber auch Fehler im Bodenschutz und bei der Qualitätssicherung des verwendeten Pflanzmaterials. Es verbleiben schließlich 24 Kriterien, deren Einhaltung an und für sich die gute agronomische Praxis im Kaffeeanbau ausmachen. Fehler werden extern nicht sanktioniert, wirken sich aber durch zu erwartende Einbußen in Qualität und Quantität des erzeugten Kaffees aus.
Pohlan et al. erweitern einen einheitlichen Standard für die Beurteilung der guten fachlichen Praxis (GAP) auf ein bedeutendes Anbaugebiet für Coffea arabica und C. canephora in Afrika. Sie ermöglichen jedem Anwender seinen Betrieb anhand klar definierter, quantifizierbarer Kriterien zu analysieren, so dass Fehler und Probleme eindeutig benannt sind. Im Resultat lässt sich ein Vorgehen zur Fehlerbehebung und -vorbeugung mit konkreten Maßnahmen ableiten. Die gute fachliche Praxis hält also, je nach Wunsch und Ausprägung, Einzug im Betrieb. Sie kann als Grundlage für ein internes Qualitätsmanagement eingesetzt werden.
Einigen sich Produzentengruppen, Vermarktungsorganisationen und Käufer auf die Gültigkeit der dargestellten Kriterien (Kontrollpunkte), so ist auch eine externe Prüfung der angewendeten guten fachlichen Praxis möglich. Das Qualitätsmanagement wird damit regional oder sogar national anwendbar. Eine Stärkung der vielen kleinen Erzeuger ist sicherlich das Ergebnis.
Ein zusätzlicher Höhepunkt des Buches ist die ausführliche Beschreibung der Herkunft und der Geschichte des Kaffeeanbaus in Angola. Sowohl C. canephora als auch C. arábica verfügen in Angola über eine lange Tradition. Diese in die gute fachliche Praxis einzubinden, sollte das Ziel für die künftige Entwicklung sein.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2020-07-08 00:00:00
Non-refereed Book Review
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/4249
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 121, No 1 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Authors
oai:jarts.info:article/2452
2018-06-20T09:01:08Z
jarts:ART
"161118 2016 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Risks, resources and reason: understanding smallholder decisions around farming system interventions in Eastern Indonesia
Grünbühel, Clemens M.
School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Pathumthani, Thailand
Williams, Liana J.
CSIRO Ecosystem Services, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Brisbane, Australia
Array
Adoption of new cattle management practices by Indonesian smallholders occurs less as a ‘technology transfer’ in the classical sense but rather as a series of conscious decisions by farming households weighing risks and resources as well as matching innovations to livelihood strategies. This paper uncovers the context of decisions and communication of innovations by way of social networks. The research looks at two geographically distinct cases where new cattle management practices have been introduced. We apply the lens of a common sense framework initially introduced by Clifford Geertz. Smallholder decisions are analysed within a socio-cultural context and a particular set of resources, risks and livelihood objectives. We show that the respective value placed on land, cattle and food security is central to adoption of new cattle management techniques. Far from accepting everything novel, smallholders are selective and willing to make changes to their farming system if they do not conflict with livelihood strategies. Innovations are communicated through a range of existing social networks and are either matched to existing livelihood strategies or perceived as stepping-stones out of agriculture.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2016-09-20 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016101851052
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 117, No 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016
oai:jarts.info:article/9
2016-04-04T15:09:59Z
jarts:ART
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Use of Combined Economic Threshold Level to Control Insect Pests
Ahmed, M. Mz.
Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC), New Halfa Research Station, New Halfa Town, P.O. Box 17, Sudan
Elhassan, A. M.
Kannan, H. O.
Array
The economic threshold level (ETL) is a key factor to be studied for insect pests control. It is difficult to monitor cotton insect pests separately, and it is not reasonable to base decision-making for spraying on an ETL of individual insects and ignore sub-levels of other cotton insect pests. So, we want to use a combined ETL in a way of insect units, to put all major insect pests to consideration as an insect pests‘ complex. This means delaying the first spray to give a chance for natural enemies to develop and then lower the number of sprays and consequently reduce the cost of production.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2002-11-01 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/9
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 103, No 2 (2002)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/5332
2024-03-25T20:52:07Z
jarts:ART
"240226 2024 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Influence of season and phytochemicals on the elemental composition of kobs’ diets in Old Oyo National Park, Nigeria
Alarape, Abideen Abiodun
Department of Wildlife and Ecotourism Management, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Adewale, Rilwan Oluyinka
Olabisi Onabanjo University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8615-1800
Akinsorotan, Oluseun Adesola
Department of Wildlife and Ecotourism Management, Osun State University, Nigeria
Oguntade, Oladele Abdulahi
Department of Crop Production, College of Agricultural Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria
Kolapo, Musifat Abosede
Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria
Olagunju, Solomon Oladimeji
Department of Crop Production, College of Agricultural Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria
Olayiwola, Richard Oluseyi
Department of Crop Production, College of Agricultural Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria
Womiloju, Mutajero Ayobami
Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria
Array
Phytochemicals or plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are known to counteract mineral nutrients (MNs) utilisation in herbivorous wildlife, yet studies on the interactions between PSMs and MNs in relation to herbivory, particularly for kobs (Kobus kob) are scarce. Composite samples of each of five major forage plants of kobs’ (Grewia mollis, Afzelia africana, Gardenia aqualla, Maranthes polyandra and Andropogon gayanus) were randomly collected in and around feeding sites of kobs in both dry and wet season. Using standard procedures, samples were analysed for PSMs (alkaloids, phenols, saponins and tannins) and MNs [copper (Cu2+), iron (Fe2+), manganese (Mn2+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), zinc (Zn2+), sulphur (S2-), sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+)]. With appropriate statistical tools, data obtained were analysed, compared and correlated. Almost all plants were significantly higher in all the tested MNs and PMSs in the wet season, except for Maranthes polyandra which showed the inverse trend for Cu2+, Mn2+, S2-, Na+ and K+. Apart from tannins that were absent, the concentration of other PSMs (in Grewia mollis) and Ca2+ (in Gardenia aqualla and Andropogon gayanus) were significantly higher in the dry season. In conclusion, the concentration of Na+, K+, S2-, Fe2+ and Zn2+ in selected forage plants of kobs were highly influenced by the presence of PSMs.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2024-02-23 13:26:22
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202402239638
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 125, No 1 (2024)
eng
Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s)
oai:jarts.info:article/319
2018-06-20T09:31:52Z
jarts:ART
"111006 2011 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Assessment of land use and land cover changes during the last 50 years in oases and surrounding rangelands of Xinjiang, NW China
Dittrich, Andreas
Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel,
Witzenhausen, Germany
Buerkert, Andreas
Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel,
Witzenhausen, Germany
Brinkmann, Katja
Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel,
Witzenhausen, Germany
Array
An analysis of historical Corona images, Landsat images, recent radar and Google Earth® images was conducted to determine land use and land cover changes of oases settlements and surrounding rangelands at the fringe of the Altay Mountains from 1964 to 2008. For the Landsat datasets supervised classification methods were used to test the suitability of the Maximum Likelihood Classifier with subsequent smoothing and the Sequential Maximum A Posteriori Classifier (SMAPC). The results show a trend typical for the steppe and desert regions of northern China. From 1964 to 2008 farmland strongly increased (+ 61%), while the area of grassland and forest in the floodplains decreased (- 43%). The urban areas increased threefold and 400 ha of former agricultural land were abandoned. Farmland apparently affected by soil salinity decreased in size from 1990 (1180 ha) to 2008 (630 ha). The vegetated areas of the surrounding rangelands decreased, mainly as a result of overgrazing and drought events.
The SMAPC with subsequent post processing revealed the highest classification accuracy. However, the specific landscape characteristics of mountain oasis systems required labour intensive post processing. Further research is needed to test the use of ancillary information for an automated classification of the examined landscape features.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2011-10-06 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/x-pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2011052737598
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 111, No 2 (2010)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/3652
2020-12-28T07:40:01Z
jarts:ART
"201103 2020 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Are there gender differences in access to and demand for East Coast fever vaccine? Empirical evidence from rural smallholder dairy farmers in Kenya
Jumba, Humphrey
Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Management, Egerton University, Kenya
Kiara, Henry
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
Owuor, George
Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Management, Egerton University, Kenya
Teufel, Nils
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
Array
Women lag in the adoption of agricultural innovations compared to men, mainly due to gender inequalities in access to complementary inputs, capital, and knowledge/information. The Infection-and-Treatment-Method (ITM) is considered a safe and effective method of controlling East Coast fever. However, since its commercialisation in Kenya differences in demand for this vaccine among smallholder men and women dairy cattle keepers have not been assessed. Using a sample of 448 respondents, we used an Average-Treatment-Effect framework to estimate ITM adoption rates under awareness constraints and the determinants of adoption among smallholder male-headed (MHHs) and female-headed (FHHs) households. We found some difference in ITM awareness between MHHs (57 per cent) and FHHs (46 per cent). However, gender adoption gaps in the actual and potential adoption rates were considerable, with actual adoption rates of 41 per cent and potential adoption rate of 62 per cent among MHHs, compared to 19 per cent actual and 31 per cent potential adoption for FHHs. The smaller adoption gap for FHHs indicates that only increasing awareness amongst FHHs will not reduce inequities. ITM adoption in both household headships was mainly determined by education, extension interventions, access to financial services, and social capital. In addition to this, ITM adoption in FHHs was positively influenced by age, land-size, and group membership. To realise adoption beyond the current potential and to reduce inequities at the scale-up stage, gender-specific interventions targeting resource-poor women cattle keepers would be effective, in addition to ensuring that women have access to extension and financial services.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2020-12-24 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202010191970
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 121, No 2 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Authors
oai:jarts.info:article/2758
2018-06-15T12:23:14Z
jarts:ART
"170323 2017 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Droughts and debts: The domestic tea value chain and vulnerable livelihoods in Girimukti village, West Java, Indonesia
Sumadio, Widyawati
Department of Geography, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia
Andriesse, Edo
Department of Geography, College of Social Sciences, Seoul National University
Aprilianti, Frimanisa
Department of Geography, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia
Sulyat, Andika
Department of Geography, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia
Array
This article is concerned with the linkages between the livelihoods of tea smallholders and domestic value chains in Indonesia. Theoretically, our empirical inquiry is informed by an integration of the sustainable livelihoods approach and value chain analyses. This enables a better investigation of micro (livelihoods) — meso (industry) — macro (national and international trends and political economy) interdependencies and interactions. In addition to value chains and socioeconomic challenges, tea smallholders in Indonesia are also confronted with droughts due to climate change and the 2015–2016 El Niño. The empirical work consisted of 36 semi-structured interviews in Girimukti village in West Java; a remote village relatively far from urban markets. Overall, our analysis demonstrates that tea smallholders are not poor, but are in a vulnerable position and remain far below the level of a stable lower-middle class. The smallholders lack human and financial capital and growing tea is not supported by horizontal coordination/social capital. In contrast, a few wealthy tea agripreneurs have established themselves as providers of inputs, intermediaries, tea drying factories, informal rural banks and village philanthropists. In other words, Girimukti is host to a process of increasing rural inequality driven by endogenous actors who are able to accumulate and concentrate tea assets and position themselves as essential nodes within the domestic tea value chain. The adaptive strategy of rural-urban migration from Girimukti to escape rural marginalisation is unattractive because of relatively low human capital levels.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2017-01-13 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017010351858
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 118, No 1 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS)
oai:jarts.info:article/665
2018-06-20T09:14:09Z
jarts:ART
"130809 2013 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Nitrogen requirements of cassava in selected soils of Thailand
Kaweewong, Jakchaiwat
-Department of Soil Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand,
email: arjan_joe@hotmail.com
-Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok,
Kongkaew, Thanuchai
-Department of Soil Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand,
email: arjan_joe@hotmail.com
-Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand, (CASAF, NRU-KU, Thailand)
Tawornprek, Saowanuch
-Department of Soil Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand,
email: arjan_joe@hotmail.com
-Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand, (CASAF, NRU-KU, Thailand)
Yampracha, Sukunya
Faculty of Agricultural Technology, KingMongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
Yost, Russell
University of Hawai`i at Manoa
Array
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is one of the most important export crops in Thailand, yet the nitrogen requirement is unknown and not considered by growers and producers. Cassava requirements for N were determined in field experiments during a period of four years and four sites on the Satuk (Suk), Don Chedi (Dc), Pak Chong (Pc),and Ban Beung (BBg) soil series in Lopburi, Supanburi, Nakhon Ratchasima, and Chonburi sites, respectively. The fertilizer treatment structure comprised 0, 62.5, 125, 187.5, 250 and 312.5 kg N ha^(-1) as urea. At each site cassava was harvested at nine months and yield parameters and the minimum datasets were taken. The fertilizer rate which resulted in maximum yield ranged from 187.5 kg N ha^(-1) in Supanburi and Chonburi (fresh weight yield of 47,500 and 30,000 kg ha^(-1) respectively) to 250 kg N ha^(-1) in Lopburi and Nakhon Ratchasima (fresh weight yield of 64,100 and 46,700 kg ha^(-1) respectively). Yield appeared to decrease at the higher, 312 kg ha^(-1), at Supanburi and Lopburi, and 250 kg ha^(-1) (Chonburi) fertilizer N rates. Net revenue was 70.4 and 72.9 % higher than where no N was appliedLopburi and Nakhon Ratchasima sites. Net revenue at the Supanburi and Chonburi sites were 53.8 and 211.0 % higher than that where no N was applied. This study suggests that at all sites improved cassava production and net revenue could be obtained with the judicious application of higher quantities of N. The results provide needed guidance to nitrogen fertilization of the important industrial crop cassava in Thailand.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2013-08-09 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012112842216
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 114, No 1 (2013)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/101
2010-05-13T20:36:58Z
jarts:ART
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Wirkungen eines polymeren Bodenverbesserers auf die Ertragsbildung von Hirse unter ariden Bedingungen
Banedjschafie, Schahram
Research Institute of Forests & Rangelands,
Desert Division,
P.O. Box 13185-116 Teheran/Iran
E-Mail: sbjschafie@rifr-ac.ir
Herzog, Helmut
Institut für Pflanzenbauwissenschaften,
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin,
Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 5, D-14195 Berlin
Array
Wasser ist in (semi)ariden Gebieten der entscheidende begrenzende Faktor in der Pflanzenproduktion. Unter dem Aspekt einer erhoehten Wasserspeicherung wurde die Wirkung einer Polymer-Gabe von 0 bzw. 0.3 % (G/G) zu drei B den (leicht/mittel/schwer) bei drei Bew sserungsfrequenzen (4-, 8-, und 12-t agig) auf die Ertragsbildung von Hirse (Panicum antidotale Retz), die Wasserspeicherung und N-Auswaschung im Freiland (nordwestlich von Teheran) gepr ft.
