2026-06-01T16:57:29Z http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/oai

oai:jarts.info:article/1422 2013-11-07T17:26:15Z jats:ART

oai:jarts.info:article/895 2013-06-18T19:48:33Z tropenlandwirt:ART

oai:jarts.info:article/1429 2013-11-05T10:27:39Z jats:ART

oai:jarts.info:article/893 2013-06-19T06:41:24Z tropenlandwirt:ART

oai:jarts.info:article/1421 2013-11-07T17:26:15Z jats:ART

oai:jarts.info:article/891 2013-06-21T16:14:21Z tropenlandwirt:ART

oai:jarts.info:article/1396 2013-11-05T09:53:00Z jats:ART

oai:jarts.info:article/1425 2013-11-07T17:26:15Z jats:ART

oai:jarts.info:article/4626 2022-10-04T13:14:29Z jarts:ART

Profitability analysis of smallholder aquaculture farms: the case of Lagos State, Nigeria Adelesi, Opeyemi Obafemi Baruwa, Olayinka Isiaka Agricultultural economics; Aquaculture Fish-farm, Catfish, Ikorodu, Investment Nigeria is the largest (total) fish consumer in Africa and among the highest consumers in the world. The domestic fish production is short of the consumption demand despite the vast potentials in the fishery sector. Harnessing these potentials rightly will help to increase employment and increase food fish production and availability. It is clear given the importance of aquaculture in fish production that efforts must be made to encourage entrepreneurs to go into the business. Many have cast doubts on the profitability of aquaculture production, particularly on a smallholder level. This paper determines the profitability of smallholder aquaculture farmers in Lagos State, Nigeria, with a specific focus on catfish farmers. Eighty catfish farmers were interviewed using random sampling among farmers in fish farm estate in Ikorodu, Lagos.  The study used enterprise budgeting, investment and sensitivity analysis to determine the profitability of catfish production in the study area. The study showed that current farmers are having positive cash flow. However, the investment analysis showed that investment in catfish production is not profitable. The enterprise became profitable due to the expansion of the farm enterprise by constructing at least five additional ponds. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) Foundation fiat panis 2022-04-06 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202203085851 10.17170/kobra-202203085851 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 123, No 1 (2022); 109-120 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202203085851/1064 http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/downloadSuppFile/202203085851/2322 Copyright (c) 2022 Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/117 2013-04-16T21:32:53Z jarts:ART

Evaluation of the agricultural vocational training programmes conducted by the Krishi Vigyan Kendras (Farm Science Centres) in Indian Punjab Singh, Kuldeep Peshin, Rajinder Saini, Surinder Kaur Agricultultural economics Krishin Vigyan Kendra; KVK; vocational training programmes; mushroom cultivation; beekeeping; formative evaluation; outcome evaluation; impact evaluation; adoption; economic benefits Krishin Vigyan Kendras-KVKs (Farm Science Centres) have been established by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research in 569 districts. The trust areas of KVKs are refinement and demonstration of technologies, and training of farmers and extension functionaries. Imparting vocational trainings in agriculture and allied fields for the rural youth is one of its mandates. The study was undertaken to do a formative and summative (outcome and impact) evaluation of the beekeeping and mushroom growing vocational training programmes in the Indian state of Punjab. One-group pre and post evaluation design was employed for conducting a formative and outcome evaluation. The knowledge tests were administered to 35 beekeeping and 25 mushroom cultivation trainees, before and after the training programmes organized in 2004. The trainees significantly gained in knowledge. A separate sample of 640 trainees, trained prior to 2004, was selected for finding the adoption status. Out of 640, a sample of 200 was selected by proportionate sampling technique out of three categories, namely: non-adopters, discontinued-adopters and continued-adopters for evaluating the long-term impact of these training programmes. Ex-post-facto one-shot case study design was applied for this impact analysis. The vocational training programmes have resulted in continued-adoption of beekeeping and mushroom cultivation enterprises by 20% and 51% trained farmers, respectively. Age and trainee occupation had significant influence on the adoption decision of beekeeping vocation, whereas education and family income significantly affected the adoption decision of mushroom cultivation. The continued adopters of beekeeping and mushroom growing had increased their family income by 49% and 24%, respectively. These training programmes are augmenting the dwindling farm income of the farmers in Indian Punjab. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2011-10-06 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/x-pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2010091334536 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2010091334536 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 111, No 2 (2010); 65-77 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2010091334536/127

oai:jarts.info:article/2465 2017-06-21T12:21:38Z jarts:ART

Participatory Rural Appraisal for Diagnostic Analysis of spate irrigation systems in Raya Valley, Ethiopia Castelli, Giulio Bresci, Elena Agricultural engineering, Hydraulic engineering, Social Sciences participatory rural appraisal, indigenous knowledge, rural development, water harvesting, Ethiopia, Tigray, arid climates Spate irrigation is a complex and unique form of water management, which represent the main source of irrigation water in semi-arid river catchments. Water is diverted from seasonal rivers by using diversion structures made by stones, earth and brushwood, located within the river bed. The modernisation of spate irrigation realised in Raya Valley (northern Ethiopia) resulted in disappointing performances. One of the main reasons for this failure was the poor consideration of the characteristics of seasonal catchments and local communities’ needs and preferences. Local farmers, who showed a deep knowledge of the river system, were involved only at the level of consultation. The aim of this research was to develop a participatory Diagnostic Analysis (DA) for a traditional non-modernised spate irrigation system in Raya Valley, in order to involve local farmers within the development process, and to build a solid knowledge basis for effective improvements. A Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) of the Harosha spate irrigation system was undertaken. PRA techniques focusing on spatial, temporal, socio-economical and spatiotemporal aspects of the system were performed with local farmers in order to identify and rank main problems and constraints to development. Farmers recognised the need of more resistant diversion structures and gabion walls for the stabilisation of the river bank. The involvement of farmers also helped to highlight that not only irrigation-related problems, but also flood-related problems threaten agricultural production and rural livelihoods. Rather than an irrigation system approach, an approach integrating irrigation development and flood risk mitigation is suggested for framing future development strategies. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) UNESCO-IHE Delft, Mekelle University, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze 2017-05-12 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017031552237 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2017031552237 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 118, No 1 (2017); 129-139 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017031552237/907 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/6130 2026-01-12T14:09:21Z jarts:ART

Determinants of the intention to practise aquaculture after graduation among university students of aquaculture and fisheries in Ogun State, Nigeria Olaoye, Olalekan Jacob Ojebiyi, Wahab Gbenga Folaranmi, Lateefat O. Adetarami, Oluwaseun Iskil-Ogunyomi, Safiat Adekemi Atu, Ruth N. Adio, Funmilola Tope Fisheries Extension; Rural Development, Aquaculture Aquaculture enterprises, De-motivators, Fisheries education, Intention to practise, Motivators, Personal characteristics This study examined the factors influencing the intention to practise aquaculture (ITPA) among university fisheries students in Ogun State, Nigeria, after graduation. A multistage procedure was employed to select 198 fisheries students from two universities offering aquaculture and fisheries-related courses within the study area. Data were obtained via a questionnaire administered via the Kobo Collect application. The data were analysed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and binary logistic regression. The results revealed that the students’ mean age was 24.3 years, and that 60% of them were females. The majority (97.0%) were single, and 21.8% indicated that their parents were involved in aquaculture enterprises. The results also showed that 91.4% intended to practise aquaculture after graduation, with 60.8% preferring to start a feed milling enterprise. The motivations for ITPA after graduation included the desire to create jobs (93.6%), and persuasion by parents and relatives (94.1%). Those who did not intend to practise aquaculture reported lack of access to loan facilities (94.1%), and a lack of professionalism (88.2%) as demotivating factors. Additionally, 94.9% had a positive perception of youth involvement in aquaculture, but required further training in pond construction (x̄=1.57±0.64), and fingerling production/breeding (x̄=1.58±0.65). The perception of youth involvement in aquaculture was found to be a significant predictor of students’ ITPA (β=0.116, p0.05) with an odds ratio of 1.123. It was concluded that the intention of fisheries students’ intention to practise aquaculture after graduation was significantly influenced by their perception of youth involvement in aquaculture rather than by personal characteristics. It is recommended that stakeholders should provide fisheries graduates with access to land and financial support. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2025-09-26 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/kobra-2025081111372 10.17170/kobra-2025081111372 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 126, No 2 (2025); 197-203 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/kobra-2025081111372/1164 Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/4274 2021-06-29T11:30:55Z jarts:ART

Nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance and rumen fermentation parameters of West African dwarf goats offered treated maize stover supplemented with Gmelina arborea Akinbode, Risikat Mojisola Adebayo, Kafayat Omowumi Aderinboye, Ronke Yemisi Adefalujo, Hannah Damilola Akiode, Hakeem Oluwatobi Animal Science; Animal Nutrition; Ruminant Animal Nutrition Crop residue, Feed intervention, Molasses, Nigeria, Nutrient utilisation, Urea A large portion of agricultural crop residues are potential feed resources for ruminants in the tropics. This study therefore, investigated the intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilisation and rumen fermentation parameters of West African dwarf goats (WAD) fed treated and untreated maize stover supplemented with Gmelina arborea. Twenty male WAD goats (11.50 ± 0.45 kg body weight) were randomly allotted into four treatments with five animals each. Untreated maize stover (MS), urea treated maize stover (UT), molasses treated maize stover (MT) and urea-molasses treated maize stover (UMT) were supplemented with 300 g Gmelina arborea (G) and were offered to each group for three weeks. MS had highest dry matter (DM; 87.1%), neutral detergent fibre (76%), acid detergent fibre (45%) and acid detergent lignin (6%) contents (P0.05). Crude protein content was high in UT (12.5%) and UMT (13%). Animals fed UMT+G recorded higher DM intake and digestibility, whereas crude protein digestibility was higher in animals on UT+G (72.8%) and UMT+G (76.2%). Nitrogen intake was more in goats fed UMT+G (P0.05) and least in MS+G fed group. Higher nitrogen was absorbed and retained by goats on UMT+G. The pH of the ruminal fluid was not affected by the dietary treatments. Concentrations of ammonia‑nitrogen and total volatile fatty acids were higher in UMT+G fed animals. Thus, UMT+G is a good option for proper nutritional utilisation of maize stover which can easily be adopted by farmers given the availability of materials (Gmelina arborea, maize stover, urea and molasses) and simplicity of the technology involved in the treatment of the stover. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2021-05-20 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202104133653 10.17170/kobra-202104133653 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 122, No 1 (2021); 73-81 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202104133653/1031 Copyright (c) 2021 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/98 2010-05-13T20:36:58Z jarts:ART

Economic Assessment of Hazelnut Production and the Importance of Supply Management Approaches in Turkey Gönenc, Sertac Tanrıvermis, Harun Bülbül, Mehmet Economics and Econometrics hazelnut production; hazelnut policy; supply management; supply response Turkey is the worlds leading producer accounting for about 70% of world hazelnut supply. Hazelnut production is the single most important economic activity (monoculture) and income resource of rural households in the Black Sea Region. Hazelnut sector is supporting since 1962. However, due to inappropriate policies a stock problem has arisen in the sector. The Government has intervened to over production problem with various regulatory measures since 1989. However, results of supply response model showed that legal regulations have not any significant effect on reducing over production. Annual rate of increase of hazelnut production was calculated as 4.48%. And long term supply elasticity was found as 0.09 by Nerlove Model. The inelastic supply restricts the interventions on market by support price mechanism. However, high support prices and purchase guarantee keep farmers in hazelnut farming and encourage them to expand their production area. Monoculture is the most destructive factor which reduces all supply management initiatives. Government is both trying to keep farmers income at a certain level by high support prices, and also trying to apply supply control measures. This situation leads an intervention dilemma and creates a vicious cycle in hazelnut sector. Due to importance of Turkey in World hazelnut trade, it is necessary to solve over production problem in order to stabilize domestic and world prices. This research showed that the most effective way to supply control is to differentiate hazelnut farmers income sources in order to encourage them to reduce their production area. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2006-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/98 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-98 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 107, No 1 (2006); 19-32 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/98/89 http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/downloadSuppFile/98/7