Vierzig Tage (d) nach Versuchsbeginn sank die berlebensrate der Pflanzen, insbesondere auf leichtem Boden und bei geringer Bew sserungsfrequenz progressiv. Polymer-Zusatz und eine erh hte Bewaesserungsfrequenz zeitigten bei allen Pflanzenmerkmalen klare positive Wirkungen, wobei z. T. deutliche Interaktionen, auch mit den Boeden bestanden. Auf allen B den, insbesondere aber auf mittlerem Boden, welcher die Rispenund Biomassebildung beg unstigte, war der Effekt des Polymerzusatzes bei geringer bzw. mittlerer Bew sserungsfrequenz am st rksten ausgepraegt. Die Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Versuchsfaktoren werden vor dem Hintergrund einer durch Polymerzusatz erhoehten Wasserspeicherung und verminderten N-Auswaschung diskutiert.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2006-04-30 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/101
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 107, No 1 (2006)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/66
2016-04-06T08:36:56Z
jarts:ART
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
A Survey of Myanmar Rice Production and Constraints
Naing, T. A. A.
Yezin Agricultural University,
Yezin, Myanmar
Kingsbury, A. J.
Department of Ecological Plant Protection, University of Kassel,
Nordbahnhofstr. 1a, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
Buerkert, Andreas
Department of Organic Crop Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and
Subtropics,
University of Kassel,
D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
Finckh, Maria R.
Department of Ecological Plant Protection, University of Kassel,
Nordbahnhofstr. 1a, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
phone: ++49-5542-98 15 62,
fax: ++49-5542-98 15 64,
email: mfinckh@uni-kassel.de
Array
Although modern high yielding varieties were introduced into Myanmar in the early 1980s, the national average of rice grain yield has stagnated at 3.2-3.4 t ha-1. To identify yield constraints, input intensities and the general practices of rice cultivation in Myanmar, a survey was conducted during the wet seasons of 2001 and 2002. A total of 98 farmers from five townships in Upper Myanmar and 16 in Lower Myanmar representing the most important areas of rice production were questioned on their management practices, yields, and perceived yield constraints over the previous four years. There was a recent decrease in the overall average rate of fertilizer application, an increase in the prevalence of rice-legume cropping systems, and only localized insect pest or disease problems. Additionally, rice yields were found to be higher in Upper Myanmar, likely the results of more suitable weather conditions, better irrigation, and ready market access. Furthermore, a number of critical factors affecting production are identified and possible solutions discussed.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2008-11-01 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/66
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 109, No 2 (2008)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/32
2016-04-04T15:29:38Z
jarts:ART
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Influencing Factors of Infestation of Endo and Ectoparasites on Hair Sheep in Tropical Ecuador
Suárez, Victor
University of Kassel, Department of International Animal Husbandry, Germany
Tawfik, Ezzat S.
University of Kassel,
Department of International Animal Husbandry,
Germany
Array
120 hair sheep were tested for faecal, skin and blood parasites. After three parasitological studies in humid Sucumbíos, it was proved that the parasitic charge is influenced by different factors. In the case of air temperature and humidity there was no variation detected between the seasons, although the parasitical charge rose in the course of this study. With regard to parasitic charge some systematic differences were found between the farming systems. Prophylactic measures such as rotational grazing, guarantee the food alternatives in the case of grass shortage, the strategic treatment with de-wormers and removal of excrement and garbage were recommended.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2003-11-01 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/32
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 104, No 2 (2003)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/5134
2023-11-02T13:28:12Z
jarts:ART
"230428 2023 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Plantain mycorrhization with native consortium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) induce solubilisation of metals (Fe2+ and Al3+) in soil from Azaguié (south-east of Côte d’Ivoire)
Bolou-Bi, Emile B.
Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan Côte d'Ivoire http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7803-3214
N'Guetta, Antoine Koua
Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan Côte d'Ivoire
Gnimassoun, Edwige-Gwladys K.
Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan Côte d'Ivoire
Ettien, Jean Baptiste D.
Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan Côte d'Ivoire
Array
New agroecological practices propose to manage soil fertility using soil microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). However, few studies have been conducted on the impact of plantain mycorrhization and metal (Fe2+ and Al3+) solubilisation in soil. This study evaluates the effectiveness of native AMF on plantain growth and metal leaching from soil. Trap plants (maize, sorghum and cowpea) were grown to produce various inoculums. Then, plantains were grown under controlled conditions, with six treatments (control, plantain without inoculum, plantain with maize root inoculum, vigna root inoculum, sorghum root inoculum and mixed root inoculum) replicated five times. Growth parameters were measured, and the rate of plantain root colonization was evaluated by determining the frequency or intensity of infection. The contents of metals in leached solutions were analyzed using ICP-OES. Results indicated the rate of plantain roots colonization by fungi was not significantly different between the different treatments. Plantain biomass remained very low whatever the treatment. However, plant inoculated with vigna roots inoculum had the highest biomass while plant inoculated with sorghum root inoculum showed the lowest biomass. Leached solutions from soils with inoculated plants had on average a pH value of one pH unit lower than leached solutions from soils without inoculum. In addition, plantain mycorrhization can promote the leaching of Fe2+ from the soil by acidification, whereas the difference between treatments was not significant for the concentration of Al3+ in solutions. These results suggest that the association of plantain with microorganisms remains a way for agroecological banana production in Côte d’Ivoire.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2023-02-21 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202302217528
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 124, No 1 (2023)
eng
Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s)
oai:jarts.info:article/3681
2020-07-08T15:19:55Z
jarts:ART
"200402 2020 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Does backyard-keeping of native sows by smallholders in Quezon, Philippines, offer sustainability benefits compared to more intensive management of exotic sow breeds?
Muth, Philipp C.
University of Hohenheim
Pöhlmann, Inga K.
University of Hohenheim
Bae, Sangeun
University of Hohenheim
Reiber, Christoph
University of Hohenheim
Bondoc, Orville L.
Los Banos University of the Philippines
Valle Zárate, Anne
University of Hohenheim
Array
The present study in Quezon, Philippines, assessed the sustainability of small-scale production systems, based either on native or on exotic sow breeds, using different survey tools in a socio-economic approach. In two research periods, data sets with 49 households and 68 households, respectively, all smallholder farmers keeping ≤5 sows, were compiled. In 2016, four municipalities were purposively selected, each representing one of Quezon’s four districts. In 2017, two municipalities, both with larger populations of native pigs, were re-visited in order to review and supplement the previously obtained information.
Small-scale pig production based on native sow breeds could result in less local environmental load than that based on exotic sows, as indicated by significantly closer approximation to organic standards, and a reduced public health impact. However, native sows were less productive than exotic sows, thus allowing only a reduced live weight offtake per household and year (274 vs. 607 kg). Regarding economic viability, both pig production systems were equally cost-effective and required similar weekly labour hours. The advantage of basing production on exotic sows was the possibility to make larger investments, a financial function that could not be met by native sows. The revenues from marketing piglets and porkers from native sows were low, preventing a better outcome. Conversion to organic production and certification could represent one strategy for development given that increasing the value added is putatively the only way to improve the cost-effectiveness of the production from native pigs in Quezon.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2020-07-08 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202002281033
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 121, No 1 (2020)
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/download/3681/12415
Copyright (c) 2020 Authors
oai:jarts.info:article/2419
2018-06-20T08:59:44Z
jarts:ART
"160920 2016 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Agricultural microcredit and technical efficiency: The case of smallholder rice farmers in Northern Ghana
Anang, Benjamin Tetteh
Department of Economics and Management, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Faculty of Agribusiness and Communication Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
Bäckman, Stefan
Department of Economics and Management, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
Sipiläinen, Timo
Department of Economics and Management, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
Array
In the current study, we compared technical efficiency of smallholder rice farmers with and without credit in northern Ghana using data from a farm household survey. We fitted a stochastic frontier production function to input and output data to measure technical efficiency. We addressed self-selection into credit participation using propensity score matching and found that the mean efficiency did not differ between credit users and non-users. Credit-participating households had an efficiency of 63.0 percent compared to 61.7 percent for non-participants. The results indicate significant inefficiencies in production and thus a high scope for improving farmers’ technical efficiency through better use of available resources at the current level of technology. Apart from labour and capital, all the conventional farm inputs had a significant effect on rice production. The determinants of efficiency included the respondent’s age, sex, educational status, distance to the nearest market, herd ownership, access to irrigation and specialisation in rice production. From a policy perspective, we recommend that the credit should be channelled to farmers who demonstrate the need for it and show the commitment to improve their production through external financing. Such a screening mechanism will ensure that the credit goes to the right farmers who need it to improve their technical efficiency.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2016-09-20 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016061350415
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 117, No 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016
oai:jarts.info:article/516
2014-10-31T16:35:57Z
jarts:ART
"130302 2013 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Varying the dietary supply of C and N to manipulate the manure composition of water buffalo heifers in Oman
Al-Asfoor, Husam
Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, and Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany
Schlecht, Eva
Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, and Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany
Sundrum, Albert
Animal Nutrition and Animal Health, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
Schiborra, Anne
Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen & University of Kassel, Group Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics
Array
Optimizing the composition of manure has the potential to reduce nutrient losses to the environment and to increase crop yields. In this study the effect of dietary ratios of carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) to soluble carbohydrates (SC) on faeces composition of water buffalo heifers was assessed. Two digestibility trials were conducted with 12 animals each, fed one control and four test diets composed to achieve (1) high C/N and high NDF/SC ratios (HH), (2) low C/N and low NDF/SC ratios (LL), (3) high C/N and low NDF/SC ratios (HL) and (4) low C/N and high NDF/SC (LH) ratios. Faecal C/N ratios were generally lower than dietary C/N ratios, but the reduction was especially large for high C/N ratio diets (HH=55 %, HL=51 %). Faecal N concentration was positively correlated (r^2 = 0.6; P 0.001) with N intake, but the increase in faecal N was more pronounced for diets that supplied low amounts of N. Faecal NDF concentration was positively related to NDF intake (r^2 = 0.42; P 0.001), as well as the faecal C/N ratio (r^2 = 0.3; P 0.001). Results demonstrate that C/N ratio and NDF concentration of buffalo manure were affected by diet composition. Diets with high C/N ratio and low NDF/SC ratio are preferable with regard to manure quality, but may not satisfy the nutritional requirements of producing animals, since N concentration in these diets was low and fibre concentration simultaneously high.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2013-03-02 21:46:13
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012092441809
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 113, No 2 (2012)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/4729
2021-12-31T15:56:33Z
jarts:ART
"211208 2021 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Analysis of the nutritional and productive behaviour of dairy cows under three rotation bands of pastures, Pichincha, Ecuador
Muñoz, Eloy Castro
Universidad Central del Ecuador
Jerónimo Leiton y Gato Sobral. Ciudadela Universitaria. Quito-Ecuador
tel: 593(2)2232-2402 Campus Quito www.uce.edu.ec
University of Liège
PhD Candidate in Agronomy and Bioengeering
Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (GxABT)
Precision Livestock and Nutrition/ Precision Agriculture lab
Passage des Déportés, 2
B-5030 Gembloux - Belgium www.ulg.ac.bl
Phone : +32 (0)81 62.21.33 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9070-6354
Herinaina Andriamandroso, Andriamasinoro Lalaina
Agriculture and Landscape Teaching and Research Department, ISA Lille, France
Beckers, Yves
Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Belgium
Ron, Lenin
Department of Forage Plants and Agrometeorology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Montufar, Carlos
Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Ecuador
da Silva Neto, Gentil F.