oai:jarts.info:article/5732 2025-01-15T11:38:46Z jarts:ART

Effect of goat weed leaf meal (Ageratum conyzoides) as a partial dietary replacement for maize in the diet of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Irabor, Arnold Ebuka Sanubi, Jovita Oghenenyerhovwo Ozor, Augustine Onyemaechi Onwuka, Maureen Jn Pierre, Hardin Aaron Muhammad, Faisal Khalil Conventional feed, Feed formulation, Fish nutrition, Serum enzyme It is crucial to find ways to employ less expensive conventional materials in fish farming to lower production costs without adversely affecting the general performance of the fish. Consequently, certain neglected plants, such as goat weed leaves that have been reported to have the potential to serve as a partial substitute for maize (energy source) must be considered. Therefore, this research evaluated the effects of partially replacing maize with goat weed leaf meal (Ageratum conyzoides) (GWLM) on the growth, haematology, and serum enzyme indices of Clarias gariepinus. A 56-day feeding trial was conducted with a total of 500 juveniles with an average weight of 13.7 g. After sterilizing the fish in a mixture of potassium permanganate and water to reduce stress, a one-week acclimatisation period was ensured using commercial feed (2 mm). Subsequently, the juveniles were randomly stocked in quadruplets of 25 fish per culture tank measuring 1.2 m x 1.2 m x 0.9 m each (labelled Ai-iv, Bi-iv, Ci-iv, Di-iv, and Ei-iv) based on the number of repetition and the diet to be fed. A total of five (5) different diets with varying levels of dietary inclusion (A: 0%, B: 2%, C: 4%, D: 6%, and E: 8%) of goat weed leaf meal (GWLM) as a partial replacement for maize were formulated to contain a minimum crude protein level of 40%. The test diets were administered twice daily (7:00 hrs. and 18:00 hrs.) and the sampled fish were adequately fed (5% body weight) with proper follow-up to monitor feeding behaviour. The data collected from the research were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the SPSS version 23 analysis package. Furthermore, a Duncan multiple-range test was employed to separate the means. There were notable (p 0.05) variations in various parameters (proximate composition, digestibility of nutrients, growth performance, haematological and serological profiles, and water quality) observed in all treatments as the inclusion of the test ingredient in the diet increased. However, as the inclusion levels of the test ingredient increased above 4%, a steady decline was observed between treatments. At a 4% dietary inclusion level, the best performance indices (weight gained (36.52g), feed conversion ratio (2.15), specific growth rate (2.31) and survival rate (95%)), and blood profile (haematology and serum enzyme indices) were observed. Therefore, a 4% replacement of maize using goat weed leaf meal (GWLM) in the diet is suitable for an optimum performance of African catfish. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2024-09-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2024070910493 10.17170/kobra-2024070910493 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 125, No 2 (2024); 139-148 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2024070910493/1126 Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/61 2016-04-06T08:04:55Z jarts:ART

Response of Sesbania Green Manuring and Mungbean Residue Incorporation on Microbial Activities for Sustainability of a Rice-Wheat Cropping System Tilak, K. V. B. R. Agronomy and Crop Science green manuring; rice-wheat cropping system; microbial activities The microbial population and its biomass and nitrogenase activity in plant roots under sandy-clay-loam soil conditions where the plant residues of Sesbania rostrata and mungbean (Vigna radiata) were incorporated were significantly higher than that obtained from summer fallow. The increases in yield of rice and wheat and the total nitrogen content in shoot and grain was also perceptible by the application of green manuring. The results highlight the importance of green manuring in rice-wheat cropping systems under tropical sandy-clay-loam soil conditions of India. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2004-11-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/61 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 105, No 2 (2004); 189-196 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/61/55

oai:jarts.info:article/1892 2015-11-25T15:46:39Z jarts:ART

Influence of farmers educational level on comprehending, acting-upon and sharing of agro advisories Gowda, M.J. Chandre Dixit, Sreenath Agricultural Extension mobile advisories, farmers education, extension, telephone survey Although short messaging service (SMS) through mobile phones has quickly gained popularity among most other sectors in India, its potential is not fully realised in the agriculture sector as a cost effective service to reach farmers and elicit desirable action. Despite the cost effectiveness, mobile messaging has remained a challenge in the farming sector in terms of its end use and action as far as extension systems are concerned. While there could be many influencing factors affecting the utility of mobile messages, this study assumed that educational level of farmers could be a major factor. A telephone survey was conducted to ascertain the influence of farmers’ education on the level of utilisation of mobile-based advisories. Farmers with higher education level showed better comprehension of advisories, acted-upon the advisories more promptly and shared the information with fellow farmers more often than those with lower education level. There was a significant association between comprehending, sharing and acting upon advisories. This has implications to achieve enhanced extension reach with higher efficiency in terms of cost and time. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2015-10-14 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2015061048518 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2015061048518 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 116, No 2 (2015); 167-172 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2015061048518/853

oai:jarts.info:article/27 2016-04-06T08:16:49Z jarts:ART

A Study on the RAPD and SCAR Molecular Markers of Piper Species Jiang, Shi Jianhua, Xin Li, Xin Plant sciences Kava; Piper methysticum Forst. f.; Pepper; Piper nigrum L.; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD); Sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) In order to compare the genetic relationships among Kava, Pepper and it’s wild relatives and to distinguish Kava from Pepper and it’s wild relatives, we conducted research on Kava by using RAPD and SCAR molecular markers. 20 random primers selected from 80 random primers were used for RAPD amplification to identify the genetic relationships among Kava, Pepper and it’s wild relatives. Total 170 bands were amplified by 20 random primers, in which 20 bands were polymorphic (12%). Cluster analysis grouped the 28 accessions into six groups at similarity coefficient of 0.36, where 6 materials of Kava formed a group, indicating that Kava was distantly relation to Pepper and its wild relatives. Kava had 562 bp and 355 bp specific fragments amplified by primers OPQ- 02 and OPQ-03, respectively, were recycled for cloning and sequencing analysis, and then converted to SCAR markers. Two pairs of specific SCAR primers for Kava, P4.1 and P4.2, P8.1 and P8.2 were designed. PCR amplification of 28 test materials were performed using the two pairs of the specific primers respectively, the specific bands of 562 bp and 355 bp with expected sizes were amplified in 6 Kava materials but not in other materials. The results showed that primers P4.1 and P4.2, P8.1 and P8.2 might be used as specific SCAR primers for Kava germplasm resources identification. This research provided the basis for selecting rootstocks, molecular identification and the fingerprint construction of Kava. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2010-05-03 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/27 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 110, No 2 (2009); 127-135 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/27/24

oai:jarts.info:article/833 2014-02-04T16:57:27Z jarts:ART

Rural households’ social capital and welfare: A case study of Msinga, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Baiyegunhi, Lloyd James Segun Agricultultural economics; Rural Development social capital; welfare; rural households; economic behaviour; utility maximization In a household or nations production system, social capital has been recognized as an input having major implications for project design as well as policy development. Using a structured questionnaire, household level data was obtained from a representative sample of 300 rural households in Msinga, KwaZulu-Natal. This study employed the conventional household economic behaviour model under constrained utility maximisation to examine the effect of social capital on the welfare of household, testing the hypothesis that the possession of social capital improves household welfare. The result shows that social capital endowments have a statistically significant positive effect on household welfare, in addition to the some household’s demographic and socio-economic characteristics. The study concluded that, access to social capital among other factors, is very crucial for improved rural household welfare and poverty reduction. It is therefore important for government to have knowledge of existing social groups and networks as this will improve the effectiveness of the present strategies aimed at reducing poverty. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) University of KwaZulu-Natal Research Office 2014-01-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2013081343356 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2013081343356 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 114, No 2 (2013); 123-132 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2013081343356/788

oai:jarts.info:article/3378 2019-01-16T09:29:19Z jarts:ART

Physical and chemical optimisation of the seedball technology addressing pearl millet under Sahelian conditions Nwankwo, Charles Ikenna Mühlena, Jan Biegert, Konni Butzer, Diana Neumann, Günter Sy, Ousmane Herrmann, Ludger Pearl millet early growth, seedball technology, local resources, dry sowing, seedling emergence, subsistence farming, smallholder farmer, cheap seed pelleting technique This study deals with the development of the seedball technology in particular for dry sowing under Sahelian conditions and pearl millet as crop. At first, our participatory evaluation in Senegal showed that (i) local materials needed for seedball production are locally available, (ii) the technology conforms to the existing management systems in the Sahel, and (iii) socio-economic conditions do not hinder seedball adoption. Afterwards, seedball was mechanically and chemically optimised. Pearl millet seedlings derived from the seedball variants were grown and compared to the control under greenhouse conditions. Our results showed that the combination of 80 g sand + 50 g loam + 25 ml water is the standard seedball dough, which produces about ten 2 cm diameter-sized seedballs. Either 1 g NPK fertiliser or 3 g wood ash can be added as nutrient additive to enhance early biomass of pearl millet seedlings. Ammonium fertiliser, urea and gum arabic as seedball components hampered seedlings emergence. Seedball + 3 g wood ash and seedball + 1 g NPK-treatments enhanced shoot biomass by 60 % and 75 %, root biomass by 36 % and 94 %, and root length density by 14 % and 28 %, respectively, relative to the control. Shoot nutrient content was not greatly influenced by treatment. However, multiplying biomass yield with nutrient content indicates that nutrient extraction was higher in nutrient-amended seedballs. On-station field tests in Senegal showed over 95 % emergence under real Sahelian conditions. Since early seedlings enhancement is decisive for pearl millet panicle yield under the Sahelian conditions, on-farm trials in the Sahel are recommended. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collabourative Research on Sorghum and Millet through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Cooperative Agreement No. AID–OAA–A–13–00047 2019-01-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2019011596 10.17170/kobra-2019011596 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 119, No 2 (2018); 67-79 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2019011596/951 Copyright (c) 2018 Author(s) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/2579 2017-06-21T12:21:38Z jarts:ART

Beyond good wood: Exploring strategies for small-scale forest growers and enterprises to benefit from legal and sustainable certification in Indonesia Maryudi, Ahmad Nawir, Ani A. Sumardamto, Purnomo Sekartaji, Dewi Ayu Soraya, Emma Yuwono, Teguh Siswoko, Bowo Dwi Mulyana, Budi Supriyatno, Nunuk Forestry smallholder growers, certification, market access, premium prices, entrepreneurial skills, market networks There is a growing trend towards small-scale forest operators engaging in certification initiatives in response to growing demands for certified timber. We aimed to analyse whether certified smallholders gain better access to timber markets and better financial incentives. We used three smallholder forest enterprises from Gunungkidul and Kulon Progo districts, Java, Indonesia as case studies of different managerial operations. Two were farmer cooperatives and the other was an external trading company in partnership with village-level farmer groups. Different certification schemes and managerial approaches were analysed whether such factors influenced the ability of smallholders to access certified timber markets and obtain improved offers for their timber. We found that smallholders find it challenging to enter and participate in certified timber markets and to obtain the promised premium prices. The obvious costs of certification and uncertain benefits are major challenges for smallholders. Even when market opportunities are present, certification alone is insufficient to tap into these markets. Certified forest enterprises need dedicated managers with adequate entrepreneurial skills to establish networks and contacts with potential buyers, and to actively seek information on what is specified by certified timber processors. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) 2017-01-20 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017010351816 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2017010351816 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 118, No 1 (2017); 17-29 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017010351816/897 Copyright (c) 2017 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/5846 2025-06-10T08:34:54Z jarts:ART

Cattle farming practices, trait preferences and breeding failures in smallholder cattle farming in Hambantota, Sri Lanka Mohamed Thariq, Mohamed Gazzaly Vidana Pathiranage, Gayani Malka Hussain, Tanveer Animal Husbandry Cross breeding, Extensive farming system, Feed scarcity, Milk yield, Natural service Cattle productivity can be significantly enhanced through breed improvement, but farmers’ trait preferences must be considered when improving the genetic make-up of local cattle breeds. This study investigated the breeding practices, trait preferences, and factors contributing to breeding failures among cattle farmers in the Hambantota district, Sri Lanka. Data were collected using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire administered to 200 randomly selected smallholder cattle farmers from all the veterinary regions in the Hambantota district. The analysis revealed that 52%, 34% and 14% of the farmers had an extensive, semi-intensive or an intensive farming system, respectively. All the famers (99.5%) practised crossbreeding system while natural service was the predominant breeding method. Traits i.e., milk yield, body size, calf survival, heat tolerance, disease and tick resistance, and calving interval affected (p0.001) the selection of a cattle breed with the highest mean ranking value for milk yield. Feed shortage, harsh environmental conditions, improper application of artificial insemination, inadequate housing, predator attacks, poor veterinary services, limited knowledge in breeding and heat sign detection contributed to breeding failures (p0.001). In the extensive and semi-intensive systems, feed scarcity, harsh environmental conditions, and predator attacks contributing to breeding failures are inherent in rural smallholder cattle production in Hambantota district. The study recommends that future cattle breeding programmes need to prioritise milk yield without compromising body size, calf survival, heat tolerance, disease and tick resistance, and calving interval. Regular and expanded veterinary services also need to be prioritised. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) No supporting agencies involved. 2025-05-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/kobra-2025052211167 10.17170/kobra-2025052211167 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 126, No 1 (2025); 119-127 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/kobra-2025052211167/1156 Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/4160 2020-12-29T14:19:13Z jarts:ART