Department of Forage Plants and Agrometeorology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Borja, Juan
Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Ecuador
Lebeau, Frédéric
Digital Energy & Agriculture Lab (DEAL), Biosystems Dynamics and Exchanges (BioDynE), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège
Bindelle, Jérôme
Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Belgium
Array
This research was carried out on Pennisetum clandestinum-based pastures to identify the effect of three (3) types of stocking methods with similar forage allowance (8.2 kg of dry matter for 100 kg of live weight) but differing by the occupation times of the rotations (3 h, 24 h, and continuous) on the behaviour and the production of dairy cows. The experimental scheme consisted in three herds of four Holstein Friesian cows grazing three paddocks, one per rotation
type, for one week and replicated three times in a cross-over design. Pasture height and biomass were measured before and after each grazing week and on a daily basis, two cows per herd were monitored during daytime with activity sensors and their milk production was recorded. The main results showed that in all treatments the cows reduced the height of the sward by 40% on average. The cows in the continuous treatment spent more time in meals and tended to have higher average speed during the day than in the 3-h rotation ascribed to a higher exploration of the whole gradable area every day in the continuous treatment and to more time idling animals in the 3-h treatment in anticipation of the opening of new areas to graze over the course of day. Despite those difference in activity, milk production did not differ neither in quantity with an average of 12.4 0.14 kg per day, nor in quality (i.e., fat, protein, non-fatty solids, total solids). We conclude that under our grazing conditions with an intermediate forage allowance and low producing cows, applying a labour intensive stocking method requiring to open new areas every 3 hours does not lead to a significant production increase.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2021-08-04 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202112035148
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 122, No 2 (2021)
eng
Copyright (c) 2021 Author(s)
oai:jarts.info:article/3054
2019-01-16T09:29:19Z
jarts:ART
"180911 2018 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Typological characterisation of farms in a smallholder food-cash crop production system in Zimbabwe – opportunities for livelihood sustainability
Dunjana, Nothando
School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Marondera University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, P. O. Box 35, Marondera, Zimbabwe
Zengeni, Rebecca
School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
Muchaonyerwa, Pardon
School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
Wuta, Menas
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
Array
The diversity of smallholder farms in space, resource endowment, production and consumption decisions are often a hindrance to the design, targeting, implementation and scaling out of agricultural development projects. Understanding farm heterogeneity is crucial in targeting interventions that can potentially contribute to improved crop productivity, food security and livelihood sustainability. The study sought to define and understand farm typology in a resettlement smallholder food-cash crop production area in Zimbabwe. Data was collected from five focus group discussions (FGDs), and 102 household interviews. Principal component analysis (PCA), multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and cluster analysis were used to analyse quantitative and qualitative data variables and aggregate farms into clusters according to production means, socio-economics and demographics. The three identified farm types were (i) resource-endowed, commercial oriented farms, (ii) medium resourced and (iii) resource constrained farms practising subsistence and income oriented production. Labour was cited as a major challenge, with high labour cost relevant for type I farms, while household size has more bearing for type II and III farms. Ownership of tillage implements and operations varied from mechanised on resource endowed farms, to animal drawn on some medium and resource constrained farms. The farms exhibited variable livelihood strategies and all clusters exhibited market participation, albeit to varying extents. Thus strengthening of market links is imperative. Use of multivariate methods allowed for identification of the most discriminating variables for farm delineation and subsequent clustering of farms forms the basis for further exploring variability across farm types for the targeting of management interventions for livelihood sustainability.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2018-08-21 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2018040955223
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 119, No 2 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS)
oai:jarts.info:article/794
2015-06-02T15:42:53Z
jarts:ART
"150521 2015 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Factors affecting peasants’ empowerment in West Halmahera District – a case study from Indonesia
Aminah, Sitti
Bogor Agricultural University,
Research and Development Agency, Ministry of Home Affairs, Indonesia
Sumardjo, _
Center for Alternative Dispute Resolution (CARE), Bogor Agricultural University
Lubis, Djuara P.
Faculty of Human Ecology, Bogor Agricultural University
Susanto, Djoko
Faculty of Human Ecology, Bogor Agricultural University
Array
Agricultural development has not yet created empowered farmers in Indonesia. Most farmers living in eastern Indonesia are peasants with low access to development resources. This condition causes most of the peasants to be classified as poor citizens. This research was meant to formulate improvement strategies for empowerment of the peasants. The data were collected between March – May 2012 using the following methods: observation, interview and focus group discussion. The data was analysed using descriptive statistic and structural equation modelling (SEM) and showed that: (1) the empowerment of peasants was within the lowest category for all variables, namely: the peasant characteristics, the role of the agents for development, program quality, the learning process and access to environmental support, (2) the determining factors affecting the empowerment of the peasants were: program implementation quality, the role of the agents of development, environmental access and support, the peasant characteristics, and the appropriateness of the learning process and (3) the strategy to improve empowerment of the peasants could be through corrective efforts towards program implementation quality, the role of facilitators, environmental access and support while considering the peasant characteristics and the learning process of the peasants.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2015-05-21 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2014020344939
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 116, No 1 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/91
2016-04-06T08:13:40Z
jarts:ART
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Influence of Topping, Side Branch Pruning and Hill Spacing on Growth and Development of Cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) in the Southern Guinea Savanna Location of Nigeria
Obasi, M. O.
Department of Crop Production,
University of Agriculture,
P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Nigeria.
Msaakpa, T. S.
Department of Seed Science,
University of Agriculture,
P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Nigeria
Array
Two field experiments were carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria, during 2000 and 2001 seasons on Pima S2 cotton cultivar, to study the effects of hill spacing of 30, 35 and 40cm (plant population) and plant growth alteration treatments i.e. topping, side branch pruning at 120cm height, topping + pruning at 100cm height, topping + pruning at 120cm height on some vegetative and fruiting habits, earliness and seed cotton yield and its components.
Generally the combined data clarified that wider hill spacing increased number of monopodia, main stem internodes, sympodia, additional fruiting branch bolls, retended bolls, fruiting sites, percentage of bolls on vegetative branches, open bolls, boll weight and seed cotton yield. While it decreased final plant height, number of aborted sites, days to first open boll, earliness percentage and number of unopen bolls. However, plant alteration treatments had a positive effect on most studied traits and reversely depressed number of monopodia, aborted sites and earliness percentage compared with the control. Within plant alteration treatments, there were significant divergences. The results indicated that topping plants at 120cm height increased number of retended bolls, fruiting sites, days to first open boll, open boll, unopen bolls and seed cotton yield. Side branch pruning at 120cm height increased final plant height, monopodia, main stem internodes, sympodia, earliness percentage and boll weight. Topping + pruning at 100cm height only decreased number of aborted sites. Topping + pruning at 120cm height increased additional fruiting branch bolls, percentage of bolls on vegetative branches, boll weight and seed cotton yield. Topping at 120cm height and 40cm hill spacing resulted in the highest number of retended bolls and seed cotton yield.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2005-11-01 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/91
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 106, No 2 (2005)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/57
2016-04-06T08:03:03Z
jarts:ART
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Crop Performance and Yield of Groundnut, Sesame and Roselle in an Agroforesty Cropping System with Acacia senegal in North Kordofan (Sudan)
Fadl, Kamal E. M.
Agricultural Research Corporation,
El Obeid Research Station,
P.O. Box 429, El Obeid, Sudan
Gebauer, Jens
Dr. Jens Gebauer, Agricultural Research Corporation, Gezira Research Station, P.O. Box 126, Wad Medani, Sudan,
E-mail: jens.gebauer@rz.hu-berlin.de (corresponding address: Dept. of Fruit Science, Humboldt-University Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 14195 B
Array
Crop performance and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogea), sesame (Sesamum indicum) and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) were investigated in an intercropping system with Acacia senegal and compared with sole cropping. The study was conducted in North Kordofan (Sudan) on loamy sand. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with split plots.
Crop performance and crop yield of groundnut, sesame and roselle were significantly (p 0.05) reduced in the intercropping system compared to sole cropping. However, yield reduction in groundnut (53%) was much higher than in sesame (6%) and roselle (14%).
The reduction in yield of the intercropping plots could be due to the high tree density, which results in water and light competition between the trees and the agricultural crops.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2004-11-01 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/57
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 105, No 2 (2004)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/23
2016-04-04T15:25:40Z
jarts:ART
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Nutrient Composition of some Tropical Legumes Capable of Substituting Fish Meal in Fish Diets
Ogunji, Johnny O.
Department of Applied Biology,
Ebonyi State University,
P.M.B 053 Abakaliki, Nigeria,
Email: Ogunjijo@yahoo.com
Wirth, Manfred
Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Department of Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, D-12587 Berlin, Germany
Osuigwe, Donald I.
Department of Fisheries, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture,
Umudike, P.M.B. 7267 Umuahia , Nigeria
Array
Sword beans (Canavalia gladiata); Jackbean (Canavalia enciformis (L)); Mucuna bean (Mucuna pruriens); Mucuna cochiunensis; Bambara (Voandzeia subterranea) and Limabean (Phaseolus lunatus) are the tropical legumes considered in this paper. They have been used in the feed of ruminants but very scarcely considered in fish feed. Information about their nutrient composition are also scarce. Results from this study show that the protein contents of the test seeds ranged from 19.94% dry matter (DM), (Bambara) to 36.95% DM (Mucuna cochiunensis). Considering the high protein level required by fish for maximum growth and the presence of some ANFs, the seeds may not be able to be used in isolation without supplementing them with other food stuffs having higher protein value. The relatively high content of Nitrogen Free Extract (+ fibre) seem to suggest that the test seeds can be used in a semi-intensive setting to supply carbohydrate in fish diets. The seeds contain considerable amount of linoleic acid (18:2 n-6). The highest occurring in Lima beans. Sword beans and Jack beans are rich in oleic acid (18:1n-9). Palmatic acid (16:0) is high, while stearic acid (18:0) and myristic acid (14:0) are low. The amino acid compositions of the test seeds are not very adequate. Sword beans had a better amino acid profile though it seems deficient in some of the amino acids. The amino acid contents of Jack bean, Mucuna bean, Bambara and Lima bean look inadequate to provide a possible alternative to fish meal on individual basis. If to be used in fish feed formulation, combinating them with other protein sources, possessing higher contents of the limiting amino acids is strongly suggested. The potentials of these seeds in fish feed formulation seem high.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2003-11-01 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/23
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 104, No 2 (2003)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/4971
2023-02-21T20:51:31Z
jarts:ART
"221206 2022 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Morphological characterisation of three indigenous Mozambican cattle populations
King, Félix João Manuel
University of Pretoria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7762-0254
Banga, Cuthbert
Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa
Visser, Carina
University of Pretoria, Department of Animal Sciences, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
Array
Information on phenotypic and morphometric variation is important in the characterisation of indigenous cattle breeds. The objective of this study was to assess the morphological variation of the indigenous Angone, Landim, and Tete cattle breeds of Mozambique, kept under traditional management systems. These breeds are farmed mainly for meat and draught power, although they can produce some milk, especially the Landim. Data were collected through a survey of twenty-three villages in Maputo, Gaza, Inhambane (southern Mozambique), and Tete (central Mozambique) provinces. A total of 614 heads of adult animals including 140 Angone, 292 Landim, and 182 Tete were sampled. The collected qualitative and quantitative data were examined using SPSS version 16. The dominant coat pattern was even (no spotting) (59.5 %), with black being the most common coat colour (51.5 %), followed by light brown (26.5 %). The three breeds showed morphological differentiation based on size, body weight, and horn shape. Landim males and females were significantly (p 0.05) heavier than their Tete and Angone counterparts. Across breeds, the majority of cattle (95.2 %) had horns, and 66.9 % of these horns were curved. Individual assignment using discriminant function analysis revealed that 73.0 % of Landim, 77.4 % of Angone, and 59.9 % of Tete cattle were correctly assigned to their respective populations. Results from this study indicate a considerable phenotypic variation of Mozambican indigenous cattle and will assist in future improvement and conservation programs.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2022-12-30 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202212057192
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 123, No 2 (2022)
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/download/4971/16539
Copyright (c) 2022 Author(s)
oai:jarts.info:article/3578
2020-01-13T13:30:22Z
jarts:ART
"191212 2019 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
The impact of uncertainty on smallholder farmers' income in Kyrgyzstan
Azarov, Azamat
1. Czech University of Life Science Prague/Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences;
2. University of Central Asia/Mountain Societies Research Institute https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6398-9643
Maurer, Martin Klaus
Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Markgrafenstraße 16, 91746 Weidenbach
Weyerhaeuser, Horst
University of Central Asia, Mountain Societies Research Institute, Toktogul 138, 720001 Bishkek
Darr, Dietrich
Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Marie-Curie-Straße 1, 47533 Kleve
Array
The farming systems in the mountain areas of Kyrgyzstan are primarily characterised by small-scale crop and livestock activities. Farmers are faced with several environmental, socio-economic and political challenges and constraints that result in significant uncertainties affecting their operations. This paper attempts to model how various sources of uncertainty collectively affected the smallholders’ farm incomes during a mid-term horizon using Monte Carlo simulation. The analyses were based on data collected through a survey of 235 smallholder farms in the medium and high-elevation mountains ranges and expert interviews. We defined a static and a dynamic scenario, the latter of which incorporating likely adjustments in land use and production methods by farmers in response to changing prices and factor costs. Our results suggest that to benefit from improving market opportunities, farmers should adjust and modify their farm management by expanding cash crops in the medium-elevation ranges or increasing herd sizes and fodder cultivation in high-altitude ranges. Results also indicate that farmers in the medium elevations benefit more from these opportunities than farmers in higher altitudes. The paper concludes with some practical recommendations for agricultural policy making in Kyrgyzstan.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2019-12-02 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20191127816
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 120, No 2 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Authors
oai:jarts.info:article/2019
2016-06-10T14:36:12Z
jarts:ART
"160319 2016 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Farmers’ knowledge and perceptions of potato pests and their management in Uganda
Okonya, Joshua Sikhu
DCE Crop Systems Intensification and Climate Change (CSI-CC),
International Potato Center (CIP),
P.O. Box 22274, Kampala, Uganda
Kroschel, Jürgen
DCE Crop Systems Intensification and Climate Change (CSI-CC),
International Potato Center (CIP),
P.O. Box 1558, Lima 12, Peru
Array
As we initiate entomological research on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Uganda, there is need to understand farmers’ knowledge of existing insect pest problems and their management practices. Such information is important for designing a suitable intervention and successful integrated pest management (IPM) strategy. A farm household survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted among 204 potato farmers in six districts of Uganda (i.e., Kabale, Kisoro, Mbale, Kapchorwa, Mubende, and Kyegegwa) during August and September 2013. Diseases, insect pests, price fluctuations, and low market prices were the four highest ranked constraints in potato production, in order of decreasing importance. Cutworms (Agrotis spp.), aphids (Myzus persicae (Sulzer)), and potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller)) were the three most severe insect pests. Ants (Dorylis orantalis Westwood), whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)), and leafminer flies (Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard)) were pests of moderate importance. Major yield losses are predominantly due to late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) and reached 100% without chemical control in the districts of Kabale, Kisoro, Mbale, and Kapchorwa. On average, farmers had little to moderate knowledge about pest characteristics. The predominant control methods were use of fungicides (72% of respondents) and insecticides (62% of respondents). On average, only 5% of the 204 farmers knew about insect pests and their natural enemies. This lack of knowledge calls for training of both farmers and extension workers in insect pest identification, their biology, and control. Empowering farmers with knowledge about insect pests is essential for the reduction of pesticide misuse and uptake of more environmentally friendly approaches like IPM. Field surveys would need follow-up in order to assess the actual field infestation rates and intensities of each insect pest and compare the results with the responses received from farmers.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2016-01-15 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016012549800
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 117, No 1 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016
oai:jarts.info:article/408
2018-06-20T09:18:16Z
jarts:ART
"120919 2012 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Yield gap analysis and assessment of climate-induced yield trends of irrigated rice in selected provinces of the Philippines
Angulo, Carlos
Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Germany
Becker, Mathias
Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Germany
Wassmann, Reiner
International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines, working as integrated expert funded by CIM/GIZ
Array
This study describes a combined empirical/modeling approach to assess the possible impact of climate variability on rice production in the Philippines. We collated climate data of the last two decades (1985-2002) as well as yield statistics of six provinces of the Philippines, selected along a North-South gradient. Data from the climate information system of NASA were used as input parameters of the model ORYZA2000 to determine potential yields and, in the next steps, the yield gaps defined as the difference between potential and actual yields. Both simulated and actual yields of irrigated rice varied strongly between years. However, no climate-driven trends were apparent and the variability in actual yields showed no correlation with climatic parameters. The observed variation in simulated yields was attributable to seasonal variations in climate (dry/wet season) and to climatic differences between provinces and agro-ecological zones. The actual yield variation between provinces was not related to differences in the climatic yield potential but rather to soil and management factors. The resulting yield gap was largest in remote and infrastructurally disfavored provinces (low external input use) with a high production potential (high solar radiation and day-night temperature differences). In turn, the yield gap was lowest in central provinces with good market access but with a relatively low climatic yield potential. We conclude that neither long-term trends nor the variability of the climate can explain current rice yield trends and that agroecological, seasonal, and management effects are over-riding any possible climatic variations. On the other hand the lack of a climate-driven trend in the present situation may be superseded by ongoing climate change in the future.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2012-09-19 13:46:28
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012082241643
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 113, No 1 (2012)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/4509
2021-12-31T15:56:33Z
jarts:ART
"211028 2021 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Effect of different mechanical seed scarification methods on germination and emergence dynamics of baobab (Adansonia digitata L.)