Seasonal variation in mycoflora associated with asymptomatic maize grain from small-holder farms in two provinces of South Africa Aveling, Theresa A.S. de Ridder, Katrien Olivier, Nicholas A Berger, Dave K Agronomy and Crop Science Fusarium spp., Grain mycoflora, Maize, Seed quality, Smallholder farmers, Stenocarpella maydis Seed quality plays an important role in the establishment of healthy crop stands. The aim of this study was to identify the mycoflora associated with maize grain collected over two growing seasons, one experiencing severe drought, from small-holder farms across KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) and the Eastern Cape (EC), two important provinces with maize producing small-holder farmers in South Africa. Asymptomatic maize ears were collected at harvest during two maize growing seasons from farms located in Hlanganani (KZN), Ntabamhlophe (KZN), KwaNxamalala (KZN), Bizana (EC) and Tabankulu (EC). Maize grain was subjected to seed health tests using the agar plate method. The percentage incidence of fungal species isolated from maize grain was determined with species identities confirmed by ITS sequencing. Nine fungal genera were identified with Fusarium species and Stenocarpella maydis the most prevalent. Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium graminearum and S. maydis were isolated from all sites in both seasons. No fungal species exhibited a higher incidence in the drought season across all sites.  F. graminearum and S. maydis had higher incidences in the wetter season at four and three sites, respectively. F. verticillioides had a greater incidence at the EC sites, particularly the coastal Bizana site. We conclude that local factors have a greater impact than the drought season on the population structure of ear-rot pathogens.  The widespread presence of fungi that are potentially mycotoxin-producing in asymptomatic maize grain poses health risks to consumers and is worthy of further investigation. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) National Research Foundation South Africa PANNAR SEED (Pty) Ltd South African Weather Service 2020-11-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202011262275 10.17170/kobra-202011262275 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 121, No 2 (2020); 265-275 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202011262275/1021 http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/downloadSuppFile/202011262275/1990 Copyright (c) 2020 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/87 2016-04-06T08:10:54Z jarts:ART

Effect of Two Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Fodder Cultivars as Supplements on Voluntary Intake; Milk Yield and Manure Production of Bunaji Cows Akinlade, J. A. Smith, J. W. Raji, A. M. Busari, A. A. Adekunle, I. O. Adewumi, M. K. Animal Science and Zoology; Agronomy and Crop Science Lactating Zebu cows; forage legume; milk yield; milk composition; cowpea; Vigna unguiculata The feeding value of fodder from two cowpea cultivars to a basal maize stover diet was investigated using fifteen lactating White Fulani (Zebu) cows. The two cultivars were IT-716 and 994-DP. Diet was constituted as 50g DM/kg live weight and each of the cultivars was supplemented at 50% of the daily dry matter requirement of individual animals. The experimental design was a complete randomize. The parameters measured included feed intake, milk yield and composition and manure production. In a separate trial, dry matter degradation of the fodder was assessed. There were no significant differences in dry matter intake of the supplements. However, the dry matter intake of stover in the control diet was higher than those on the supplemented groups. The milk yields ranged from 887 to 1378 ml/day. Milk yield differed among treatments. Supplementation did not affect (P 0.05) fat, protein, total solids and ash contents of the milk across the treatments. Manure productions were not significantly different among the treatments. Similarly, content of N, P and K in manure were comparable among the treatments except for N that was lower (P 0.05) in the control group. The dry matter degradation was influenced by the fodder cultivars. The feeding of dual-purpose forage legumes residues could enhance milk production in lactating Zebu cows. This may be further increased by exploring other ways of improving feed residue utilization in the dry season. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2005-11-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/87 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 106, No 2 (2005); 105-112 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/87/80

oai:jarts.info:article/2305 2018-06-20T09:00:02Z jarts:ART

In vitro efficacy of selected medicinal plants from Cholistan desert, Pakistan, against gastrointestinal helminths of sheep and goats Raza, Muhammad Asif Younas, Muhammad Schlecht, Eva Animal health anthelmintic activity, Haemonchus contortus, LC50, small ruminants, Trichuris ovis, Paramphistomum cervi Gastrointestinal helminths are a major constraint to small ruminants in extensive husbandry systems of tropical regions. Yet, unavailability, high prices, side effects, and development of parasite resistance often limit the use of synthetic anthelmintics. Traditional medicinal plants might be an effective low-cost alternative. Therefore the in vitro anthelmintic activity of leaf extracts of the ligneous plants Capparis decidua, Salsola foetida, Suaeda fruticosa, Haloxylon salicornicum, and Haloxylon recurvum from Cholistan, Pakistan, was investigated against adult worms of Haemonchus contortus, Trichuris ovis, and Paramphistomum cervi. Various concentrations (from 7.8 to 500 mg dry matter ml^(−1)) of three extracts (aqueous, methanol, and aqueous-methanol) of each plant were tested at different time intervals for their anthelmintic activity via adult motility assay.Plant species (p=0.01), extract type (p=0.001), parasite species (p=0.001), extract concentration (p=0.001), time of exposure (p=0.001) and their interactions (p=0.001) affected the number of immobile or dead helminths. The 50% lethal concentration (LC_(50)) values indicated that the methanol and aqueous-methanol extracts of C. decidua, H. recurvum, and H. salicornicum as well as the methanol extract of S. fruticosa have the potential to be developed into plant-based remedies against the studied helminths. Further studies are needed to investigate the in vivo anthelmintic activity of these extracts, in order to develop effective, cheap and locally available anthelmintics for pastoralists in Cholistan and neighbouring desert regions. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2016-10-03 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016092050900 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2016092050900 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 117, No 2 (2016); 211-224 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016092050900/884 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/5400 2025-03-26T14:30:34Z jarts:ART

Food security status and its determinants: A comparative study between farm households under government and non-government agricultural extension services in Bangladesh Sarmin, Susmita Hasan, Md. Faruq Mondol, Md. Abu Sayed Rahman, Md. Zulfikar Karim, Md. Rezaul Agricultural economics Dietary security, Nutrition, Calorie, NGO, SDGs The ability to obtain food security is essential to human existence. Secure food access can have a variety of positive effects, such as economic expansion, the creation of jobs, and the eradication of poverty. This study assessed the food security status of farm households and its determinants in the Dinajpur district of Bangladesh. Efforts were also made to assess and compare the socio-economic demographics and item-wise calorie intake among households receiving government and non-government agricultural extension services. One hundred twenty-five (125) farm households receiving government or non-government extension services were selected using a multi-stage random sampling procedure. The percentages, means, and standard deviations were employed to summarise the data gathered during the interviews. The inferential statistical investigation involved using the independent sample t-test, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that 68.8 percent of the families in the study area were food secure, while food insecurity was more prevalent for those receiving non-government extension services. In addition, significant differences existed between the selected characteristics of the two groups of farmers in terms of age, household head’s education, average family education, household size, farm size, farming experience, annual household income, annual household expenditure, knowledge on food and nutrition, and extension sources contact. There were also large discrepancies between the food item-wise calorie consumption between the two groups of farmers. The major determinants of household food security were dependency ratio, household size, training exposure, annual household income, knowledge on food and nutrition, and extension sources contact. It is recommended that both government and non-government agricultural extension organisations work together in an effective, transparent, and unbiased manner to reduce food insecurity. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) Ministry of Science and Technology, Bangladesh 2024-02-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202402239639 10.17170/kobra-202402239639 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 125, No 1 (2024); 43-55 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202402239639/1111 Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/52 2016-04-06T08:00:14Z jarts:ART

Productivity and Breeding Strategies of Sheep in Indonesia: A Review Sodiq, Akhmad Tawfik, Ezzat S. Animal Science and Zoology sheep; breeds; breeding; Indonesia; Javanese Thin Tail; Javanese Fat Tail; Sumatra Thin Tailed; Semarang; Garut; Priangan There are two distinct types of sheep in Indonesia: thin-tailed and fat-tailed, with some strain differentiation within each. The most important sheep breeds of Indonesia are the Javanese Thin Tail (JTT) and Javanese Fat Tail (JFT) sheep of West and East Java, respectively. Included are strains of thin tailed sheep Sumatra Thin Tailed (STT), Semarang, Garut and the Priangan sheep. The government also introduced some temperate sheep breeds (such as: Merino, Suffolk, Dorset, Suffas, Dormer, St.Croix and Barbados Blackbelly sheep). The purposes of this paper are to review the potential of productivity for local sheep and their crosses with some imported sheep breeds. The concepts of breeding strategies for sheep in Indonesia are also discussed in three parts: (1) evaluation and improvement of local breeds (2) nucleus structure, and (3) gene migration (crossbreeding). German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2004-05-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/52 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 105, No 1 (2004); 71-82 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/52/46

oai:jarts.info:article/1763 2015-06-02T15:42:53Z jarts:ART

The Koundoum sheep breed in Niger: morpho-biometric study and description of the production system Hamadou, Issa Moula, Nassim Siddo, Seyni Marichatou, Hamani Issa, Moumouni Leroy, Pascal Antoine-Moussiaux, Nicolas Animal Husbandry; Animal Production; Biodiversity biodiversity; description; conservation; Koundoum sheep; morpho-biometry; Niger The diffusion of highly productive breeds across developing countries goes along with a neglect of indigenous breeds, which are well suited to their environment but often show low yields. Thus, in Niger, the flock of Koundoum sheep are rapidly decreasing. The Koundoum is one of the few wool sheep breeds of Africa and shows important adaptive feature to its native environment, i.e. the humid pastures on the banks of the Niger River. To characterise the breed and to understand its production context, a survey has been conducted in 104 herds in four communes along the Niger River (Kollo, Tillabery, Say and Tera). Nine body measurements, including live weight, were taken on 180 adult sheep (101 females and 79 males). The herds varied from 2 to 60 heads, with a median size of eight animals and two thirds of the herds having less than 10 animals. Mainly fed on natural pastures, 85.6% of the herds received crop residues. Only natural mating was practiced. Veterinary care was restricted to anti-helminthic and some indigenous treatments. The frequent affiliation of breeders to professional unions appeared as favourable to the implementation of a collective conservation program. The Koundoum sheep were white or black coated, with the black colour being most frequent (75.6%). Wattles were present in both sexes at similar frequencies of around 14%. All biometric variables were significantly and positively correlated between them. The thoracic perimeter showed the best correlation with live weight in both males and females. Three variables were selected for live weight prediction: thoracic perimeter, height at withers and rump length. From the present study, it is expected that the in situ conservation of the Koundoum sheep will be highly problematic, due to lack of market opportunities for wool and the willingness of smallholders to get involved in pure Koundoum rearing. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2015-05-21 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2015011347146 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2015011347146 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 116, No 1 (2015); 49-58 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2015011347146/836

oai:jarts.info:article/18 2016-04-04T15:23:18Z jarts:ART

Milk Yield During the First Four Months of Lactation and Cow Productivity of Brahman and Tuli Beef Cattle in South-East Botswana Chabo, R. G. Koka, D. C. Oageng, T. Animal Husbandry Brahman; Tuli; milk production; cow productivity; beef cattle The climate of Botswana because of its semi-aridity, is mostly suitable for livestock farming, especially beef cattle production under extensive grazing conditions. The major indigenous cattle breed is the Tswana, while the Tuli (TT) and Brahman (BB) are popular and increasing in numbers to the cattle population of 2.5 million. In the present study, the TT (n=15) and BB (n=24) breeds were compared for cow productivity and milk production using the weigh-suckle-weigh technique. The TT cows produced more milk than BB cows (12.4 vs 9.2 kg/d) during the first four months of lactation. However, BB cows produced heavier (P0.001) calves at weaning than TT cows (164.8 vs 150.4 kg). Similarly, BB cows produced faster (P0.001) growing calves than TT cows (.69 vs .64 kg/d). Across breeds, calves born earlier in the season had a higher (P0.01) average daily gain (ADG) than those born later in the season (.69 vs .64 kg/d). It is an advantage to producers to have the majority of calves born early in the calving season (September/October) so that calves are bigger and heavier at weaning than those calves born late in the season (November/December). German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2003-05-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/18 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 104, No 1 (2003); 65-70 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/18/15

oai:jarts.info:article/3462 2020-07-08T15:19:55Z jarts:ART

The effects of grain storage technologies on maize marketing behaviour of smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe Chuma, Teresa Mudhara, Maxwell Govereh, Jones Agricultural economics Smallholder farmers, net buyer, net seller, maize, ordered probit regression This study investigated the effects of grain storage practices on smallholder farmers’ maize marketing behaviour using primary data collected from 413 random households in Makoni and Shamva Districts of Zimbabwe. The data was analysed using the ordered probit model and the study results revealed that storage practices had significant effects on the maize marketing behaviour of smallholder farmers. Storage using insecticide and traditional granary increased the chances of farmers to become net sellers of maize. Using insecticide in storage reduces the amount of grain that is lost in storage hence farmers are able to preserve the amount of grain available for consumption and also for sale. This implies that safe storage of maize may increase household incomes thus reducing poverty. This also contributes to improved food security. Investment in safe grain storage technologies is thus a fundamental key policy issue in developing countries. Quantity harvested, market location, household head’s sex and other household factors influenced maize marketing behaviour of smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) CIMMYT 2020-01-17 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20191217882 10.17170/kobra-20191217882 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 121, No 1 (2020); 1-12 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20191217882/989 Copyright (c) 2020 Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/567 2018-06-20T09:14:40Z jarts:ART