Jansen, Lennart
Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel
Wichern, Florian
Rhine-Waal University of Applied Science
Gebauer, Jens
Rhine-Waal University of Applied Science
Array
The African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is a multipurpose fruit-producing tree that is indigenous to the African savannahs. Commercial interest in the species has grown in recent years. The major obstacle of seed-based propagation of baobab is its inherent seed dormancy. Therefore, in this study the effects of different mechanical seed scarification methods on seed germination parameters and seedling development of A. digitata were tested. The results show that mechanical scarification had a significant effect on germination and emergence dynamics of A. digitata. The highest total emergence percentage with 61.7% was achieved by scarifying the seeds with a saw on the hilum side. Cotyledon damage due to mechanical scarification occurred in all treatments. Proportions of damage categories depended significantly on treatment. The largest proportion of undamaged cotyledons was with 63.6% achieved by scarifying the seeds with a saw on the hilum side. This precise technique may be suitable for mass propagation of baobab in a rural setting but the effects of scarification methods on seedling emergence should be further investigated.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2021-08-04 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202107134322
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 122, No 2 (2021)
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/download/4509/15234
Copyright (c) 2021 Authors
oai:jarts.info:article/3082
2018-07-02T09:22:06Z
jarts:ART
"180404 2018 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Impact of agricultural activities on pesticide residues in soil of edible bamboo shoot plantations
Wang, Yali
Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Pesticide, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang Province, 311300, P.R. China
Yu, Hongshi
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang Province, 311300, P.R. China
Gao, Wei
State Forest Protection Station, Shengyang, 110034, P.R. China
Bai, Liqun
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang Province, 311300, P.R. China
Hu, Jiafu
Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Pesticide, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang Province, 311300, P.R. China / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang Province, 311300, P.R. China
Array
Edible bamboo shoot is one of the most important vegetables in Asian countries. Intensive agricultural management measures can cause many negative influences, such as soil acidification and excessive pesticide residues. In the present study, more than 300 soil samples were collected from edible bamboo shoot plantations in six areas throughout Zhejiang province, China, to investigate the soil pesticide pollution and its change after different agricultural activities. Thirteen organic chemicals were detected; nine less than that detected during a similar study executed in 2003–2004. All the detected residues were far below the Chinese national environmental standards for agricultural soils. The pesticide residues in bamboo plantations showed a decline over the past decade. Organic materials used for mulching and plantation’s background of being formerly a paddy field are two important factors increasing the pesticide residues. Conversely, lime application to acidified soil and mulching with uncontaminated new mountain soil could decrease the residues significantly. Our results indicated that the current agricultural activities are efficient in reducing pesticide residues in the soil of bamboo shoot plantations and should be further promoted.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2018-04-04 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2018010454120
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 119, No 1 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS)
oai:jarts.info:article/1761
2014-12-31T17:26:13Z
jarts:ART
"141231 2014 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Determinants of climate change adaptation strategies used by rice farmers in Southwestern, Nigeria
Arimi, Kayode
General Studies Programme Unit,
University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
Array
Poor adaptation to climate change is a major threat to sustainable rice production in Nigeria. Determinants of appropriate climate-change adaptation strategies used by rice farmers in Southwestern Nigeria have not been fully investigated. In this study, the determinants of climate change adaptation strategies used by rice farmers in Southwestern Nigeria were investigated. Data were obtained through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and field survey conducted in the study areas. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools such as percentage and regression analysis. The major climate change adaptation strategies used by the respondents included; planting improved rice variety such as Federal Agricultural Research Oryza (FARO) (80.5 %), seeking early warning information (80.9 %), shifting planting date until the weather condition was favourable (99.1 %), and using chemical fertilizer on their farms in order to maintain soil fertility (20.5 %). The determinants of climate change adaptation strategies used by the farmers, included access to early warning information (β=43.04), access to fertilizer (β=5.78), farm plot size (β=–12.04) and access to regular water supply (β=–24.79). Climate change adaptation required provision of incentives to farmers, training on drought and flood control, and the use of improved technology to obtain higher yield.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2014-12-31 18:26:14
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2014121946886
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 115, No 2 (2014)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/184
2013-04-16T21:33:58Z
jarts:ART
"100907 2010 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Learning achievements of farmers during the transition to market-oriented organic agriculture in rural Uganda
Hauser, Michael
BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Gregor Mendel-Straße 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
Tel. (+43-1) 47 654-3766. Fax (+43-1) 47 654-2961
Aigelsperger, Lisa
BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
Owamani, Amos
Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (TSBF-CIAT), c/o Kawanda Agricultural Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda
Delve, Robert J.
Catholic Relief Services, Nairobi, Kenya
Array
Organic agriculture requires farmers with the ability to develop profitable agro-enterprises on their own. By drawing on four years of experiences with the Enabling Rural Innovation approach in Uganda, we outline how smallholder farmers transition to organic agriculture and, at the same time, increase their entrepreneurial skills and competences through learning. In order to document this learning we operationalised the Kirkpatrick learning evaluation model, which subsequently informed the collection of qualitative data in two study sites. Our analysis suggests that the Enabling Rural Innovation approach helps farmers to develop essential capabilities for identifying organic markets and new organic commodities, for testing these organic commodities under varying organic farm management scenarios, and for negotiating contracts with organic traders. We also observed several obstacles that confront farmers transition to organic agriculture when using the Enabling Rural Innovation approach. These include the long duration of agronomic experimentation and seed multiplication, expensive organic certification procedures and the absence of adequate mechanism for farmers to access crop finance services. Despite prevailing obstacles we conclude that the Enabling Rural Innovation approach provides a starting point for farmers to develop entrepreneurial competences and profitable agro-enterprises on their own.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2010-09-07 17:57:40
Peer-reviewed Article
application/x-pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2010082734305
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 111, No 1 (2010)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/14
2016-04-04T15:20:25Z
jarts:ART
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Land-Use Changes in the Upper Lam Phra Phloeng Watershed, Northeastern Thailand: Characteristics and Driving Forces
Cho, Khin Mar
Asian Institute of Technology - AIT,
P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang,
Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
Zoebisch, Michael A.
Array
For a typical smallholder agricultural area in northeast Thailand, this paper describes the land-use changes, their main driving forces and their consequences over the last forty years -from the conversion of the original forest to the present agricultural land use.
The area has a relatively short agricultural history. From the 1960s onward, people started to settle in the area and began to clear-cut the forest to grow subsistence crops, such as upland rice and castor beans.After a relatively short period dominated by subsistence crops, the land use rapidly developed into maize-based cash-crop systems. Maize is still the main crop.Since the beginning of agriculture in the area, the farmers practiced continuous cropping. Shifting cultivation was never practiced. Initially, the soil was not tilled, and dibbling of seeds was exclusively practiced. All soil and crop husbandry practices were carried out manually. Due to the influx of more people, the agricultural land area expanded rapidly. Most of the land remains government property. Only recently, limited land-use rights for the farmers are being issued. With the change of the land-use systems over time, i.e., from upland rice to maize, and from subsistence to more market-oriented farming, the agronomic practices also changed adapting to the requirements of the new crops. The application of inorganic fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides became standard practice. The use of these inputs led to a significant increase in land productivity. However, most farmers do not have su.cient capital to purchase all required inputs fore cultivation and they largely depend on private money lenders and middlemen for input supply at extremely high interest rates.
There is a general perception amongst farmers of a considerable soil-fertility decline and that more and more fertilizer needs to be applied to maintain the current yield levels. To realize more sustainable agriculture, land-use technologies need to be adopted at the farm level that increase the e.ciency of nutrient and organic matter cycling and reduce soil-degradation risks. Simultaneously, an enabling environment needs to be developed based on appropriate extension services and adequate credit facilities for the farmers.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2003-05-01 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/14
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 104, No 1 (2003)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/4792
2022-10-04T13:14:29Z
jarts:ART
"220419 2022 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Perceptions and practices of pesticides safety measures of rice farmers in the central region of Vietnam
Sen, Le Thi Hoa
Faculty of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5799-4331
Dung, Nguyen Tien
Faculty of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry, Vietnam
Hasan, Md. Mainul
Faculty of Agriculture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh
Array
The use of pesticides is increasing rapidly and the pesticide use crisis is badly damaging the environment, the economy, and public health in Vietnam. However, the country is yet to become successful in reducing pesticide use mostly because of policy implementation and inadequate understanding of farmers. This study examined and discussed the perceptions and safety level of using pesticides by applying a widely used index of 39 indicators equivalent to 39 safety measures grouped into four categories to assess the safety behaviour of rice farmers in the central region of Vietnam. A field survey of 320 rice farmers and 12 local leaders was conducted in Quang Tri and Thua Thien Hue provinces. The result revealed that there exists a significant difference (p 0.001) between the perception and practices of pesticide safety measures of rice farmers in the study area. The overall score appears relatively high (4.09 and 3.89 out of 5.0 for perception and practices, respectively), indicating that farmers believe what they are doing is safe, though there are significant variations among the categories and among farmers in practicing pesticide safety measures. Regarding the farmers’ safety level, it was observed that there are still 18.1% and 34.4% of rice farmers are under unsafe and potentially unsafe conditions, respectively. Hence, an effective extension and communication program regarding the management and safety use of pesticides is the most vital policy solution to protect the rice farmers from potential health risks and ensure the sustainability of agriculture.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2022-01-25 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202203085852
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 123, No 1 (2022)
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/download/4792/15933
Copyright (c) 2022 Author(s)
oai:jarts.info:article/3364
2019-11-19T17:17:05Z
jarts:ART
"191107 2019 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Comparison of decent work status among smallholder pig farmers in Kenya; An empirical approach using Principal Components
Muthui, Jonah
Egerton University, Department of Animal Science, Egerton, Kenya
Matofari, Joseph W.
Egerton University, bDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Kenya
Kingori, Anthony
Egerton, University, Dept. of Animal Science, Kenya
Hülsebusch, Christian
German Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture (DITSL), Germany
Array
Agricultural production in Kenya is dominated by smallholder enterprises which provide up to 60% of the country's workforce. The agrarian transition to enhance smallholder participation in neoliberal capitalistic markets demands compliance to sanitary and phytosanitary standards and with codes for worker's welfare and thus the concept of decent work. Evaluation of decent work deficits in the informal economy however remains a challenge associated with sector uniqueness and differences in socio- cultural attributes of labour. Nevertheless, there is need to build on analytical methods prescribed by the International Labour Organisation of the United Nations that make use of sector specific data and indicators. This study used 27 variables from a survey of 144 pig enterprises in three geographically and demographically distinct Counties in Kenya to develop five indices using Porter's diamond methodology. The five indices were subjected to Principal Component Analysis using SPSS statistical software to extract two components which were latent variables for decent work. The two components were then subjected to Analysis of variance with Tukey's test to separate the means. Results showed that decent work deficits were more pronounced (p ≤ 0.05) in pig enterprises in Busia County as compared to enterprises in Nakuru or Kiambu Counties. Decent work deficits became more pronounced (p ≤ 0.05) as the education level of household head reduced. Decent work deficits were also more pronounced (p ≤ 0.05) in enterprises where the age of the household head was 35 years and below. The study identified enterprises in Busia County as deficient in their decent work status with low technology adoption and production efficiency, weak market access and quality control as the most important determinants of decent work status. This study recommends that approaches to address decent work deficits should focus on training farmers to improve technology use and improve production efficiency as well as enhancing surveillance for quality. For further research, the study recommends that evaluation of decent work in smallholder systems could be done through aggregation of the many indicators around the concept of competitiveness where PCA can be used for data convergence.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2019-02-21 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20190613559
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 120, No 1 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Authors
oai:jarts.info:article/1822
2015-11-25T15:46:39Z
jarts:ART
"151110 2015 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Transaction costs of farmers’ participation in forest management: Policy implications of payments for environmental services schemes in Vietnam
Manasboonphempool, Areeya
Institute of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim /
Current contact: Dept. of Agricultural and Resource
Economics, Faculty of Economics, Kasetsart University,
50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Lat Yao, Chatuchak,
Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Email: areeya.m@ku.ac.th
Milan, Florence M.