Determinants of crop diversity and composition in Enset-coffee agroforestry homegardens of Southern Ethiopia Abebe, Tesfaye Agronomy and crop Science; Agroforestry; Agroecology; agroforestry systems; coffee; crop diversity; Enset; homegardens; Sidama Households in much of the tropics depend for their livelihoods on the variety and continued production of food and other products that are provided by their own farms. In such systems, maintenance of agrobiodiversity and ensuring food security are important for the well being of the population. The enset-coffee agroforestry homegardens of Southern Ethiopia that are dominated by two native perennial crops, Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) and Enset (Enset ventricosum Welw. Cheesman), are examples of such agricultural systems. This study was conducted in Sidama administrative zone of Southern Ethiopia to determine the factors that influence the diversity and composition of crops in the systems. Data were collected from 144 sample homegardens selected from four districts. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to relate indices of crop diversity and area share of major crops with the physical and socioeconomic factors. The study revealed that socioeconomic factors, mainly proximity to markets, affected negatively crop species richness. The production area of the main crops enset and coffee decreased with increasing proximity to market and road while that of maize and khat increased. At household level, farm size had a significant effect on area share of enset and coffee. As farm size increased the share of the cash crop, coffee increased but that of the staple, enset declined. Enset, which is the backbone of the system in terms of food security, is declining on small farms and the share of monoculture maize system is increasing. The trend towards declining agrobiodiversity, and reduction in the production area of the main perennial crops and their gradual replacement with monoculture fields could make the systems liable to instability and collapse. As these sites are high potential agricultural areas, intensification can be achieved by integrating high-value and more productive crops, such as fruits, spices and vegetables, while maintaining the integrated and complex nature of the systems. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) for funding the research 2013-08-09 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2013030542580 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2013030542580 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 114, No 1 (2013); 29-38 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2013030542580/427

oai:jarts.info:article/316 2013-04-16T21:30:37Z jarts:ART

Short-term poverty dynamics of rural households: Evidence from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia van Edig, Xenia Schwarze, Stefan Agricultultural economics Poverty dynamics; Spells approach; Multinomial logit model; Indonesia The understanding of poverty dynamics is crucial for the design of appropriate poverty reduction strategies. Taking the case of Central Sulawesi, we investigate the determinants of both chronic and transitory poverty using data from 264 randomly selected households interviewed in 2005 and 2007. Regarding the US 1$/day poverty line, the headcount index declined from 19.3% in 2005 to 18.2% in 2007. However, we observed an increasing number of people living on less than US 2$/day expressed in purchasing power parity (PPP). The results of the estimated multinomial logit model applied in this study indicate that a lack of non-agricultural employment opportunities and low endowment of social capital are major determinants of chronic as well as transitory poverty in this province of Indonesia. These results are used to draw policy conclusions with respect to the alleviation of transitory and chronic poverty in Central Sulawesi. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) DFG 2012-06-12 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012011740376 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2012011740376 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 112, No 2 (2011); 141-155 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012011740376/158

oai:jarts.info:article/3038 2018-07-02T09:22:06Z jarts:ART

Genetic variability among wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm for resistance to spot blotch disease Tembo, Batiseba Sibiya, Julia Tongoona, Pangirayi Agronomy and Crop Science Bipolaris sorokiniana, disease, management, screening, host resistance Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem. is the most devastating disease limiting wheat productivity in warm and humid environments. One hundred and fifty wheat genotypes were evaluated under field conditions in 2013 and 2014 in six different locations in Zambia. The genotypes showed different levels of resistance to spot blotch. Genotypes 19HRWSN6 (Kenya Heroe), 19HRWSN7 (Prontia Federal) and 19HRWSN15 (BRBT2/METSO) were resistant lines across environments. The genotype plus genotype by environment (GGE) biplot grouped the six environments (E) into three mega-environments (ME) with respect to spot blotch severity. ME I contained Golden Valley Agricultural Research Trust (GART) (E6) only. Mpongwe (E4), Mt. Makulu (E5 and E2) and GART (E3) formed ME II, while ME III contained only Mutanda (E1). Genotypes 16HRWYT5, SB50 and 20HRWSN33 were the most susceptible genotypes in ME I, II and III, respectively. Genotype 19HRWSN7 was the most resistant across test locations. The locations in ME III were highly correlated indicating that they provided similar information on genotypes. This suggests that one location could be chosen among the locations in ME III for screening spot blotch resistance each year if the pattern repeats across years. This could aid in reducing the cost of genotype evaluation and improve efficiency as genotypes would be handled in fewer environments. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) 2018-06-21 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2018022754656 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2018022754656 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 119, No 1 (2018); 85-93 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2018022754656/940 http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/downloadSuppFile/2018022754656/1398 Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/4739 2022-10-04T13:14:29Z jarts:ART

The role of crop protection products of multinational brands for agricultural sustainability in the cotton-growing zone in Pakistan Bilal, Muhammad Barkmann, Jan Brümmer, Bernhard Agro-ecology; Agricultultural economics, Rural development Agro-ecological zone, Farm revenue, Smallholder farming households, Specialisation, Technical efficiency Despite the use of Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) cotton in Pakistan, the country is still far behind in farm harvest per unit compared to other cotton-producing countries such as China and Turkey. Cotton is a pest-sensitive crop, and inappropriate crop protection products contribute to lower agricultural sustainability. This issue attracts additional attention in developing countries such as Pakistan, where generic formulation/sub-standard crop protection products are easily and abundantly available. However, the impact of the application of crop protection products of multinational brands in contrast to generic formulation/sub-standard crop protection products on total farm revenue is explicitly not documented. We employ a stochastic frontier production framework using a survey of smallholder farming households in the cotton-growing zone in Pakistan (N=266). The estimates of stochastic frontier production models show a positive relationship between the use of crop protection products of multinational brands and total farm revenue. The estimates of technical inefficiency models show that specialisation and regional dummy, among others, emerge as the key to determining the smallholders’ technical inefficiency. To get higher farm revenue and technical efficiency, we propose the agricultural policy makers of Pakistan to explicitly focus on the quality of crop protection products. Moreover, agricultural policy makers are advised to revisit the cropping system in the study area. This revisit may positively contribute to agricultural sustainability. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) Fiat Panis Foundation HEC/DAAD scholarship 2022-01-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202201195568 10.17170/kobra-202201195568 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 123, No 1 (2022); 1-11 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202201195568/1055 Copyright (c) 2022 Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/129 2016-04-06T10:37:24Z jarts:ART

Population Levels of Indigenous Bradyrhizobia Nodulating Promiscuous Soybean in two Kenyan Soils of the Semi-arid and Semi-humid Agroecological Zones Maingi, John M. Gitonga, Nkanata M. Shisanya, Chris A. Hornetz, Berthold Muluvi, Geoffrey M. Agronomy and Crop Science; Soil Science; Agrology; Plant science Bradyrhizobia; soybean; Glycine Cross; TGx; Glycine max; nodulation; Most Probable Number; soil; nitrogen fixation; Kenya Soybeans grown in Africa have been selected to nodulate effectively with indigenous Bradyrhizobium spp. populations since Bradyrhizobium japonicum populations are considered absent or in very low numbers in African soils. The major objective of this study was to estimate total population of Bradyrhizobia specific to soybean in two agro-ecologically different study sites, Kiboko in Makueni District, Southeast Kenya (semi-arid to arid conditions) and Kaguru in Meru District, East Kenya (semi-humid climate) . The population of the indigenous rhizobia specific to soybeans was determined using the Most Probable Number (MPN) plant infection technique. In these experiments, the total Bradyrhizobia populations, the population sizes of taxonomically defined slow-growing Bradyrhizobia specific to soybean and the population sizes of Bradyrhizobia spp. specific to tropical Glycine Cross (TGx) varieties were determined for the two study sites. Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata, cultivar Ken Kunde I was used to estimate the total Bradyrhizobia spp. population. Clark soybean, Glycine max, was used to estimate the population sizes of taxonomically defined slow-growing Bradyrhizobia spp. specific to soybean while a TGx genotype, SB12-TGx1869-31E was used to determine the population sizes of Bradyrhizobia spp. specific to TGx varieties. The results of the MPN counts indicated that the total Bradyrhizobia population in Kiboko was between 2.59x104 and 1.89x105. The population size of taxonomically defined slowgrowing Bradyrhizobia in Kiboko was between 2.59x102 and 1.89x103 cells per gram of soil sample while the approximate Bradyrhizobia population specific to TGx genotype was between 7.81x102 and 5.67x103 cells per gram of soil. In Kaguru, the approximate total Bradyrhizobia population was between 1.04x102 and 7.56x103 cells per gram of soil. The population size of taxonomically defined slow-growing Bradyrhizobia was between 1.33x102 and 9.72x102 cells per gram of soil while the approximate Bradyrhizobia population specific toTGx genotype was between 2.37x102 and 1.73x103 per gram of soil. These populations were adequate to give satisfactory results on nodulation and nitrogen fixation in the two study sites. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2006-11-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/129 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 107, No 2 (2006); 149-159 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/129/112

oai:jarts.info:article/1902 2018-06-20T09:04:03Z jarts:ART

The role of institutions as actors influencing Uganda’s cassava sector Mutyaba, Cedric Lubinga, Moses Herbert Ogwal, Richard O. Tumwesigye, Steven Agricultural Economics farmers, processors, traders, linkages, value chain, institutions, Uganda We aim at mapping out a detailed framework that reveals the proportionate flow of cassava and its products along the value chain (VC). Furthermore, we aim at establishing the role of institutions and the linkages between institutions and other VC actors that influence the cassava VC in Uganda. We use both primary and secondary data obtained from four regions in Uganda. Results show that farmers, processors, transporters, traders, consumers and institutions are the major actors. There are four categories of institutions, viz, government, non-government, community based organisations and international agencies. Roles performed by institutions include: development and enforcement of policies, Research and Development (RD), capacity building, and creation of market access linkages for cassava and its products. Findings reveal that there is no clear nexus and no coordination among farmers/producers, processors, traders, transporters and consumers. However, institutions are well coordinated and play various roles along the VC to influence the dynamics of actors. Policy-wise it is important to establish strong private-public partnerships to bridge the impaired linkages between the actors (farmers/producers, processors, traders, transporters, and consumers) and institutions. Strong partnerships are envisaged to reduce the associated transaction costs amongst the actors. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2016-04-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016020149824 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2016020149824 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 117, No 1 (2016); 113-123 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016020149824/870 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/5124 2024-02-23T09:07:20Z jarts:ART

Newly implemented crop-livestock-forest systems increase available water and aeration in soils of the Brazilian Savannah Marques Moura, Thamires De Melo Carvalho, Marcia Thais Stone, Luis Fernando Madari, Beata Emoke de Castro Santos, Darliane Moreira Alves, Estenio Trogello, Emerson Faustino, Lucas Luis Oliveira de Almeida Machado, Pedro Luiz Soil Science; Agronomy; Forestry Soil water retention capacity, Pasture, Eucalyptus trees, Integration There is a growing demand for cropping systems that guarantee food production by improving the use efficiency of natural resources such as soil and water. The crop-livestock-forest (CLF) system is a form of sustainable intensification in which biodiversity and yields are increased on the same area. In this study, the physical-hydric properties of a Ferralsol and Cambisol in Central Brazil within the Savannah biome (Cerrado) were investigated 2 and 1 year after implementation of CLF systems. Soil samples were collected at seven soil depths up to 1 meter deep in CLF systems, within and between rows of trees, in a native forest (NF) and in a non-cultivated pasture, which was used as a reference (P-REF) for comparing soil quality with CLF establishment. Statistical analysis of soil water retention capacity considered two soil layers, 0.0-0.3 and 0.3-1.0 m, using clay and gravel contents as covariates in a mixed model. Main differences were noted within 0.0-0.3 m soil layer. In the Ferralsol, the available water was 0.2-0.3 mm higher in the CLF than in the P-REF, mainly due to an improvement in Theta R and microporosity. The Cambisol, in turn, showed in CLF and in NF a higher aeration capacity by up to 0.3 m3 m-3 than in P-REF, as indicated by the Theta S and macroporosity values. The S index values showed that CLF can improve soil physical quality of light textured soils such as Cambisol in the short term compared to P-REF. This improvement in soil quality is key to sustaining food production under tropical conditions. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) Embrapa CNPq FAPEG 2023-11-21 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202311028941 10.17170/kobra-202311028941 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 124, No 2 (2023); 149-158 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202311028941/1098 Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/41 2016-04-06T08:34:06Z jarts:ART

Effects of Biomass Ashes on Plant Nutrition in Tropical and Temperate Regions Lopez, Raul Padilla, Ernesto Bachmann, Silvia Eichler-Loebermann, Bettina Plant production; poultry litter ash; wood ash; sugar cane ash; phosphorus; nutrient recycling The drastic rise of prices for commercial fertilizers is one of the main obstacles to increase the productivity in crop production, mainly in poor countries. The search for alternatives therefore becomes very important. The reutilization of residues from bionergy processes for plant nutrition is an important concern to save fertilizers and to implement nutrient cycling in agriculture. For this study ashes derived from bioenergy production were investigated. The effect of sugar cane ash (SCA) on lettuce and cucumber was investigated in Cuba and the effects of ashes from wood (WA), poultry litter (PLA), and rape meal (RMA) on ryegrass and oil radish were investigated in Germany. Special attention was given to phosphorus (P) availability. Positive yield effects and an increased plant P uptake were found when ashes were applied (mainly SCA and RMA). Investigation regarding the effect of PLA on soil P pools showed that the ash application may also result in an increase of readily available P contents in soil. Furthermore, an increased plant uptake of potassium was found. The results indicate that ashes derived from the energetic use of biomass may provide a suitable source for plant nutrition. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2009-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/41 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 110, No 1 (2009); 49-58 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/41/116

oai:jarts.info:article/1620 2014-12-31T17:26:13Z jarts:ART

Assessing the users’ need for a spatial decision support system of smallholder farming in Kenya Teucher, Mike Hornetz, Berthold Jätzold, Ralph Mairura, Zachariah Agroecology; Natural resource management agricultural guidance; Farm Management Handbook; geographical information system; land use; small-scale farming Accurate data of the natural conditions and agricultural systems with a good spatial resolution are a key factor to tackle food insecurity in developing countries. A broad variety of approaches exists to achieve precise data and information about agriculture. One system, especially developed for smallholder agriculture in East Africa, is the Farm Management Handbook of Kenya. It was first published in 1982/83 and fully revised in 2012, now containing 7 volumes. The handbooks contain detailed information on climate, soils, suitable crops and soil care based on scientific research results of the last 30 years. The density of facts leads to time consuming extraction of all necessary information. In this study we analyse the user needs and necessary components of a system for decision support for smallholder farming in Kenya based on a geographical information system (GIS). Required data sources were identified, as well as essential functions of the system. We analysed the results of our survey conducted in 2012 and early 2013 among agricultural officers. The monitoring of user needs and the problem of non-adaptability of an agricultural information system on the level of extension officers in Kenya are the central objectives. The outcomes of the survey suggest the establishment of a decision support tool based on already available open source GIS components. The system should include functionalities to show general information for a specific location and should provide precise recommendations about suitable crops and management options to support agricultural guidance on farm level. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) German Cooperation (GIZ) Ministry of Agriculture Kenya 2014-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2014121946895 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2014121946895 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 115, No 2 (2014); 101-110 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2014121946895/815

oai:jarts.info:article/9 2016-04-04T15:09:59Z jarts:ART

Use of Combined Economic Threshold Level to Control Insect Pests Ahmed, M. Mz. Elhassan, A. M. Kannan, H. O. Plant Production; Agricultural Economics cotton, insect pest, economic threshold level The economic threshold level (ETL) is a key factor to be studied for insect pests control. It is difficult to monitor cotton insect pests separately, and it is not reasonable to base decision-making for spraying on an ETL of individual insects and ignore sub-levels of other cotton insect pests. So, we want to use a combined ETL in a way of insect units, to put all major insect pests to consideration as an insect pests‘ complex. This means delaying the first spray to give a chance for natural enemies to develop and then lower the number of sprays and consequently reduce the cost of production. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2002-11-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/9 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 103, No 2 (2002); 147-156 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/9/6

oai:jarts.info:article/3510 2020-01-13T13:30:22Z jarts:ART

Liming effects on reproductive growth and yield components of maize grown on an acid rainforest soil Adikuru, Ndubuisi Chinedu Ogoke, Iheanyichukwu Jonathan Anyanwu, Chinyere Prisca Uzoho, Bethel Ugochukwu Agronomy and Crop Science; Crop Production and Physiology Anthesis-silking interval, flowering synchrony, kernel number, lime, southeastern Nigeria Maize was planted on limed and unlimed plots to study the effect of soil acidity on reproductive growth and yield components of the crop in Owerri southeastern Nigeria. Eight (8) maize varieties (Factor A) and two lime levels (0 and 2 t ha-1, Factor B) were arranged as a factorial experiment in a randomised complete block design with three replications. The number of days to 50 % anthesis and silking, anthesis-silking interval (ASI), physiological maturity and grain filling duration were measured to determine the effect on reproductive development. The effect on yield and yield components were determined by measuring the number of grain rows cob-1, grains row-1, grains cob-1, weight of hundred seeds and grain yield. Soil acidity induced the distortion of the synchrony in maize flowering by a 45.9 % increase in ASI. This caused a reduction in yield components and ultimately reduced grain yield by 35.5 %. Among the varieties, AK 9928-DMRSR, OBA SUPER II and AMA TZBR C1 with ASI of 3.0, 4.0 and 4.0 days respectively, were the least affected by distortion of synchrony in flowering. These varieties also had the highest grain yield (3.3, 2.9 and 3.1 t ha-1, respectively), greatest number of grains cob-1 (kernel number, 358, 327 and 339) and were therefore the best among this set of maize varieties under the prevailing acid soil conditions. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan, Oyo state Nigeria (for the supply of maize seeds) 2019-12-03 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20191127812 10.17170/kobra-20191127812 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 120, No 2 (2019); 141-147 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20191127812/978 Copyright (c) 2019 Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/5027 2023-02-21T20:51:31Z jarts:ART

Rural alternatives for local development: An intercultural analysis (case study from northern Ecuador) Krainer, Anita Hidalgo Palma, Karla Alejandra Conejo Males, Maria Matilde Bioculturality, Traditional knowledge, Dialogue of knowledge, Eco-development, Transgenerational This study takes a historical and analytical tour of the experiences, ways of life and community knowledge oriented towards the construction of alternatives to achieve development in the communities of Cotacachi and Yunguilla, Ecuador. Rural development has been an extremely neglected issue by the Ecuadorian government and local authorities. In the 21st century, this neglect continues to impact peasants and indigenous people, manifesting itself in all kinds of inequalities that affect the quality of life of their families. From this reality, alternatives for change arise within the communities and community organisations, which are oriented towards local development and thus avoid deterritorialisation.During this process, the cooperation of external actors such as foundations and non-governmental organisations has been of vital importance. In addition, the intercultural approach presents social and economic development in accordance with the national reality itself. However, on some occasions, the traditional knowledge of local communities is not valued because it is empirical, oral and transgenerational. In this sense, bioculturality highlights the relevance of community dynamics and their attachment to the natural environment. For this study, a qualitative methodology was applied, together with qualitative techniques and instruments. The present work informs on two cases of rural development that are born from the active participation and empowerment of local actors, located in the northern Andean region of Ecuador. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2022-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202212227258 10.17170/kobra-202212227258 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 123, No 2 (2022); 273-284 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202212227258/1082 Copyright (c) 2022 Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/490 2013-04-16T21:26:09Z jarts:ART

Alternative plant protein sources for pigs and chickens in the tropics – nutritional value and constraints: a review Martens, Siriwan D. Tiemann, Tassilo T. Bindelle, Jérôme Peters, Michael Lascano, Carlos E. Animal Nutrition; Forage Science; Animal Husbandry tropical forages; pigs; poultry; protein supplementation In the tropics, a large number of smallholder farms contribute significantly to food security by raising pigs and poultry for domestic consumption and for sale on local markets. The high cost and, sometimes, the lack of availability of commercial protein supplements is one of the main limitations to efficient animal production by smallholders. Locally-grown forages and grain legumes offer ecological benefits such as nitrogen fixation, soil improvement, and erosion control which contribute to improve cropping efficiency. Besides these agronomical assets, they can be used as animal feeds in mixed farming systems. In this paper we review options to include locally-grown forages and grain legumes as alternative protein sources in the diets of pigs and poultry in order to reduce farmers’ dependence on externally-purchased protein concentrates. The potential nutritive value of a wide range of forages and grain legumes is presented and discussed. The influence of dietary fibre and plant secondary metabolites contents and their antinutritive consequences on feed intake, digestive processes and animal performances are considered according to the varying composition in those compounds of the different plant species and cultivars covered in this review. Finally, methods to overcome the antinutritive attributes of the plant secondary metabolites using heat, chemical or biological treatment are reviewed regarding their efficiency and their suitability in low input farming systems. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2013-03-02 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012092441794 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2012092441794 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 113, No 2 (2012); 101-123 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012092441794/191

oai:jarts.info:article/288 2013-04-16T21:30:37Z jarts:ART

Evaluating partial root-zone irrigation and mulching in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) under a sub-humid tropical climate Panigrahi, Pravukalyan Sahu, Narendra Nath Pradhan, Sanatan Agronomy and Crop Science okra; partial root-zone irrigation; irrigation water use efficiency; yield; production economics The field experiments were conducted to compare the alternate partial root-zone irrigation (APRI) with and without black plastic mulch (BPM) with full root-zone irrigation (FRI) in furrow-irrigated okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) at Bhubaneswar, India. APRI means that one of the two neighbouring furrows was alternately irrigated during consecutive watering. FRI was the conventional method where every furrow was irrigated during each watering. The used irrigation levels were 25% available soil moisture depletion (ASMD), 50% ASMD, and 75% ASMD. The plant growth and yield parameters were observed to be significantly (p 0.05) higher with frequent irrigation (at 25% ASMD) under all irrigation strategies. However, APRI + BPM produced the maximum plant growth and yield using 22% and 56% less water over APRI without BPM and FRI, respectively. The highest pod yield (10025 kg ha-1) was produced under APRI at 25% ASMD + BPM, which was statistically at par with the pod yield under APRI at 50% ASMD + BPM. Irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), which indicates the pod yield per unit quantity of irrigation water, was estimated to be highest (12.3 kg m-3) under APRI at 50% ASMD + BPM, followed by APRI at 25% ASMD + BPM. Moreover, the treatment APRI at 50% ASMD + BPM was found economically superior to other treatments, generating more net return (US $ 952 ha-1) with higher benefit–cost ratio (1.70). German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2012-06-12 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012060641256 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2012060641256 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 112, No 2 (2011); 169-175 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012060641256/160

oai:jarts.info:article/3020 2018-01-03T17:08:13Z jarts:ART

Effect of pre-plant treatments of yam (Dioscorea rotundata) setts on the production of healthy seed yam, seed yam storage and consecutive ware tuber production Claudius-Cole, Abiodun Olufunmilayo Kenyon, Lawrence Coyne, Danny L. Crop Science, Crop Protection, Plant pathology hot water treatment, mancozeb, neem, pesticide dip, seed health, yam tubers Numerous pests and diseases of yams are perpetuated from season to season through the use of infected seed material. Developing a system for generating healthy seed material would disrupt this disease cycle and reduce losses in field and storage. The use of various pre-plant treatments was evaluated in field experiments carried out at three sites in Nigeria. Yam tubers of four preferred local cultivars were cut into 100 g setts and treated with pesticide (fungicide + insecticide mixture), neem extract (1 : 5 w/v), hot water (20 min at 53 °C) or wood ash (farmers practice) and compared with untreated setts. Pesticide treated setts sprouted better than all other treatments and generally led to lower pest and disease damage of yam tubers. Pesticide treatment increased tuber yields over most treatments, depending on cultivar, but effectively doubled the production as compared to the control. Pesticide and hot water treated setts produced the healthiest seed yams, which had lower storage losses than tubers from other treatments. These pre-treated seed yams produced higher yields corresponding to 700 % potential gain compared to the farmers usual practice. Treatments had no obvious influence on virus incidence, although virus-symptomatic plants yielded significantly less than nonsymptomatic plants. This study demonstrated that pre-plant treatment of setts with pesticide is a simple and effective method that guarantees more, heavier and healthier seed yam tubers. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) DFID 2017-12-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017112153823 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2017112153823 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 118, No 2 (2017); 297-306 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017112153823/927 Copyright (c) 2017 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/6263 2026-04-16T19:44:34Z jarts:ART