International Water Management Institute (IWMI)
Zeller, Manfred
Institute of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim
Array
Recent research on payments for environmental services (PES) has observed that high transaction costs (TCs) are incurred through the implementation of PES schemes and farmer participation. TCs incurred by households are considered to be an obstacle to the participation in and efficiency of PES policies. This study aims to understand transactions related to previous forest plantation programmes and to estimate the actual TCs incurred by farmers who participated in these programmes in a mountainous area of northwestern Vietnam. In addition, this study examines determinants of households’ TCs to test the hypothesis of whether the amount of TCs varies according to household characteristics. Results show that average TCs are not likely to be a constraint for participation since they are about 200,000 VND (USD 10) per household per contract, which is equivalent to one person’s average earnings for about two days of labour. However, TCs amount to more than one-third of the programmes’ benefits, which is relatively high compared to PES programmes in developed countries. This implies that rather than aiming to reduce TCs, an appropriate agenda for policy improvement is to balance the level of TCs with PES programme benefits to enhance the overall attractiveness of afforestation programmes for smallholder farmers. Regression analysis reveals that education, gender and perception towards PES programmes have significant effects on the magnitude of TCs. The analyses also points out the importance of local conditions on the level of TCs, with some unexpected results.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2015-08-19 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2015092949079
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 116, No 2 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/322
2013-04-16T21:29:09Z
jarts:ART
"120919 2012 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Effects of dietary lipid source on growth, digestibility and tissue fatty acid composition of Heterobranchus longifilis fingerlings
Babalola, Theophilus Olayiwola
Department of Animal Science, Landmark University, Omu Aran, Nigeria
Apata, David Friday
Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
Array
One of the major problems facing aquaculture is the inadequate supply of fish oil mostly used for fish feed manufacturing. The continued growth in aquaculture production cannot depend on this finite feed resources, therefore, it is imperative that cheap and readily available substitutes that do not compromise fish growth and fillet quality be found. To achieve this, a 12-week feeding trial with Heterobranchus longifilis fed diets differing in lipid source was conducted. Diets were supplemented with 6% lipid as fish oil, soybean oil, palm oil, coconut oil, groundnut oil and melon seed oil. Triplicate groups of 20 H. longifilis were fed the experimental diets two times a day to apparent satiation, over 84 days. Growth, digestibility, and muscle fatty acid profile were measured to assess diet effects. At the end of the study, survival, feed intake and hepatosomatic index were similar for fish fed experimental diets. However, weight gain, SGR and FCR of fish fed soybean oil-based diet was significantly reduced. Apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients were significantly lower in fish fed soybean, coconut and groundnut oil-based diets. Fillet and hepatic fatty acid compositions differed and reflected the fatty acid compositions of the diets. Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3), 20:5n-3 and 20:4n-6 were conserved in vegetable oils-based diets fed fish possibly due to synthesis of HUFA from 18:3n-3 and 18:4n-6. Palm oil diet was the least expensive, and had the best economic conversion ratio. The use of vegetable oils in the diets had positive effect on growth and fillet composition of H. longifilis.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2012-09-19 13:46:28
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012061541299
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 113, No 1 (2012)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/4414
2021-06-29T11:30:55Z
jarts:ART
"210525 2021 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Potassium iodide influence on iodine-leaf concentration and growth of amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.).
Eifediyi, Ehiokhilen Kevin
University of Ilorin, Ilorin - Nigeria
Department of Agronomy
Idowu, Samson Adeunie
University of Ilorin
Ogedegbe, Felix Omonkeke
Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma
Agbede, Taiwo Michael
Department of Agronomy, Adekunle Ajasin University, P.M.B. 002, Akungba - Akoko, Ondo State
Kareem, Isiaka
Department of Agronomy, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin,
Array
Low iodine content in soils is a common feature in lowland and in mountainous regions far from oceans. The diets of the people living in these regions are often deficient in dietary iodine, resulting in chronic iodine deficiency syndrome, goiter, hearing loss and other debilitating diseases. A field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ilorin, Nigeria during the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons, to evaluate the response of amaranths to iodine enrichment using an agronomic approach. The trial consisted of potassium iodide (KI) applied as foliar spray at 0, 3.5, 7, 10.5, 14 kg ha-1 and soil applied at the rates of 4, 8, 12 and 16 kg ha-1. These treatments were in four replicates laid out in a randomized complete block design. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, crop growth rate, yield and iodine-leaf concentration. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by mean separation using Duncan`s Multiple range test p 0.05. The results indicated that the use of KI improved the growth of amaranthus at the low level of application, but foliar application at 10.5 and 14 kg ha-1 yielded the highest iodine leaf concentration. Although application of iodine in amaranthus improved iodine leaf concentration, there was a colour change at higher rates of application which may affect the acceptability of the vegetable by consumers.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2021-02-16 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202104133654
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 122, No 1 (2021)
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/download/4414/14628
Copyright (c) 2021 Authors
oai:jarts.info:article/2731
2018-01-03T17:08:13Z
jarts:ART
"171103 2017 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Assessing the impact of social grant-dependency on participation of KwaZulu-Natal rural households in farming: Application of the generalised propensity score method
Sinyolo, Sikhulumile
Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
Mudhara, Maxwell
Discipline of Agricultural Economics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
Wale, Edilegnaw
Discipline of Agricultural Economics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
Array
Social grants are an important instrument of social protection in South Africa, reaching millions of the poor each month. Although social grants have been found to reduce poverty and promote human development, considerable uncertainty remains about some of their incentive effects. This study uses a sample of 984 rural households selected from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, to investigate the potential incentive/dis-incentive effects of social grant-dependency on rural households’ participation in farming activities. The data are analysed using the generalised propensity score (GPS) matching method and ordinary least squares. The results showed that the effect of social-grant dependency on households’ farm participation levels varies at different dependency levels. While social grants had a negative effect on the households’ farming participation levels when social grants income contribute 20–60 %, they had a positive effect at lower ( 20 %) and higher ( 60 %) dependency levels. The positive effect of social grants at the lower and higher levels supports the hypothesis that social grant beneficiaries use part of the grant income to alleviate financial constraints in agricultural production. However, the negative effect at the 20–60 % dependency levels is consistent with the dis-incentive hypothesis, suggesting that social grants may generate dis-incentives to farm production. The study identified several policy variables that affect the participation of rural households in smallholder farming activities, highlighting the importance of expectations of farming success as a key motivator.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2017-06-26 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017110153630
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 118, No 2 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS)
oai:jarts.info:article/708
2014-02-04T16:57:28Z
jarts:ART
"140130 2014 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Cassava root peel as a replacement for maize in diets for growing pigs: effects on energy and nutrient digestibility, performance and carcass characteristics
Akinola, Olufemi S.
University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Department of Animal Production and Health, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria
Fanimo, Amos O.
University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Department of Animal Production and Health, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria
Agunbiade, J. Adeniyi
Olabisi Onabanjo University, Department of Animal Production, Yewa Campus, P.M.B. 0012, Ayetoro, Nigeria
Susenbeth, Andreas
Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 9, 24098 Kiel, Germany
Schlecht, Eva
Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences
Georg-August-University Göttingen and Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen
tropanimals (at) uni-kassel.de;
fax: +49 5542 98 1230
Array
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate cassava root peel (CRP) as diet component for fattening pigs. In the first experiment, ten male pigs were used to investigate the nutrient digestibility and the nutritive value of CRP as replacement for maize in the diet at 0 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 % and 60 %, while supplementing free amino acids (fAA). During two experimental periods, faeces were quantitatively collected and analysed for chemical composition. In the second experiment, 40 pigs received the same diets as in Experiment 1, and daily feed intake and weekly weight changes were recorded. Four pigs per diet were slaughtered at 70 kg body weight to evaluate carcass traits. Digestibility of dry and organic matter, crude protein, acid detergent fibre and gross energy were depressed (p 0.05) at 60 % CRP; digestible energy content (MJ kg^(−1) DM) was 15.4 at 0 % CRP and 12.7 at 60 % CRP. In the second experiment, CRP inclusion had only a small impact on feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio (p 0.05) as well as on the length of the small intestine and the Longissimus dorsi muscle area. The missing correlation of daily weight gain and feed-to-gain ratio up to a CRP inclusion of 40 % indicates that negative effects of CRP on pig growth can be avoided by respecting upper feeding limits. Hence, a combined use of CRP and fAA can reduce feeding costs for small-scale pig farmers in countries where this crop-by product is available in large amounts.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2014-01-30 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2013112644621
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 114, No 2 (2013)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/118
2016-04-06T10:30:26Z
jarts:ART
"100516 2010 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Fruticultura orgánica en el trópico: Situación y ejemplos de Mesoamérica
Pohlan, H. Alfred Jürgen
Universität Bonn, INRES,
Auf dem Hügel 6, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
Email: drpohlan@excite.com
Gamboa Moya, William G.
Paraiso,
Cartago, Apartado Postal 129-7100, Costa Rica,
Email: williamgamboa@yahoo.com
Salazar Centeno, Dennis J.
UNA Managua,
carretera Norte km 12.5, Nicaragua,
Email: Dennis.Salazar@una.edu.ni
Marroquín Agreda, Francisco
Universität Bonn, INRES,
Auf dem Hügel 6, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
Janssens, Marc J. J.
Universität Bonn, INRES,
Auf dem Hügel 6, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
Leyva Galán, Ángel
INCA, Cuba,
San José de Las Lajas, Apartado Postal # 1, Cuba
Email: luleyva23@yahoo.es
Guzman, Elena
Instituto Tecnológico de Villahermosa,
Villahermosa 86019, Tabasco, México,
Email: eguzmanr5@hotmail.com
Toledo Toledo, Ernesto
Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas,
Entronque Carretera Costera y Estación Huehuetán, Huehuetán, Chiapas;
Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Campus IV, México,
Email: etoledo2720@yahoo.com.mx
Gómez Àlvarez,, Regino
El Colegio de la Frontera Sur-Unidad Villahermosa, Tabasco, México,
Email: regomez@vhs.ecosur.mx
Array
La situación en la fruticultura orgánica de Mesoamérica no es fácil a cualificar y cuantificar. Indudablemente existen áreas certificadas sin embargo faltan datos exactos. En otra manera muchos campesinos cultivan frutas y vegetales sin el uso de fertilizantes inorgánicos y sin aplicaciones de pesticidazas por falta de insumos propios. Este estudio esta basado en ejemplos y practicas conocidas y trata a reflejar filosofías practicas del campesinado y las fortalezas y debilidades correspondientes. De lo mas énfasis se ha dedicado al chayote en Costa Rica y México, a la pitahaya en Nicaragua, a la papaya en el Estado Tabasco y al mango, rambutan y caña de azúcar en el estado Chiapas, México, y a las huertas familiares en Cuba. Resultados de una encuesta entre consumidores reflejan el interés para consumir productos orgánicos, establecer la interacción agricultores-consumidores como parte del proceso de desarrollo agroecológico y fortalecer la educación de los consumidores y productores en los aspectos agroecológicos y de salud.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2007-11-01 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/118
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 108, No 2 (2007)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/81
2016-04-06T08:08:09Z
jarts:ART
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Host Preference and Seasonal Variation of Tick (Amblyomma cohaerens Donitz, 1909) on Naturally Infested Cattle in Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia
Gashaw, Abebaw
Jimma University, College of Agriculture,
P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia,
fax: ++251-7-110934,
email: Abebawg2002@yahoo.com
Array
The seasonal dynamics of tick Amblyomma cohaerens on naturally infested cattle in Jimma Zone was studied from September 1998 to September 2000 using fifty cattles in five Localities. Monthly tick counts were made for two consecutive years. Although, Amblyomma cohaerens infestation occurred throughout the year, it was greater at the beginning and end of the rainy season. High humidity and temperature were the factors that influence the seasonal variation.Th e study on the host preference of different blood groups showed that host selection and specificity correlate with the abundance and distribution of the tick. These have been reflected by the presence of more tick in highbred cattle than the indigenous Zebu.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2005-04-30 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/81
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 106, No 1 (2005)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/48
2016-04-06T07:58:19Z
jarts:ART
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Klasse, Land und Produktionsbeziehungen in Gunung Kidul- Ein Beitrag zur agrarischen Transformation des ländlichen Java
Burkard, Günter
Institut for socio-cultural and socio-economic Studies (ISOS),
Steinstr. 19, D-37213 Witzenhausen / Germany
Array
Research on agrarian transformations in rural Java has mainly focused on issues of technology, market penetration, institutional change and demographic pressure resulting in a rapid class polarisation and the dissolution of traditional welfare mechanisms. In examining rural change in the highland regions of Gunung Kidul, Central Java, this paper shows that processes of socio-economic change in Java are not at all uniform. Under certain circumstances, instead of being substituted, so-called “traditional” arrangements and practices are even newly created. Such arrangements can formally function as welfare institutions without being the outcome of welfare-oriented decisions and motivations. Before the 70ties, sharecropping-arrangements were confined to close kin and land rent systems had not been established in the area with farmers co-operating on the basis of “generalised reciprocity”. Instead of being institutional features since “time immemorial”, such organisational devices emerged as a response to changes in the labour market induced by high rates of out-migration. Despite significant disparities in land ownership, no exclusionary contractual arrangements exist.Rur al society did not split into two unequal parts of landowners and marginalised wage workers and patron-client-relationships are only weakly developed.In difference to the lowland areas, agrarian arrangements did not foster “class polarisation”, but on the contrary secured the continuity of an institutionally independent peasantry.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2004-05-01 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/48
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 105, No 1 (2004)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/277
2013-04-16T21:31:51Z
jarts:ART
"120113 2012 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Heavy metal and microbial loads in sewage irrigated vegetables of Kabul, Afghanistan
Safi, Zikrullah
Faculty of Agriculture, Kabul University, Kabul, Afghanistan
Buerkert, Andreas
Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystem Research in the Tropics and Subtropics
University of Kassel, Faculty 11
Steinstraße 19
D - 37213 Witzenhausen
Array
Little is known about the heavy metal and microbial contamination of vegetables produced in Central Asian cities. We therefore measured the concentration of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) and of faecal pathogens (Coliform bacteria, Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Ascaris lubricoides, Entamoeba sp. and pinworms [Oxyuris vermicularis syn. Enterobius vermicularis]) in soil, irrigation water, and marketed vegetables of Kabul City, Afghanistan. Leaf Pb and Zn concentrations of leafy vegetables were with 1–5 and 33–160 mg kg^{-1} dry weight (DW) several-fold above respective international thresholds of 0.3 mg Pb kg^{-1} and 50 mg Zn kg^{-1}. The tissue concentration of Cu was below threshold limits in all samples except for spinach in one farm. Above-threshold loads of microbes and parasites on vegetables were found in five out of six gardens with coliforms ranging from 0.5–2 × 10^7 cells 100g^{-1} fresh weight (FW), but no Salmonella and Shigella were found. Contamination with 0.2 × 10^7 eggs 100g^{-1} FW of Ascaris was detected on produce of three farms and critical concentrations of Entamoeba in a single case, while Oxyuris vermicularis, and Enterobius vermicularis were found on produce of three and four farms, respectively. Irrigation water had Ascaris, Coliforms, Salmonella, Shigella, Entamoeba, and Oxyuris vermicularis syn. Enterobius vermicularis ranging from 0.35 × 10^7 to 2 × 10^7 cells l^{-1}. The heavy metal and microbial loads on fresh UPA vegetables are likely the result of contamination from rising traffic, residues of the past decades of war and lacking treatment of sewage which needs urgent attention.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2012-01-13 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2011101139347
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 112, No 1 (2011)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/4106
2020-12-28T07:40:01Z
jarts:ART
"201214 2020 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Are farmer perceptions among significant determinants of adoption of agricultural diversity in Malawi? A case of Lilongwe district
Fatch, Paul Falakeza
Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources http://www.luanar.ac.mw
Masangano, Charles
Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources
Kamoto, Judith
Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources
Jordan, Irmgard
Justus Liebig University Giessen
Hilger, Thomas
University of Hohenheim
Mambo, Isaac
Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources
Kalimbira, Alexander
Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources
Nuppenau, Ernst-August
Justus Liebig University Giessen
Array
Agricultural diversity can strengthen resilience of livelihood of farmers to climate change and market uncertainties while, potentially at the same time, offering better dietary and nutritional prospects for households. Adoption of agricultural diversity in Malawi is low. Policy-makers, researchers, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and extension staff need to understand dynamics of adoption of agricultural diversity in order to develop appropriate policies and interventions to promote agricultural diversification.
This study was conducted in Lilongwe District of Malawi to identify factors influencing adoption of agricultural diversity and particularly to test if farmer perceptions were among significant determinants of adoption of agricultural diversity. A survey of 424 randomly sampled households was conducted in 2016 and 2017. A Tobit model, having 16 possible determinants, was run against a holistic agricultural diversity index that combined number of crop, livestock, and fruit tree species and cropping patterns.
The study found that farmer perceptions were among significant determinants of adoption of agricultural diversity. Some farmers perceived that they faced problems to find seeds of preferred varieties, droughts posed problems to farming; some crops produced good yields while other crops did not. Farmers with such perceptions were less likely to practice agricultural diversification. In addition to perceptions, engagement in off-farm sources of income also negatively affected agricultural diversity. Other factors, namely farmers’ access to land and credit, irrigation farming, selling of crops, ownership of radios, and farmer group membership fostered adoption of agricultural diversity.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2020-12-24 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202011262276
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 121, No 2 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Authors
oai:jarts.info:article/2465
2017-06-21T12:21:38Z
jarts:ART
"170512 2017 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Participatory Rural Appraisal for Diagnostic Analysis of spate irrigation systems in Raya Valley, Ethiopia
Castelli, Giulio
Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Systems, University of Florence, Italy
Bresci, Elena
Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Systems, University of Florence, Italy
Array
Spate irrigation is a complex and unique form of water management, which represent the main source of irrigation water in semi-arid river catchments. Water is diverted from seasonal rivers by using diversion structures made by stones, earth and brushwood, located within the river bed. The modernisation of spate irrigation realised in Raya Valley (northern Ethiopia) resulted in disappointing performances. One of the main reasons for this failure was the poor consideration of the characteristics of seasonal catchments and local communities’ needs and preferences. Local farmers, who showed a deep knowledge of the river system, were involved only at the level of consultation. The aim of this research was to develop a participatory Diagnostic Analysis (DA) for a traditional non-modernised spate irrigation system in Raya Valley, in order to involve local farmers within the development process, and to build a solid knowledge basis for effective improvements. A Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) of the Harosha spate irrigation system was undertaken. PRA techniques focusing on spatial, temporal, socio-economical and spatiotemporal aspects of the system were performed with local farmers in order to identify and rank main problems and constraints to development. Farmers recognised the need of more resistant diversion structures and gabion walls for the stabilisation of the river bank. The involvement of farmers also helped to highlight that not only irrigation-related problems, but also flood-related problems threaten agricultural production and rural livelihoods. Rather than an irrigation system approach, an approach integrating irrigation development and flood risk mitigation is suggested for framing future development strategies.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2017-01-13 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017031552237
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 118, No 1 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017
oai:jarts.info:article/620
2013-08-10T17:32:15Z
jarts:ART
"130809 2013 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Pesticide-handling practices of smallholder coffee farmers in Eastern Jamaica
Henry, Dwayne
University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
Feola, Giuseppe
University of Reading,
Whiteknights, RG66AB Reading, UK
Dwayne Henry, University of the West Indies, Kgn. 7, Mona, Jamaica https://sites.google.com/site/feolagiuseppe/home
Array
Pesticide use among smallholder coffee producers in Jamaica has been associated with significant occupational health effects. Research on pesticide handling practices, however, has been scarce, especially in eastern Jamaica. This explorative study aims at filling this gap and provides a first basis to develop effective interventions to promote a safer pesticide use. A random sample of 81 coffee farmers was surveyed. The majority of farmers reported to suffer from at least one health symptom associated with pesticide handling, but safety practices were scarcely adopted. There was also the risk that other household members and the wider local community are exposed to pesticides. The lack of training on pesticide management, the role of health services and the cost for protective equipment seemed to be the most significant factors that influence current pesticide handling practices in eastern Jamaica. Further research is recommended to develop a systemic understanding of farmer’s behaviour to provide a more solid basis for the development of future intervention programmes.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2013-08-09 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2013030542613
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 114, No 1 (2013)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/106
2016-04-06T10:33:29Z
jarts:ART
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Threatened and Rare Ornamental Plants
Khoshbakht, Korous
University of Kassel, FB11,
Steinstr. 19, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany /
University of Shahid Beheshti,
Environmental Science Research Institute,
Tehran, Iran
E-mail: kkhoshbakht@yahoo.com
Hammer, Karl
University of Kassel, FB11,
Steinstr. 19, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany,
E-Mail: khammer@uni-kassel.de
Array
The application of IUCN criteria and Red List Categories was done for ornamental plants. Main sources of the study were Glen’s book, Cultivated Plants of Southern Africa (Glen, 2002) and the Red List of Threatened Plants, IUCN (2001). About 500 threatened ornamental plants could be found and presented in respective lists. Rare ornamental plants with 209 species is the largest group followed by Vulnerable (147), Endangered (92), Indeterminate (37), Extinct (6) and finally Extinct/Endangered groups with 2 species. A weak positive correlation (r = +0.36 ) was found between the number of threatened species and the number of threatened ornamental species within the families.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2007-05-15 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/106
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 108, No 1 (2007)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/72
2016-04-06T08:39:18Z
jarts:ART
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Plant Genetic Resources: Selected Issues from Genetic Erosion to Genetic Engineering
Hammer, Karl
Department of Agrobiodiversity,
University of Kassel,
Steinstrasse 19,
37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
Teklu, Yifru
Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research,
Gene and Genome Mapping Unit,
Corrensstr 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
Array
Plant Genetic Resources (PGR) continue to play an important role in the development of agriculture. The following aspects receive a special consideration:
1. Definition. The term was coined in 1970. The genepool concept served as an important tool in the further development. Different approaches are discussed.
2. Values of Genetic Resources. A short introduction is highlighting this problem and stressing the economic usfulness of PGR.
3. Genetic Erosion. Already observed by E. Baur in 1914, this is now a key issue within PGR. The case studies cited include Ethiopia, Italy, China, S Korea, Greece and S. Africa. Modern approaches concentrate on allelic changes in varieties over time but neglect the landraces. The causes and consequences of genetic erosion are discussed.
4. Genetic Resources Conservation. Because of genetic erosion there is a need for conservation. PGR should be consigned to the appropriate method of conservation (ex situ, in situ, on-farm) according to the scientific basis of biodiversity (genetic diversity, species diversity, ecosystem diversity) and the evolutionary status of plants (cultivated plants, weeds, related wild plants (crop wild relatives)).
5. GMO. The impact of genetically engineered plants on genetic diversity is discussed.
6. The Conclusions and Recommendations stress the importance of PGR. Their conservation and use are urgent necessities for the present development and future survival of mankind.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2008-04-30 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/72
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 109, No 1 (2008)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/37
2016-04-06T08:32:39Z
jarts:ART
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
How Do “Renewable Products” Impact Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services – The Example of Natural Rubber in China
Cotter, Marc
University of Hohenheim,
Institute for Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
Martin, Konrad
University of Hohenheim,
Institute for Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
Sauerborn, Joachim
University of Hohenheim,
Institute for Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
Array
This paper aims to present the implications brought by the expansion of “renewable products” plantation systems in the tropics with cultivation of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) as a main focus. Throughout South East Asia, natural forest is being replaced by rubber or oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) plantations, with severe consequences for the local flora and fauna. Main aspects of this review are: i) The provision of an overview over renewable resources in general and rubber in particular, with eco-physiological and agronomical information concerning rubber cultivation. ii) The effect of rubber plantations on biodiversity and species composition under different rubber farming approaches. In addition we debate the possible influences of such large scale land cover transformations on ecosystem services. iii) The conversion of natural forests into rubber plantations releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. We estimated these values for different land cover types in southern China and assessed the carbon sequestration potential of local rubber plantations.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2009-04-30 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/37
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 110, No 1 (2009)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/5161
2023-11-07T10:02:21Z
jarts:ART
"230707 2023 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Investigating the efficacy of common agricultural practices for the management of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)) on cereal crops
Adjimoti, Wilfrid K.
1-World Bank Africa Center of Excellence in Agricultural Development and Environment Sustainable; the Federal University of Agriculture of Abeokuta (FUAAB); Nigeria
2-Laboratory of Biotechnology, Genetic Resources, and Plant and Animal Breeding (BIORAVE); National High School of Biosciences and Applied Biotechnologies (ENSBBA); National University of Sciences, Technologies, Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM), Dassa, Benin
Dassou, Anicet G.
National University of Sciences, Technologies, Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6629-4262
Pitan, Femi
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Genetic Resources, and Plant and Animal Breeding (BIORAVE); National High School of Biosciences and Applied Biotechnologies (ENSBBA); National University of Sciences, Technologies, Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM), Dassa, Benin
Toffa, Joelle
National High School of Biosciences and Applied Biotechnologies (ENSBBA); National University of Sciences, Technologies, Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM), Dassa, Benin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3520-118X
Loko, Laura Y. E.
National High School of Biosciences and Applied Biotechnologies (ENSBBA); National University of Sciences, Technologies, Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM), Dassa, Benin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7310-1334
Idehen, Emmanuel
World Bank Africa Center of Excellence in Agricultural Development and Environment Sustainable; the Federal University of Agriculture of Abeokuta (FUAAB); Nigeria
Afolabi, Clément
World Bank Africa Center of Excellence in Agricultural Development and Environment Sustainable; the Federal University of Agriculture of Abeokuta (FUAAB); Nigeria
Anagonou, Corinne M.
Federal University of Agriculture of Abeokuta (FUAAB)
Dansi, Alexandre
National High School of Biosciences and Applied Biotechnologies (ENSBBA); National University of Sciences, Technologies, Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM), Dassa, Benin
Array
In Benin, the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is the most important polyphagous noctuid pest. This study aimed to assess the impact of agricultural practices on the abundance of this pest and determine whether its feeding preference and larval development differ among four cereal types. First, we conducted a descriptive survey of 80 farmers randomly selected for farm visits and oral interviews using a structured questionnaire to ascertain their preferred agricultural practices for managing S. frugiperda. Secondly, rearing methods in the laboratory were used to assess the development of the S. frugiperda maize strain feeding on maize, millet, rice, and sorghum. Data were collected on the number of larval instars, pupae, and adults as well as their developmental times. Agricultural practices were found to influence the abundance of S. frugiperda in the farmers' fields. The number of larvae was higher in sampling fields treated with herbicides alone. S. frugiperda larvae were reported to be more abundant on young vegetative plants, while the highest mortality rate was obtained on rice. In addition, the development level of S. frugiperda was fastest in maize, followed by sorghum, millet, and rice. The Structural Equation Models (SEM) showed significant relationships between the crop types and the abundance of development stages. Conversely, these relationships were significantly negative across the different stages of insect development. This study allowed us to understand the development level of the pest according to the different farmer's agricultural practices and its feeding preference to its potential cereal host plants.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2023-02-21 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202306128205
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 124, No 1 (2023)
eng
Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s)
oai:jarts.info:article/3656
2020-07-08T15:19:55Z
jarts:ART
"200528 2020 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Scaling up community-based goat breeding programmes via multi-stakeholder collaboration
Kaumbata, Wilson Sostern
Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources
Nakimbugwe, Helen
Kyambogo University, P. O. Box 1 Kyambogo, Kampala, Uganda
Haile, Aynalem
International Centre for Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Banda, Liveness
Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Animal Science, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi.
Mészáros, Gábor
BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria.
Gondwe, Timothy
Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Animal Science, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi
Woodward-Greene, M. J.
United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Services (USDA/ARS), Beltsville, USA
Rosen, Benjamin D.
United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Services (USDA/ARS), Beltsville, USA
Van Tassell, Curtis P.