Evaluating the impact of home gardening and nutrition education on haemoglobin levels, dietary diversity, and mid-upper arm circumference in Mbororo women: Case of Northwest region, Cameroon Ebile, Pride Anya Ndambi, Asaah Stuetz, Wolfgang Brulé, Mathieu Ndah, Hycenth Tim Schuler, Johannes Agroecology; Horticulture; Agricultultural economics; Nutritional health: Food-based intervention, Minority community, Nutrition education, Overweight and underweight The nutritional status of the Mbororo, a Fulbe minority group in Cameroon’s Northwest Region, is often inadequate. This cross-sectional study assessed the impact of a home garden project combined with nutrition education on the nutritional status of Mbororo women, using dietary diversity score (DDS), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and haemoglobin levels as indicators. Data were collected from 70 healthy, non-pregnant Mbororo women aged 65 years or younger. These women were randomly selected from communities with and without home gardens. Women in home garden communities had significantly higher mean DDS (5.4 ± 0.9) than those in non-garden communities (4.2 ± 0.7; p = 0.001), indicating improved dietary quality. However, no significant differences were found in MUAC or haemoglobin levels between groups. Anaemia prevalence across all communities was 52.9%, a severe public health concern, with 27.1% of women underweight and 15.8% overweight, highlighting the double burden of malnutrition. While home gardens improved dietary diversity, they did not resolve broader nutritional challenges. The study concludes that addressing malnutrition in minority communities requires integrated, nutrition-sensitive interventions. These should include nutrition education, home gardening alongside small-scale livestock rearing and fish farming to enhance access to iron-rich foods and diversify nutrient sources. Such approaches are vital for improving long-term nutrition and health outcomes in underserved populations like the Mbororo. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) This study was funded by the Fiat Panis Foundation and the Food Security Centre at the University of Hohenheim through the DAAD "Exceed" program. 2026-02-05 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/kobra-2026011411804 10.17170/kobra-2026011411804 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 127 (2026); 55-67 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/kobra-2026011411804/1178 Copyright (c) 2026 Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/4458 2021-12-31T15:56:33Z jarts:ART

Drivers of adaptation to climate change in vulnerable farming communities: a micro analysis of rice farmers in Ndop, Cameroon Zama, Nde I. Lan, Fang Zama, Eric F. Agricultural economics Socio-economic factors, Food security Farmers in developing economies often struggle to adapt to climate change and their decisions to adapt usually hinges on perception and prevailing socio-economic factors. This study examines factors controlling farmers’ decision to adapt to climate change and evaluate the impact of such decisions on farm output. Using primary data from 138 rice farming households in Ndop-Cameroon, we employ the probit model with endogenous switching regression to investigate the impact of the farmers’ adaptation decisions on output. The results indicate that access to credits, other incomes, farmers’ age, extension services and farmer groupings form key factors that significantly affects farmers’ decision to adapt to climate change. Strategic implementation of adaptive measures, significantly increased average output of adapters by 49%. Building resilience against climate change and ensuring food security, therefore requires stakeholders to take into account existing management strategies and the underlying factors influencing these. This study suggests the crucial need for institutional advancement and policy changes towards credit accessibility for rice farmers. More local farmers’ associations should be created and extension services improved to enhance effective adaptation and farmers’ vulnerability. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC) and the Ministry of Education (MOE), Grant No. 17JJD790015. 2021-11-04 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202110274961 10.17170/kobra-202110274961 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 122, No 2 (2021); 231-243 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202110274961/1046 Copyright (c) 2021 Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/116 2016-04-06T10:30:01Z jarts:ART

Properties of New Reclaimed Soils in the Merowi Irrigation Project of North Sudan Elhagwa, Abdalla Richter, Christian Gedamu, Ashenafi Soil Science colloidal activity; desert soils; salinity; sodicity; Sudanese soils This study is a correlation analysis between main productivity limiting soil parameters of desert soils of North Sudan. The indications are based on data of 52 soil profiles representing the desert plain as the main land form of the region. The results show a high significant correlation of cation exchange capacity with both clay and silt in two soil depths. This positive correlation is a new guide for better understanding of the colloidal behaviour of desert soils. The salinity and sodicity interactions of the studied soils were tested via correlation analyses of ECe, ESP and SAR for salinity and sodicity, respectively. The high positive correlation between ECe and ESP indicates a strong association of saline and sodic soils in the desert plain of Northern Sudan. The high positive correlation of ESP and SAR enables a formula to estimate ESP by using the SAR data. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2007-11-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/116 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 108, No 2 (2007); 113-121 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/116/103

oai:jarts.info:article/5896 2025-06-10T08:34:54Z jarts:ART

Growth promoting and health enhancing effects of aged palm sap-enriched activated biochar in broiler nutrition Ohanaka, Albert Uzochukwu Chinenye Ohanaka, Judith Nkechinyere Nwogu, Chinwe Mary Ogbuewu, Ifeanyi Princewill Etuk, Idorenyin Friday Okoli, Ifeanyi Charles Animal Husbandry Charcoal, Organic acid, Mineral retention, Carcass quality, Haematological-biochemical profiles, Adsorbent. This study aimed to assess the impact of aged palm sap-enriched activated biochar (AC+APS) supplementation on the growth performance, carcass yield, haematological parameters and biochemical indices of broilers. Two hundred and forty (240) male day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were assigned to five dietary treatment groups with six (6) replicates in a completely randomized design (CRD). The control group was fed a basal diet (A0) containing no additives. Groups A1 and A2 were fed a basal diet containing activated biochar (AC) at 0.50 and 1.00%, respectively, while groups A3 and A4 were fed a basal diet containing 0.50 and 1.00% activated biochar enriched with aged palm sap (AC+APS), respectively during an experimental period of 6 weeks.  The results revealed significant (p0.05) improvements in growth performance in 0.50% AC+APS-supplemented broilers compared to those in the AC-supplemented or control group during the finisher and overall production stages. The effect of AC and AC+APS inclusion on average daily feed intake was pronounced (p0.05) only during the finisher (22-42 days) period. All the test groups exhibited similar (p0.05) carcass traits to those of the control group and the treatments had no deleterious effects on organ development. Moreover, the AC+APS additive improved (p0.05) haematopoietic processes / parameters, serum protein profiles, glucose synthesis, and decreased serum enzyme activities while increasing mineral retention in broilers compared to those in the control or AC-supplemented broilers. The 0.50% AC+APS therefore proved to be the most beneficial additive for improving productive and physiological functions in broilers and could be a useful substitute for antibiotic growth-promoting additives in poultry diets. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) not applicable 2025-01-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/kobra-2025011410815 10.17170/kobra-2025011410815 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 126, No 1 (2025); 13-24 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/kobra-2025011410815/1142 Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/76 2016-04-06T08:40:54Z jarts:ART

Decomposition of Organic Substrates and their Effect on Mungbean Growth in Two Soils of the Mekong Delta Becker, Mathias Asch, Folkard Chiem, Nguyen Huu Ni, D. V. Saleh, E. Tanh, K. V. Tinh, T. K. Agronomy and Crop Science acid sulfate soil; Al toxicity; N mineralization; Vietnam; Vigna radiata Agricultural land use in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam is dominated by intensive irrigated rice cropping systems on both alluvial and acid sulfate soils. A stagnating and occasionally declining productivity may be linked on the alluvial soils to low N use efficiency and low soil organic matter content while on acid sulfate soils to acidity, Al toxicity and P deficiency. For economic reasons, farmers increasingly diversify their cropping system by replacing the dry season rice by high-value horticultural crops grown under upland conditions. However, upland cropping is likely to further exacerbate the soil-related problems. Organic substrates from decentralized waste and waste water management are widely available and may help to alleviate the reported soil problems. During the dry season of 2003/2004, the effect of the application of various types and rates of locally available waste products on crop performance was evaluated at both an alluvial and an acid sulfate soil site. The C and N mineralization dynamics of nine organic substrates from waste and waste water treatment were determined by anaerobic (N) and aerobic (C) incubation in the laboratory. The response of 12 week-old mungbean (dry matter accumulation) to substrate application (1.5 – 6.0 Mg ha−1) was evaluated on a degraded alluvial and on an acid sulfate soil. In the alluvial soil, largest mineralization rates were observed from anaerobic sludge. Biomass increases in 12 week-old mungbean ranged from 25-98% above the unfertilized control. In the acid sulfate soil, highest net-N release rates were observed from aerobic composts with high P content. Mungbean biomass was related to soil pH and exchangeable Al3+ and was highest with the application of aerobic composts. We conclude that the use of organic substrates in the rice-based systems of the Mekong Delta needs to be soil specific. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2008-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/76 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 109, No 1 (2008); 95-108 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/76/69

oai:jarts.info:article/4015 2020-12-28T07:40:01Z jarts:ART

Variation in baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) root tuber development and leaf number among different growth conditions for five provenances in Malawi Jansen, Lennart Darr, Dietrich Hansohm, Nele Gebauer, Jens Meinhold, Kathrin Munthali, Chimuleke R.Y. Wichern, Florian Baobab, indigenous fruit tree, Malawi, root tubers, underutilised plants The baobab tree is an underutilised indigenous fruit tree in sub-Saharan Africa which, at the same time is vulnerable to overexploitation in areas close to centres of demand, as currently baobab use is limited to wild, baobab trees. Baobab seedlings are known to form root tubers, but little is known about their growth characteristics and its yield potential. This study aims to investigate the root tuber and leaf development of baobab seedlings grown from seeds of five provenances, sown at three different planting distances in two nursery trials at climatically distinct locations in Malawi, namely Mzuzu and Mangochi. The observed yield data was fed into preliminary farm-gate profitability analyses for three different scenarios that differed by planting distance. Results indicate increased growth rates for root dry mass and number of developed leaves with increasing planting distance. However, we did not find a significant effect of seedling provenance on any of the measured plant growth parameters. Seedlings invested mainly into root development during the growth period, with root tubers reaching an average fresh weight of 41 ± 39 g and an average length of 24 ± 11.9 cm at 138 days after sowing. Profitability analyses showed a potential total net benefit of 12.78 USD per harvest cycle of 16 weeks and per 100 m² of land cultivated with baobab root tubers, which was better than an alternative scenario of maize cropping on the same area that showed a negative total net benefit when cost of family labour was included. However, the heterogeneity of root tuber development as affected by abiotic and biotic factors like soil fertility and water availability, as well as genetic origin warrant further investigation. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2020-08-21 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202007291508 10.17170/kobra-202007291508 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 121, No 2 (2020); 161-172 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202007291508/1010 Copyright (c) 2020 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/807 2014-08-07T15:42:09Z jarts:ART

Reciprocal and wage labour in rural Ecuador. A quantitative analysis Vasco, Cristian Agricultural economics reciprocal labour; community work; wage labour; Ecuador This paper analyses the determinants for rural Ecuadorian households to participate in community works, to exchange labour, and to use paid labour. The results show that participation in community work is more common among indigenous peoples who are more committed with community and live in areas with relatively high population densities. Exchange labour agreements are more common among indigenous households settled in areas where industrial agriculture has not penetrated yet. Instead, paid labour is used by small and educated households which have access to credit. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2014-08-07 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2014020344866 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2014020344866 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 115, No 1 (2014); 23-30 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2014020344866/803

oai:jarts.info:article/3346 2019-11-19T17:17:05Z jarts:ART

Open field screening of the productive parameters, protein content, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity of maize (Zea mays L.) in the marginal uplands of southern Madagascar Palchetti, Enrico Calamai, Alessandro Valenzi, Elena Rella, Giacomo Whittaker, Anne Masoni, Alberto Bindi, Marco Moriondo, Marco Brilli, Lorenzo Agronomy and Crop Science; Food Science maize, Madagascar, genotypes, yield, polyphenols, proteins, antiradical power Madagascar is recognised as having both a high level of poverty and a food shortage. The contribution of the agricultural sector to the national income is higher than for any other sector, though this sector remains insufficiently developed to sustain national food demand. In order to increase food production, the diversification of staple food in conjunction with the detection of best-yield genotypes may be considered the simplest and least expensive alternative approach. For this reason, the response of productive parameters, protein content, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity of maize (Zea mays L.) were tested in two different marginal uplands of southern Madagascar using 24 different genotypes. The length of the growing cycle and soil properties were shown to be key aspects for attaining optimal maize performances when cropped in the virgin soils of southern Madagascar. The results also indicated that maize may be considered a reliable alternative to the local staple food currently represented by rice, with sufficient protein and functional compounds for human health. The highest yields, protein content, total polyphenols, and antiradical power (ARP) were observed in the varieties Gasti, Local, Clariti, and Korimbos, respectively. To achieve a good compromise between yield and functional compounds, the varieties Maggi and Gasti are recommended for cultivation. The present results emphasise the effectiveness of maize cultivation in increasing food production in an undernourished country such as Madagascar. Further experiments are required to test maize performances under different soil, cultural and management conditions. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2019-10-14 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20190613556 10.17170/kobra-20190613556 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 120, No 1 (2019); 45-54 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20190613556/957 Copyright (c) 2019 Author(s) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/4939 2023-02-21T20:51:31Z jarts:ART

Agripreneurial drive among women shea butter processors in Kwara State, Nigeria: the motivating factors and efficiency Falola, Abraham Mukaila, Ridwan Akanbi, Sheu-Usman Oladipo Olohungbebe, Sheu Ahmad Adeyeye, Oluwatobiloba Christianah Agripreneurship, Women entrepreneur, Motivating factors, Efficiency, Constraints This study examined agricultural entrepreneurship among women shea butter processors in Kwara State Nigeria. It assessed their motivation factors, level of efficiencies, determinants of output and challenges faced in the entrepreneurial drive by the women. Primary data, collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, were collected from randomly selected 120 shea butter women processors. The data obtained were analysed with descriptive statistics, index ranking and the stochastic frontier function. The results showed that the motivating factors for agripreneurship among women were the quest to take care of the family, be financially independent, have increased income and be self-employed. The mean entrepreneurial, managerial and prudent efficiencies of the women were 0.78, 0.60 and 0.47, respectively. This indicates that there is still room for welfare gain by the women through improvement in their efficiency levels. The main determinants of output by the women were the quantity of shea nuts, water, and labour used. Meanwhile, educational status, access to extension services and membership in cooperatives had a direct effect on the level of entrepreneurial efficiency of the women, while their inefficiency increases with age. Entrepreneurial drive by the women was constrained by inadequate governmental and institutional support, poor credit facilities, lack of training on entrepreneurial development, poor potable water supply, and seasonality of the shea nuts. This study advocates efforts by the government and relevant stakeholders to support women to improve their agripreneurial efficiency. This could be achieved through the provision of processing technology, financial aid and training on entrepreneurial development. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2022-10-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202210116962 10.17170/kobra-202210116962 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 123, No 2 (2022); 175-187 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202210116962/1071 Copyright (c) 2022 Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/301 2018-06-20T09:31:42Z jarts:ART

Using a Double-pass solar drier for drying of bamboo shoots Banout, Jan Ehl, Petr Food Science; Agricultultural economics solar drying; drying efficiency; drying rate; bamboo shoots; central Vietnam Three different drying methods, a forced convection double-pass solar drier (DPSD), typical cabinet type natural convection solar drier (CD) and traditional open-sun drying (OSD) were used for draying of bamboo shoots in central Vietnam. During drying the operational parameters such as drying temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, insolation and water evaporation have been recorded hourly. The mean drying temperatures and relative humidity in the drying chamber were 55.2°C, 23.7%; 47.5°C, 37,6%; 36.2°C, 47.8% in DPSD, CD and OSD, respectively. The mean global radiation during all experimental runs was 670 Wm−2. The result also shows that fastest drying process was occurred in DPSD where the falling-rate period was achieved after 7 hours, in change to OSD where it took 16 hours. The overall drying efficiency was 23.11%, 15.83% and 9.73% in case of DPSD, CD and OSD, respectively. Although the construction cost of DPSD was significantly higher than in CD, the drying costs per one kilogram of bamboo shoots were by 42.8% lower in case of DPSD as compared to CD. Double-pass solar drier was found to be technically and economically suitable for drying of bamboo shoots under the specific conditions in central Vietnam and in all cases, the use of this drier led to considerable reduction in drying time in comparison to traditional open-sun drying. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic (Project No.MZe/B/8). 2011-10-06 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/x-pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2011072538416 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2011072538416 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 111, No 2 (2010); 119-127 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2011072538416/128

oai:jarts.info:article/2436 2018-06-15T12:19:45Z jarts:ART

Technical efficiency and production potential of selected cereal crops in Senegal Okuyama, Yodai Maruyama, Atsushi Takagaki, Michiko Kikuchi, Masao Agricultural economics production function, agricultural extension, data envelopment analysis (DEA), rice, West Africa This study focused on the production outcomes for five crops cultivated in Senegal: upland rice, lowland rice, groundnut, maize, and pearl millet. Technical efficiency (TE) of the production of each crop was estimated using data envelopment analysis, and the determinants of TEs were assessed using generalised linear regression analyses. Data were collected in face-to-face interviews with 66 farmers in the Kaolack region of Central Senegal during November 2011–February 2012. Average TEs for upland rice, lowland rice, groundnut, maize, and pearl millet were estimated as 0.76, 0.88, 0.89, 0.94, and 0.90, respectively. The identified factors that had a positive impact on TE were years of cultivation experience, amount of nitrogen fertiliser applied, and participation in a farmers’ association. Weeding hours, seeding rate, size of the cultivated area, and delays in sowing time were negatively associated with TE. The factors that significantly affected TE differed among the crops. Optimising these factors could enable potential yield increase of upland rice, lowland rice, groundnut, maize, and pearl millet by 24, 12, 11, 6, and 10 %, respectively. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2017-08-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017062752900 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2017062752900 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 118, No 2 (2017); 187-197 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017062752900/914 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/6200 2026-01-12T14:09:21Z jarts:ART

Does guava (Psidium guajava L.) adoption enhance food security and dietary diversity? A neglected fruit crop from northern Ethiopia Kahsay, Shishay Hadush, Muuz Hailu, Alem Tefera, Ali Gebrehiwot, Kidanemariam Agricultultural economics; Food Science; Crop Science Endogenous switching regression, Impact evaluation, Transitional heterogeneity effect This paper aimed to examine the impact of guava adoption on food security and dietary diversity of farm households in northern Ethiopia. This study used 384 sample households, of which 184 and 200 were adopters and non-adopters, respectively. We used an endogenous switching regression model (ESR) in the impact evaluation. From the first stage (selection) of model result, factors such as age of household head, farm size, livestock ownership, access to markets, access to irrigation, household income, and access to extension services significantly influences the likelihood of guava adoption. The result of the second stage of the endogenous switching regression model shows that adoption of guava has significantly enhanced household’s food security (calorie intake) and dietary diversity score, by 2.15% and 37.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the positive sign of transitional heterogeneity effect highlights guava adopters had significantly greater food security status and dietary diversity score. Therefore, this study recommends that the regional government of Tigray should give particular attention to resource-poor farmers by strengthening institutional services, thereby fostering guava adoption as a strategic intervention to address food insecurity. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2025-12-17 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/kobra-2025112411677 10.17170/kobra-2025112411677 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 126, No 2 (2025); 255-261 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/kobra-2025112411677/1169 http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/downloadSuppFile/kobra-2025112411677/3046 Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/4333 2021-06-29T11:30:55Z jarts:ART

Incorporation of dried goat rumen contents in layer diets improves egg yolk colour and acceptability of eggs Mwesigwa, Robert Migwi, Perminus Karubiu King’ori, Anthony Macharia Onjoro, Paul Anthans Mwesigwa, Moses Lumu, Richard Consumer preference, Digestibility, Egg production, Feed conversion ratio, Growth The use of dried goat rumen content (DGRC) as a partial replacement for fish meal in layer diets was investigated. A total of 90 HN Brown Nick layer chickens were offered diets in which DGRC were incorporated at 0, 5 and 10% levels. Iso-caloric and nitrogenous diets were formulated to meet the recommended nutritional requirements for laying hens. Experimental birds were assigned to 9 cages (10 birds/cage) and experimental diets offered in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Data was collected on egg production and sensory characteristics of the eggs, and a partial budget analysis was undertaken. Diet significantly (P0.05) affected average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). There was an increase in ADFI and FCR with increasing levels of DGRC in the diets. The results showed that, though there was a gradual decrease in laying percentage with increase of DGRC in the diets, laying percentage did not differ in layers fed on 0 and 5% DGRC diets (P0.05). Eggs from layers offered 10% DGRC were more acceptable than those of layers fed on 0 and 5% diets. A significant effect (P0.05) of treatments on yolk colour was observed. Eggs from 10% DGRC diets had more deep yellow yolks than eggs from 0 and 5% diets. It was concluded that use of DGRC in layer diets improved yolk colour, acceptability of the eggs and marginal rate of return (MRR). German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) Centre of Excellency for Sustainable Agriculture and Agribusiness Management (CESAAM), Egerton University 2021-06-07 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202105253966 10.17170/kobra-202105253966 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 122, No 1 (2021); 127-135 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202105253966/1036 Copyright (c) 2021 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/103 2010-05-13T20:36:58Z jarts:ART

Estimation of Erosion Danger Lands of the Reclamation Fund in Georgia Gogichaishvili, G. P. Urushadze, T. T. Soil Science; Agronomy and Crop Science Georgia; erosion danger; lands of Georgia; erosion forecast; USLE Erosion danger of lands of the reclamation fund in Georgia was studied by means of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) (Wischmeier and Smith, 1978), which was modified in the Problem Lab of Soil Erosion and River Bed Processes of Moscow State University (Anonymous, 1982). By the investigation was established that average annual potential soil loss, which was counted by means of USLE, is 10,5 % less than real loss of soil. If for the calculation of the potential soil loss we use only rains which provoke soil erosion, the difference between real and counted soil losses is only 1.77 % i.e. exactness of soil erosion forecast increases 5-6 times. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2006-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/103 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-103 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 107, No 1 (2006); 85-94 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/103/94 http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/downloadSuppFile/103/8

oai:jarts.info:article/5575 2025-01-15T11:38:46Z jarts:ART

Effects of livelihood diversification on poverty status of rural farming households of Kwara State, Nigeria Ojo, Olanike Alaba Olarinoye, Elizabeth Bukola Ojo, Michael Akindele Agricultural Economics; Rural development Farmers, Deprivation, Income, Livelihood sources Over-dependence on agriculture has failed to provide adequate and sustainable livelihoods for rural households. This study assessed the impact of livelihood diversification on the poverty status of rural farming households in Kwara State, Nigeria. Cross-sectional data were collected from 152 farming households over a period of one year using well-structured questionnaires and interview schedules. Descriptive statistics, Shannon diversity index, Foster, Greer and Thorbecke poverty index, fractional logit and probit regression models were used for analysis. Findings revealed that agriculture-related livelihood activities were still the main livelihood strategy in the area. Although farmers in the study area have a wide variety of livelihood options, the different activities carried out by rural households were very similar such as crop farming, fish farming and palm wine tapping which ranked 1st, 2nd and 3rd, respectively. The main determinants of livelihood diversification were age, gender, household size and farming experience. The main determinants of household poverty were access to credit, gender, age and cooperative membership. The main constraints identified were insufficient funds (own capital) for investment, high transport costs, lack of training to acquire skills, and insufficient credit facilities. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the government should organise training courses on asset accumulation for households through extension services. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2024-10-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2024093010894 10.17170/kobra-2024093010894 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 125, No 2 (2024); 185-195 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2024093010894/1132 Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/66 2016-04-06T08:36:56Z jarts:ART

A Survey of Myanmar Rice Production and Constraints Naing, T. A. A. Kingsbury, A. J. Buerkert, Andreas Finckh, Maria R. Agronomy and Crop Science Myanmar; Burma; rice diseases Although modern high yielding varieties were introduced into Myanmar in the early 1980s, the national average of rice grain yield has stagnated at 3.2-3.4 t ha-1. To identify yield constraints, input intensities and the general practices of rice cultivation in Myanmar, a survey was conducted during the wet seasons of 2001 and 2002. A total of 98 farmers from five townships in Upper Myanmar and 16 in Lower Myanmar representing the most important areas of rice production were questioned on their management practices, yields, and perceived yield constraints over the previous four years. There was a recent decrease in the overall average rate of fertilizer application, an increase in the prevalence of rice-legume cropping systems, and only localized insect pest or disease problems. Additionally, rice yields were found to be higher in Upper Myanmar, likely the results of more suitable weather conditions, better irrigation, and ready market access. Furthermore, a number of critical factors affecting production are identified and possible solutions discussed. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2008-11-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/66 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 109, No 2 (2008); 151-168 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/66/60

oai:jarts.info:article/3715 2020-07-08T15:19:55Z jarts:ART

The diversity and contribution of indigenous edible fruit plants to the rural community in the Gayo Highlands, Indonesia Navia, Zidni Ilman Suwardi, Adi Bejo Harmawan, Tisna Syamsuardi, Syamsuardi Mukhtar, Erizal Biology Botanical inventory, economics, ethnobotany, traditional knowledge, Sumatra The Gayo Highlands offer different indigenous edible fruit species (IEFs) used by the rural community, essentially to provide products such as fruits, oil, medicine, nuts, and fodder. In recent times, these IEFs are being threatened by over-exploitation and biodiversity loss. This study, therefore, aimed to explore the diversity of IEFs and evaluate its contribution to the enhancement of the rural community income in the Gayo Highlands region. The plant materials were randomly collected from nine villages in three districts, while local knowledge was valued through a survey and in-depth interviews. Data were collected by surveying 225 people, 25 from each of the nine study areas,. A total of 38 species of fruits belonging to 19 families were found with the most utilised including Artocarpus integer, Baccaurea motleyana, Diospyros kaki, Durio zibethinus, Garcinia mangostana, Lansium parasiticum, Mangifera foetida, Mangifera odorata, Passiflora foetida, Syzygium aqueum, Syzygium attenuatum, Syzygium cumini, and Syzygium malaccense. These fruits made up the main source of food and income and were harvested by approximately 86 % of the respondents. Moreover, the sale of IEFs contributed to approximately 43 % of the total yearly household income. These findings confirmed the prior assumption that IEFs are of significant importance to the rural economy as a food and through income generation. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2020-05-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202004061145 10.17170/kobra-202004061145 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 121, No 1 (2020); 89-98 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202004061145/1000 Copyright (c) 2020 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/1921 2016-06-10T14:36:12Z jarts:ART