United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Services (USDA/ARS), Beltsville, USA
Sölkner, Johann
BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
Wurzinger, Maria
Centre for Development Research, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Dänenstrasse 4, 1190 Vienna, Austria
Array
Community-based livestock breeding programmes (CBBPs) have emerged as a potential approach to implement sustainable livestock breeding in smallholder systems. In Malawi and Uganda, goat CBBPs were introduced to improve production and productivity of indigenous goats through selective breeding. Scaling up CBBPs have recently received support due to evidence-based results from current implementation and results of CBBPs implemented in other regions of the world. This paper explores strategies for scaling up goat CBBPs in Malawi and Uganda, and documents experiences and lessons learned during implementation of the programme. A number of stakeholders supporting goat-based interventions for improving smallholders’ livelihoods exists. This offers an opportunity for different actors to work together by pooling financial resources and technical expertise for establishment and sustainability of goat CBBPs. Scaling up strategies should be an integral part of the pilot design hence dissemination partners need to be engaged during the design and inception stages of the pilot CBBPs. Creation of self-sustaining CBBPs requires early collaborative programme planning, meaningful investment and long-term concerted and coordinated efforts by collaborating partners. Permanently established actors, like government agencies and research and training institutions, are better placed to coordinate such efforts. The overall goal of the scaling up programme should be creation of a financially sustainable system, in which smallholders are able, on their own, to transact and sustain operations of their local breeding institutions using locally generated revenue/ resources. Since CBBP scaling up is a ‘learning by doing process’, an effective monitoring and evaluation system should be an integral part of the process.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2020-07-08 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202005281298
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 121, No 1 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Authors
oai:jarts.info:article/2270
2016-12-14T05:44:45Z
jarts:ART
"161020 2016 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Towards an assessment of on-farm niches for improved forages in Sud-Kivu, DR Congo
Paul, Birthe K.
International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Nairobi, Kenya
Wageningen University (WU), Wageningen, the Netherlands
Muhimuzi, Fabrice L.
Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu, DR Congo
Bacigale, Samy B.
Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu, DR Congo
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Bukavu, DR Congo
Wimba, Benjamin M. M.
Institut National pour l’Etude et la Recherche Agronomique (INERA), Bukavu, DR Congo
Chiuri, Wanjiku L.
International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Nairobi, Kenya
Amzati, Gaston S.
Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu, DR Congo
Maass, Brigitte L.
International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Nairobi, Kenya
Department for Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Germany
Array
Inadequate quantity and quality of livestock feed is a persistent constraint to productivity for mixed crop-livestock farming in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. To assess on-farm niches of improved forages, demonstration trials and participatory on-farm research were conducted in four different sites. Forage legumes included Canavalia brasiliensis (CIAT 17009), Stylosanthes guianensis (CIAT 11995) and Desmodium uncinatum (cv. Silverleaf), while grasses were Guatemala grass (Tripsacum andersonii), Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) French Cameroon, and a local Napier line. Within the first six months, forage legumes adapted differently to the four sites with little differences among varieties, while forage grasses displayed higher variability in biomass production among varieties than among sites. Farmers’ ranking largely corresponded to herbage yield from the first cut, preferring Canavalia, Silverleaf desmodium and Napier French Cameroon. Choice of forages and integration into farming systems depended on land availability, soil erosion prevalence and livestock husbandry system. In erosion prone sites, 55–60%of farmers planted grasses on field edges and 16–30% as hedgerows for erosion control. 43% of farmers grew forages as intercrop with food crops such as maize and cassava, pointing to land scarcity. Only in the site with lower land pressure, 71% of farmers grew legumes as pure stand. When land tenure was not secured and livestock freely roaming, 75% of farmers preferred to grow annual forage legumes instead of perennial grasses. Future research should develop robust decision support for spatial and temporal integration of forage technologies into diverse smallholder cropping systems and agro-ecologies.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2016-09-20 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016092050939
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 117, No 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016
oai:jarts.info:article/5
2016-04-04T15:07:48Z
jarts:ART
"100418 2010 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Beyond Land Titling for Sustainable Management of Agricultural Land: Lessons from Ndome and Ghazi in Taita-Taveta, Kenya
Waswa, Fuchaka
Kenyatta University, Department of Environmental Socio-cultural studies, P. O. Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya.
Email: fuchaka96@yahoo.com
Eggers, Helmut
University of Bonn, Institute of Agricultural Water Resources and Land Improvement, Nußallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany
Kutsch, Thomas
University of Bonn, Institute fuer Agrarpolitik, Marktforschung und Wirtschaftssoziologie,
Nussallee 21, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
Array
This paper is based on a 1996-1999 case study that was done in semi-arid Ndome and Ghazi, Taita-Taveta District, in Kenya to determine the root causes of persistent erosion damage in the area. More than 10 years after land adjudication was done in these areas, more than 70% of the farmers still operate under tenure insecurity mainly due to lack of title deeds (r = 0.94**). Contrary to conventional expectation of land development, owning of land under private property rights was motivated by the sense of belonging, wealth, power and to some degree for speculative purposes. Adoption of structural soil and water conservation measures was still well below 50%. Preference was still given to indigenous land and water management (ILWM) technologies, with adoption rates
ranging from 60% to more than 90%. No evidence existed that directly linked land improvement to land titling. For sustainable land management, land titling remains a critical incentive to farmers. However it will have to be accompanied by land use policy reforms that address four main issues, thus: deliberate efforts to preserve agricultural land, equitable distribution of available land, putting as much land as possible to agricultural
use, and mechanisms to enhance prevention and control of land degradation. How these objectives can be achieved within the Kenyan context is the conceptual gist of this paper.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2002-11-01 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/5
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 103, No 2 (2002)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/4513
2022-10-04T13:14:29Z
jarts:ART
"220125 2022 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Factors influencing technology adoption among smallholder farmers: a systematic review in Africa
Fadeyi, Oluwamayokun Anjorin
School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Australia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8645-6540
Ariyawardana, Anoma
School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Australia
Aziz, Ammar A.
School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Australia
Array
Smallholder agriculture has been identified to be critical in the creation of employment, improving food security and improving the economy. However, smallholder agriculture in Africa is characterised by a low production level which has been linked to the limited use of technologies. Several factors influence the adoption of technologies among smallholder farmers in Africa. This systematic literature review focuses on the factors influencing technology adoption among smallholder farmers in Africa and identified 128 peer-reviewed papers in English between January 2000 to December 2019. The majority were carried out in Kenya, Uganda, and Malawi, with the major crops being maize, legumes and rice. This review identified 29 factors that were broadly classified into five main categories: (i) farmers’ characteristics; (ii) farm characteristics; (iii) technology characteristics; (iv) institutional factors; and (v) finance. Of these, finance (81 articles), gender of household head (71 articles), age (68 articles), education (64 articles), farm size (62 articles) and extension access (59 articles) are the most prominent factors mentioned. The factors identified in this review were then related to existing technology adoption theories, and it was concluded that finance does not adequately feature in any of these extant theories. As illustrated by the relatively high occurrence of finance, this review puts forward a comprehensive framework for technology adoption and also provides critical recommendations to improve technology adoption among smallholder farmers in Africa.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2022-01-25 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202201195569
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 123, No 1 (2022)
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/download/4513/15604
Copyright (c) 2022 Author(s)
oai:jarts.info:article/3378
2019-01-16T09:29:19Z
jarts:ART
"190116 2019 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Physical and chemical optimisation of the seedball technology addressing pearl millet under Sahelian conditions
Nwankwo, Charles Ikenna
Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff Str. 27, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5552-9900
Mühlena, Jan
Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff Str. 27, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
Biegert, Konni
Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff Str. 27, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
Butzer, Diana
Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff Str. 27, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
Neumann, Günter
Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirth Str. 20, 70599 Stuttgart Germany
Sy, Ousmane
Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Bambey, Senegal
Herrmann, Ludger
Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff Str. 27, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
Array
This study deals with the development of the seedball technology in particular for dry sowing under Sahelian conditions and pearl millet as crop. At first, our participatory evaluation in Senegal showed that (i) local materials needed for seedball production are locally available, (ii) the technology conforms to the existing management systems in the Sahel, and (iii) socio-economic conditions do not hinder seedball adoption. Afterwards, seedball was mechanically and chemically optimised. Pearl millet seedlings derived from the seedball variants were grown and compared to the control under greenhouse conditions. Our results showed that the combination of 80 g sand + 50 g loam + 25 ml water is the standard seedball dough, which produces about ten 2 cm diameter-sized seedballs. Either 1 g NPK fertiliser or 3 g wood ash can be added as nutrient additive to enhance early biomass of pearl millet seedlings. Ammonium fertiliser, urea and gum arabic as seedball components hampered seedlings emergence. Seedball + 3 g wood ash and seedball + 1 g NPK-treatments enhanced shoot biomass by 60 % and 75 %, root biomass by 36 % and 94 %, and root length density by 14 % and 28 %, respectively, relative to the control. Shoot nutrient content was not greatly influenced by treatment. However, multiplying biomass yield with nutrient content indicates that nutrient extraction was higher in nutrient-amended seedballs. On-station field tests in Senegal showed over 95 % emergence under real Sahelian conditions. Since early seedlings enhancement is decisive for pearl millet panicle yield under the Sahelian conditions, on-farm trials in the Sahel are recommended.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2018-08-21 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2019011596
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 119, No 2 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Author(s)
oai:jarts.info:article/1739
2018-06-20T09:06:10Z
jarts:ART
"150915 2015 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Effect of within-litter birth weight variation on piglet survival and pre-weaning weight gain in a commercial herd
Marandu, Norest
Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
Halimani, Tinyiko Edward
Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
Chimonyo, Michael
Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences,, University of KwaZulu -Natal, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
Shoniwa, Andrew
Pig Industry Board, Highlands, Harare, Zimbabwe
Mutibvu, Tonderai
Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
Array
There are several factors that affect piglet survival and this has a bearing on sow productivity. Ten variables that influence pre-weaning vitality were analysed using records from the Pig Industry Board, Zimbabwe. These included individual piglet birth weight, piglet origin (nursed in original litter or fostered), sex, relative birth weight expressed as standard deviation units, sow parity, total number of piglets born, year and month of farrowing, within-litter variability and the presence of stillborn or mummified littermates. The main factors that influenced piglet mortality were fostering, parity and within-litter variability especially the weight of the individual piglet relative to the average of the litter (P 0.05). Presence of a mummified or stillborn littermate, which could be a proxy for unfavourable uterine environment or trauma during the birth process, did not influence pre-weaning mortality. Variability within a litter and the deviation of the weight of an individual piglet from the litter mean, influenced survival to weaning. It is, therefore, advisable for breeders to include uniformity within the litter as a selection criterion. The recording of various variables by farmers seems to be a useful management practice to identify piglets at risk so as to establish palliative measures. Further, farmers should know which litters and which piglets within a litter are at risk and require more attention.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2015-08-19 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2015061048480
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 116, No 2 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/97
2010-05-13T20:36:58Z
jarts:ART
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
A Profitability Analysis of Investment of Peach and Apple Growing in Turkey
Uzunöz, Meral
Department of Agricultural Economics,
Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Gaziosmanpasa,
Taslıciftlik 60240, Tokat - Turkey
Akcay, Yasar
Department of Agricultural Economics,
Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Gaziosmanpasa,
Taslıciftlik 60240, Tokat - Turkey
Array
This study was conducted to determine profitability and feasibility of fruit farms by investment analysis in Tokat - Turkey. The criteria of Net Present Value (NPV ), Cost-Benefit Ratio (CBR) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) were used for investment analysis. Three different discount rates (10%, 8% and 5%) were used to get the NPV and CBR for peach and apple. The NPV for peach were found to be positive (1113.6 $/da; 1454.7 $/da; and 2156.2 $/da). Also the NPV for apple were found to be positive (574.2 $/da; 805.4 $/da; and 1342.9 $/da). In addition to that, the CBR for peach were bigger than 1 (1.38; 1.43 and 1.51) and the CBR for apple were bigger than 1 (1.23; 1.27 and 1.33). The IRR for peach was 25.05 percent and 22.12 for apple. According to the results that were achieved by the study, it could be conducted that the investment is economically feasible. In the light of the findings of the present study, it can be perceived that the fruit farming can be one of the most important income sources for the farmers growing fruit in the research region in Turkey.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2006-04-30 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/97
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 107, No 1 (2006)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/62
2016-04-06T08:05:18Z
jarts:ART
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Spread of Tuberculosis in Cattle Stocks in Various Areas of Tajikistan
Mirsojev, D. M.
Steinstr. 19,
D-37213 Witzenhausen
Drauschke, W.
Leipzig
Array
The publication shows that cattle stocks have severely suffered from tuberculosis in the investigated periods (1943 - 1994) in the Republic of Tadzhikistan. The main causes for this situation can be seen in the insufficient implementation of
– veterinary measures,
– diagnostical control of stocks and
– long term control of suffering stocks.
Insufficient desinfection of sheds as well as poor qualification of veterinary staff and bad feeding conditions have also contributed to this situation. The implementation of these measures will contribute to diminishing and, in the future, to complete controlling tuberculosis of the cattle stocks in the Republic of Tadzhikistan: carefully investigating the cattle stocks with regard to suffering from tuberculosis, strictly obeying prescriptions and recommendations and systematic and planful work of all staff responsible.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2004-11-01 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/62
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 105, No 2 (2004)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/28
2016-04-06T08:30:49Z
jarts:ART
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Performance of Different Tomato Genotypes in the Arid Tropics of Sudan during the Summer Season. I. Vegetative Growth
Abdelmageed, Adil H.A.
Department of Horticulture,
University of Khartoum, Sudan
Gruda, Nazim
Institute for Horticultural Sciences,
Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
El-Balla, Mustafa Mohamed Ali
Department of Horticulture,
University of Khartoum, Sudan
Array
Selected, eleven tomato genotypes of diverse origin were grown in a glasshouse of the Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany during 2002 and under field conditions in Shambat, University of Khartoum, Sudan for two successive seasons (2002/2003, 2003/2004). High temperatures under field conditions resulted in poor stand and stunted growth of tomato plants. Highly significant differences were encountered among the different genotypes for leaf area, leaf area ratio, leaf weight ratio, stem fresh and dry weight and leaf fresh and dry weight. Based on results obtained from this study, the genotype ‘Summerset’ proved to be more tolerant under high temperature conditions in comparison to other investigated genotypes and may be useful for exploitation under arid tropical region of Sudan.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2010-05-03 23:18:50
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/28
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 110, No 2 (2009)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/5149
2023-11-07T09:13:59Z
jarts:ART
"230221 2023 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Contribution of dairy goat farming to household dietary diversity among smallholder farmers in the Central Highlands of Kenya
Njue, Priscilla Nyaguthii
University of Embu
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2298-228X http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2298-228X
Isaboke, Hezron Nyarindo
Department of Agricultural Extension and Economics, University of Embu
Migose, Salome Atieno
Department of Water and Agricultural Resource Management, University of Embu
Array
In Kenya, dairy goat farming has highly been practiced for food provision and as an income-generating enterprise. However, there is scanty information on the contribution of dairy goat farming to the quality of diets consumed at household level especially among rural smallholder farmers. This study therefore analysed the contribution of dairy goat farming to household dietary diversity of the smallholder farmers. Data was collected at the end of the wet season (April-May) from a sample of 385 households in Kirinyaga County, using structured questionnaires programmed in the KoboToolbox. Household dietary diversity scores (HDDS) was used as a measure for food security, where 12 food groups commonly consumed in the area were considered. Propensity to score matching (PSM) with a probit regression framework was used to minimize the selection bias while determining the effect that dairy goat farming (treatment) had on dietary diversity. The nearest neighbour matching (NNM) estimated the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT). Results revealed that vegetables, cereals, beverages, fats and oils were consumed more compared to meat, fish and eggs. Age, gender, title deed ownership, and monthly household income significantly influenced the likelihood of practicing dairy goat farming. The ATT showed that dairy goat farmers had higher HDDS by 1.014, an implication of diversified diets. The results suggest that dairy goat farming should be encouraged and improved among smallholder farmers in an effort to minimize malnutrition. Besides, there is need to conduct training on the optimal intake of the different food groups.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2023-02-21 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202302217524
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 124, No 1 (2023)
eng
Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s)
oai:jarts.info:article/3462
2020-07-08T15:19:55Z
jarts:ART
"200117 2020 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
The effects of grain storage technologies on maize marketing behaviour of smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe
Chuma, Teresa
University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0316-7514 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0316-7514
Mudhara, Maxwell
School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
Govereh, Jones
Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), West End Towers, 4th Floor, Kanjata Road, off Muthangari Drive, P.O. Box 66773, Westlands 00800, Nairobi, Kenya.
Array
This study investigated the effects of grain storage practices on smallholder farmers’ maize marketing behaviour using primary data collected from 413 random households in Makoni and Shamva Districts of Zimbabwe. The data was analysed using the ordered probit model and the study results revealed that storage practices had significant effects on the maize marketing behaviour of smallholder farmers. Storage using insecticide and traditional granary increased the chances of farmers to become net sellers of maize. Using insecticide in storage reduces the amount of grain that is lost in storage hence farmers are able to preserve the amount of grain available for consumption and also for sale. This implies that safe storage of maize may increase household incomes thus reducing poverty. This also contributes to improved food security. Investment in safe grain storage technologies is thus a fundamental key policy issue in developing countries. Quantity harvested, market location, household head’s sex and other household factors influenced maize marketing behaviour of smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2020-07-08 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20191217882
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 121, No 1 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Authors
oai:jarts.info:article/2152
2018-06-20T09:04:39Z
jarts:ART
"160527 2016 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Exploring the potential of cassava in promoting agricultural growth in Nigeria
Rahman, Sanzidur
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, United Kingdom
Awerije, Brodrick O.
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, United Kingdom
Array
Cassava is one of the major food crops in Nigeria, with multiple uses from human consumption to industrial applications. This study explores the potential of cassava in Nigerian agriculture based on a review of cassava development policies; performs a trend analysis of the cultivation area, production, productivity, and real price of cassava and other competing crops for the period 1961–2013; identifies the sources of growth in production; and examines the production constraints at the local level based on a survey of 315 farmers/processors and 105 marketers from Delta State. The results revealed that several policies and programmes were implemented to develop the cassava sector with mixed outcomes. Although cassava productivity grew at 1.5% per annum (p.a.) during the post-structural adjustment programme period (1993–2013), its real price declined at a rate of 3.5% p.a. The effect of yield is the main source of growth in production, contributing 76.4% of the total growth followed by the area effect (28.2%). The cassava sector is constrained by inadequate market infrastructure, processing facilities, and lack of information and unstable prices at the local level. The widespread diffusion of improved tropical manioc selection technologies and investments in market and marketing infrastructure, processing technologies, irrigation/water provision and information dissemination are recommended to enhance the potential of the cassava sector to support agricultural growth in Nigeria.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2016-01-15 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016050350174
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 117, No 1 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016
oai:jarts.info:article/406
2013-04-16T21:26:09Z
jarts:ART
"130302 2013 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Influence of education levels on dissemination of soil fertility management information in the central highlands of Kenya
Kimaru-Muchai, Serah Wairimu
Department of Environmental Studies (Community Development), Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya
Mugwe, Jayne Njeri
Department of Agricultural Resource Management, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
Mucheru-Muna, Monicah
Department of Environmental Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
Mairura, Franklin Somoni
Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility, P.O box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya
Mugendi, Daniel Njiru
Department of Environmental Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
Array
Inadequate links between researchers and farmers has resulted in low uptake of research advances recommended to improve food security in the central highlands of Kenya. Access to timely and accurate information by extension agents and farmers is paramount in dissemination of soil fertility management practices. Hence, the study sought to investigate the effect of education levels on communication channels used to disseminate soil fertility technologies in the Central highlands of Kenya. Questionnaires were used to elicit information from 105 extension agents and 240 farmers. About 50.5% of the extension officers were certificate holders while 29.5% were diploma holders from agricultural institutes. Majority of the farmers had attained primary education (59.6%) while 25.8% and 9.2% had attained secondary and post secondary education, respectively. Research institutions were the most accessible sources of information on soil fertility management practices by extension agents while internet and scientific conferences were the least scored as accessible sources of soil fertility management information by extension agents. Education levels significantly influenced preference of individual approach methods by farmers. There was a significant positive relationship between education and accessibility of internet as a source of information on green manure. The implication of the study was that education levels influenced the mode of communication used in the transfer of soil fertility research outputs to the end users. Consequently, it is extremely important to consider education levels in selection of dissemination pathways used in agriculture.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2013-03-02 21:46:13
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012092441785
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 113, No 2 (2012)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/4197
2021-12-31T15:56:33Z
jarts:ART
"211110 2021 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Forage diversity and fertiliser adoption in Napier grass production among smallholder dairy farmers in Kenya
Njarui, Donald M.G.
Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organisation
Gatheru, Mwangi
KALRO-Katumani, P.O. Box 340, Machakos, 90100
Ndubi, Jessica M.
KALRO-Headquarters, P.O. Box 57811, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya
Gichangi, Anne W.
KALRO-Njoro Research Centre, Private Bag, Njoro, 20107, Kenya
Murage, Alice W.
KALRO-Headquarters, P.O. Box 57811, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya
Array
Feed scarcity is one of the major challenges affecting smallholder dairy production in Kenya. Forages are the foundation of livestock nutritional requirements; forage diversification and fertiliser are intensification options that can increase productivity. A sample of 316 and 313 smallholder farmers were surveyed in eastern midlands and central highlands of Kenya, respectively, to establish the types of forages cultivated and the factors that influence fertiliser adoption in Napier grass (Cenchrus purpureus Schumach.) production. Independent t-tests were applied to compare the effect of continuous variables on social economic and institutional characteristics between adopters and non-adopters on fertiliser and area allocated to different forages. Chi-square tests were used to compare nominal variables for the proportion of farmers growing different forages, criteria they consider in selection of suitable forages, and social economic and institutional characteristics of adopters and non-adopters of fertiliser. Binary logistic regression was used to determine factors that influence fertiliser adoption. The study revealed that forage diversification was low with Napier grass being the only forage cultivated by most farmers (~90%). Urochloa (Urochloa spp), Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Kunth.) and Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus Jaq.) were cultivated by less than 11% of farmers. The fertiliser adoption rate was high (77%) and was influenced by gender of household head, membership of groups, access to extension services and labour. Future research should focus on promoting of forage diversification and investigate quantity and fertiliser application regimes in order to enable development of appropriate advisory services.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2021-08-04 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202110274962
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 122, No 2 (2021)
eng
Copyright (c) 2021 Authors
oai:jarts.info:article/3038
2018-07-02T09:22:06Z
jarts:ART
"180621 2018 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Genetic variability among wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm for resistance to spot blotch disease
Tembo, Batiseba
African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal. College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa;
Zambia Agricultural Research Institute (ZARI), Mt. Makulu Research Station, P/B 7, Chilanga, Zambia
Sibiya, Julia
African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal. College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa;
Zambia Agricultural Research Institute (ZARI), Mt. Makulu Research Station, P/B 7, Chilanga, Zambia
Tongoona, Pangirayi
West African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of Ghana, PMB 30 Legon, Ghana
Array
Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem. is the most devastating disease limiting wheat productivity in warm and humid environments. One hundred and fifty wheat genotypes were evaluated under field conditions in 2013 and 2014 in six different locations in Zambia. The genotypes showed different levels of resistance to spot blotch. Genotypes 19HRWSN6 (Kenya Heroe), 19HRWSN7 (Prontia Federal) and 19HRWSN15 (BRBT2/METSO) were resistant lines across environments. The genotype plus genotype by environment (GGE) biplot grouped the six environments (E) into three mega-environments (ME) with respect to spot blotch severity. ME I contained Golden Valley Agricultural Research Trust (GART) (E6) only. Mpongwe (E4), Mt. Makulu (E5 and E2) and GART (E3) formed ME II, while ME III contained only Mutanda (E1). Genotypes 16HRWYT5, SB50 and 20HRWSN33 were the most susceptible genotypes in ME I, II and III, respectively. Genotype 19HRWSN7 was the most resistant across test locations. The locations in ME III were highly correlated indicating that they provided similar information on genotypes. This suggests that one location could be chosen among the locations in ME III for screening spot blotch resistance each year if the pattern repeats across years. This could aid in reducing the cost of genotype evaluation and improve efficiency as genotypes would be handled in fewer environments.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2018-04-04 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2018022754656
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 119, No 1 (2018)
eng
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/download/3038/9958
Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS)
oai:jarts.info:article/1919
2018-06-20T09:09:57Z
jarts:ART
"150522 2015 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Utilisation of Giant African snail (Achatina fulica) meal as protein source by laying hens
Diarra, Siaka Seriba
Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Food Technology, University of the South Pacific, Alafua Campus, Alafua, Apia, Samoa
siakadiarra@yahoo.com
Kant, Rashmi
Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Food Technology, University of the South Pacific, Alafua Campus, Alafua, Apia, Samoa
Tanhimana, Jemarlyn
Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Food Technology, University of the South Pacific, Alafua Campus, Alafua, Apia, Samoa
Lela, Patrick
Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Food Technology, University of the South Pacific, Alafua Campus, Alafua, Apia, Samoa
Array
A 12-week experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of substituting Giant African snail meal for fish meal in laying hens diet. Four diets were formulated to contain snail meal as replacement for fish meal at 0 (control), 33, 67 and 100%. A total of 120 Shaver Brown pullets aged 18 weeks were allocated to the dietary treatments in a randomised design. Each treatment consisted of three replicates and ten birds per replicate. Feed intake increased only for the 33% treatment as compared to the 67% replacement diet but did not differ from the other treatments. There were no significant treatment effects on egg performance parameters observed (egg production, egg weight, total egg mass, feed conversion ratio and percent shell). The overall feed cost of egg production reduced on the snail meal-based diets. The organoleptic evaluation of boiled eggs revealed no difference between the treatments. Based on these results it was concluded that total replacement of fish meal with cooked snail meat meal does not compromise laying performance or egg quality. The substitution is beneficial in terms of production cost reduction and the reduction of snails will have a beneficial impact especially where these snails are a serious agricultural pest. The manual collection and processing of snails can also become a source of rural income.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2015-05-21 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2015011347178
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 116, No 1 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:jarts.info:article/5522
2024-02-23T09:07:20Z
jarts:ART
"231230 2023 eng "
2363-6033
1612-9830
dc
Association between metabolic and immunological changes during the transition period of dual-purpose cows in the Veracruz tropic, Mexico
Avalos-Rosario, Ivan
University of Guelph https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1211-5185
Lagunes Moreno, Claudia Karina
Universidad Veracruzana
Van Dorp, Chantel
University of Guelph
Sanchez Montes, Daniel Sokani
Universidad Veracruzana https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6316-2187
Huerta-Peña, Javier
Universidad Veracruzana
Hernández-Carbajal, Gabriela Romina
Universidad Veracruzana https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4760-3047
Lammoglia-Villagómez, Miguel Angel
Universidad Veracruzana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2958-0518
Array
The objective of this study was to identify changes and associations in body condition score (BCS), serum glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations, and white blood cell populations in dual-purpose cows during the transition period in the Veracruz tropic. BCS was evaluated and blood samples were taken weekly to determine white blood cell populations, serum glucose and BHB concentrations of 30 multiparous dual-cows (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) from 3 weeks before the expected date of calving to 3 weeks postpartum. During the prepartum period, BCS (3.56 vs 3.11 points), leukocytes (8.964 vs 7.032 × 103 cells µL-1), neutrophils (3.353 vs 2.201 × 103 cells µL-1), lymphocytes (4.750 vs 4.051 × 103 cells µL-1), and monocytes populations (222 vs 126 × 103 cells µL -1) were higher compared to the postpartum period. Contrarily, BHB concentration was higher in the postpartum period (1.34 vs 0.84 mmol L-1) than in the prepartum period. No differences in basophils and eosinophils populations and glucose concentration were identified. Associations between BCS, BHB, glucose, and populations of neutrophils, monocytes, and basophils were detected. The higher BCS, the higher the monocyte population (r = 0.22). The lower the glucose concentration, the higher the BHB concentration (r = −0.51). The higher the concentration of BHB, the lower the number of neutrophils (r = −0.22), monocytes (r = −0.32) and basophils (r = −0.23). In conclusion, low-producing dual-purpose cows experienced fluctuations in BCS, BHB, and immune cell populations during the transition period, suggesting similar metabolic and immune changes as in high-producing dairy cows.
German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH)
2023-11-02 00:00:00
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202312229277
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 124, No 2 (2023)
eng
Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s)
331c853ae78b537d3fa5e802c1f8b26e