Identifying the factors governing attitude towards the e-Agriservice among dairy farmers in Maharashtra, India Wadkar, Sagar Kisan Singh, Khajan Mohammad, Asif Malhotra, Ravinder Kale, Rajiv Baliram Social Science (Agricultural Extension Education) attitude scale, aAQUA e-Agriservice, Likert’s scaling technique, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Information and communication technology (ICT) projects have a great potential to revolutionise the information delivery system by bridging the gap between farmers and extension personnel. aAQUA (Almost All Questions Answered) portal was launched by the Developmental Informatics Laboratory (DIL) at Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mumbai, Maharashtra, India in 2003 as an information providing system to deliver technology options and tailored information for the problems and queries raised by Indian dairy farmers. To measure the effectiveness of this service the attitudinal dimensions of the users of aAQUA e-Agriservice were investigated using a 22 item scale. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 120 dairy farmers from which data were collected and subjected to factor analysis to identify the underlying constructs in this research. From the attitude items, four components were extracted and named as the pessimistic, utility, technical and efficacy perspective, which influenced the development of varied level of attitudinal inclination towards the e-Agriservice. These components explained 64.40 per cent of variation in the attitude of the users towards the aAQUA e-Agriservice. This study provides a framework for technically efficient service provision that might help to reduce the pessimistic attitude of target population to adopt e-Agriservice in their farming system. The results should also be helpful for researchers, academics, ICT based service providers and policy makers to consider these perspectives while planning and implementing ICT projects. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) University Grant Commission (UGC) 2016-01-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2015111749373 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2015111749373 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 117, No 1 (2016); 1-10 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2015111749373/858

oai:jarts.info:article/5251 2023-11-02T13:28:12Z jarts:ART

Economic evaluation of biological nitrogen fixation in flooded rice cultivation in subtropical lowlands Wander, Alcido Elenor Mattos, Maria Laura Turino Agricultural economics; Agronomy and Crop Science Partial budget, Nitrogen, Diazotrophic bacteria, Inoculant, Irrigated rice This study aimed to assess the economic viability of biological nitrogen fixation in flood rice cultivation in subtropical lowlands. A field experiment of seven treatments was carried out during the cropping seasons 2015/16, 2017/18, 2018/19 and 2019/20 at the Lowland Experimental Station of Embrapa, in Pelotas, RS, Brazil. The evaluated treatments were: (1) negative control (without N and inoculant); (2) positive control with recommended N-fertilization (120 kg N ha-1, without inoculant) (standard recommendation); (3) inoculant 1 (accessions CMM 174 + CMM 175 + CMM 179); (4) inoculant 2 (accessions CMM 176 + CMM 197 + CMM 205); (5) combination of reduced N-fertilizer doses (90 kg N ha-1) + inoculant 1; (6) combination of reduced N-fertilizer doses (90 kg N ha-1) + inoculant 2; and (7) commercial inoculant [Azospirillum brasilense (strains Ab-V5 and Ab-V6)]. A partial budget was used to compare evaluated treatments with the standard recommendation regarding nitrogen fertilisation. Inoculant 2 composed of bacterial accessions CMM 176 (Rhizobium sp.), CMM 197 (Bacillus sp.) and CMM 205 (Aeromicrobium sp.) combined with reduced mineral nitrogen fertilisation [90 kg N ha-1 (applied in top dressing)] demonstrates the best agroeconomic efficiency in the production of irrigated rice in subtropical lowlands with the cultivar BRS Pampa. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) 2023-06-13 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202306128202 10.17170/kobra-202306128202 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 124, No 1 (2023); 57-63 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202306128202/1089 Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/32 2016-04-04T15:29:38Z jarts:ART

Influencing Factors of Infestation of Endo and Ectoparasites on Hair Sheep in Tropical Ecuador Suárez, Victor Tawfik, Ezzat S. Animal husbandry endoparasites; ectoparasites; hair sheep; rotational grazing; season; farming system; prophylactic measures; Ecuador 120 hair sheep were tested for faecal, skin and blood parasites. After three parasitological studies in humid Sucumbíos, it was proved that the parasitic charge is influenced by different factors. In the case of air temperature and humidity there was no variation detected between the seasons, although the parasitical charge rose in the course of this study. With regard to parasitic charge some systematic differences were found between the farming systems. Prophylactic measures such as rotational grazing, guarantee the food alternatives in the case of grass shortage, the strategic treatment with de-wormers and removal of excrement and garbage were recommended. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2003-11-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/32 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 104, No 2 (2003); 167-172 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/32/29

oai:jarts.info:article/4727 2022-10-04T13:14:29Z jarts:ART

Mechanisms and consequences of benefit sharing from oil palm agribusiness plantations establishment in South Comoé Region, Côte d’Ivoire Effossou, Kablan Antoine Azong Cho, Moses Ramoelo, Abel Azong Cho, Matilda Environmental management Agribusiness, Access and benefit sharing, Land tension One of the main difficulties facing agribusiness development in Cote d’Ivoire, is the issue of benefit sharing. Although communal land is expected to be equitably beneficial to all who have a stake on the land, unclear benefit sharing principles and modalities affect the implementation of benefit sharing to the disadvantage of the rural communities. Using a qualitative research approach, the study investigates if the benefit sharing approach practiced by oil palm plantations investors in South Comoé align with globally established standards of access and benefit sharing (ABS). To this end data for the study was collected from 50 participants: rural community members (N=36), agribusiness developers (N=6) and local government authorities (N=8). The results revealed inequality in the land acquisition and benefit sharing negotiation process in favour of local elites. Lack of fairness experienced in the benefit sharing approach in the districts of Aboisso, Bonoua and Adiaké was attributed to the lack of institutional, policy and legal frameworks to guide a fair benefit sharing. Inequality in benefit sharing scheme affects the working relationship between the parties thus generating tensions with consequences on the stability of commercial farming. The study contributes to the debate on the marginalisation of smallholders in the distribution of benefits from agribusiness investments. Therefore, the designing of policies and practical measures that bring together rural communities and agribusiness developers to negotiate fair benefit sharing terms in line with international standards including honesty, inclusive participation of rural community in land acquisition process are recommended. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2022-03-07 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202201195573 10.17170/kobra-202201195573 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 123, No 1 (2022); 63-73 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202201195573/1060 http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/downloadSuppFile/202201195573/2312 Copyright (c) 2022 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/186 2013-04-16T21:33:58Z jarts:ART

Assessment of the strategies of organic fruit production and fruit drying in Uganda Chongtham, Iman Raj Neergaard, Andreas de Pillot, Didier Agricultultural economics; conventional agriculture; decision; dried fruits; export; household; organic agriculture; coffee husk Organic agriculture in Uganda is developing at a fast pace and despite this trend Uganda is still unable to produce enough fresh and dry organic fruits mainly pineapple to meet the exporters demand. This current research investigated the strategies of farmers at production level by assessing the pros and cons of fruit growing, organic agriculture and fruit drying in order to understand the underlying causal factor for the low production of organic dry fruits in a major fruit producing district of Uganda.The study was carried out in two separate and distinctive areas; one which only produces and export fresh organic pineapple and the other which exports dried fruits (mainly pineapple and papaya). About 10% of the farmers in the two study areas were surveyed using questionnaires which were further followed by semi-structured interviews and participatory rural appraisals activities with various types of farmers in order to understand the different decisions and strategies of farmers.82% and 74% of farmers in the two study areas grew fruits as it gave better economic returns and for 77% and 90% respectively in the two study areas, the reasons for growing fruit was the ease of selling compared to other crops. All the farmers were relying on coffee husk for growing organic pineapples. However, 50% of the farmers want to grow pineapples (either organic or conventional) but couldn't afford to buy coffee husk. Fruit drying was mainly a strategy to utilize cheap fruits during harvesting seasons for value addition. 71% and 42% of farmers in the two study areas wanted to dry fruits but it was beyond their economic capacity to buy the driers.Decision of the farmers whether to grow fruits or cereals, organic or conventional agriculture and selling the fruits as fresh or dry were dependent mainly on the economic, knowledge and resource availability of each type of practices. It is concluded that the main barrier for an increase in the production of organic dried fruits is at the processing level, and the limited capacity for investments in drying facilities. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2010-09-07 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/x-pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2010082734328 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2010082734328 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 111, No 1 (2010); 23-34 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2010082734328/120

oai:jarts.info:article/2415 2017-06-21T12:21:38Z jarts:ART

Effects of exogenous cellulase and xylanase enzyme preparations on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, growth, and economics of rearing Mongolian lambs Togtokhbayar, Norovsambuu Urankhaich, Chuluunbaatar Ayushjav, Otgonjargal Tsevegmed, Munkhnasan Odongo, Nicholas E. Animal husbandry feed intake, nutrient digestibility, exogenous enzyme preparations, average daily gain, Mongolian lambs In a completely randomised design, twenty four 12-months old Mongolian breed male lambs averaging 21.6 ± 0.48 kg of body weight (BW) were used to evaluate the effects of exogenous cellulase and xylanase enzyme preparations on feed intake, digestibility of nutrients, growth and economics of rearing lambs. The lambs were randomly assigned to six treatment groups with four animals per treatment. The treatment combinations comprised: i) two enzyme preparations, i.e. cellulase vs. xylanase (ENZc, ENZx), ii) two ration types, i.e. wheat straw + wheat bran (diet W) vs. barley straw + wheat bran (diet B) and iii) two control diets (diet W and diet B without enzyme preparations, –ENZ). Lambs were fed the cellulase and xylanase treated wheat and barley straws ad libitum whereas the wheat bran was offered at 400 g DM per day. Significant effects were observed for nutrient intake of diet B+ENZc, and for crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility of diet W+ENZc. The average daily gain (ADG) increased in all enzyme treated groups with highest values found in diet B+ENZc, but without significant differences found between the two enzyme preparations. Both enzyme preparations had positive effects on feed conversion ratio (FCR) of both diets, where by the highest values were found for diet B +ENZc. Enzyme preparation had no effect on the total feed cost for both diet types and showed positive effects on other economic parameters, where by cellulase yielded better results than xylanase. These results suggest that cellulase addition is effective for improving digestibility of nutrients, growth performance and net revenue ingrowing lambs. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) IAEA Coordinated Research Project D3.10.27 2017-03-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017010351864 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2017010351864 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 118, No 1 (2017); 81-89 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017010351864/903 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/5829 2026-01-12T14:09:21Z jarts:ART

Husbandry practices among peri-urban free-roaming pigs in Gert Sibande District Municipality, Mpumalanga, South Africa Makungo, Priscilla Fasina, Folorunso Oludayo Mbajiorgu, Christian Anayochukwu Oguttu, James Wabwire Constraints, Pig production systems, Scavenging pigs, South Africa, Zoonosis Interactions at the human-animal-environment interface have increased significantly as a result of globalisation, increased urbanisation, environmental degradation and the growing need for animal-based foods, leading to the growth of peri-urban agriculture. We investigated peri-urban free-roaming pig (FRP) production husbandry practices to identify production constraints in a district municipality in South Africa. Pig farmers (n=124) were identified using snowball technique and interviewed. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS V28.0. Most of the FRP farmers were men (70.2%), aged ≥ 36 years (80.7%), and individuals with ≤ high school education (84.6%). The majority (75.8%) did not have a weaning protocol, and a large proportion (93.5%) conducted peri-urban FRP without permission from the local authority and were not registered for animal identification (72.6%). Over 94.4% of the farms didn’t employ routine disinfection and were unaware of transboundary animal diseases and zoonosis (87.1%). Most pigs in the study area (72.5%) were exotic breeds, or their crosses and most sows (51.6%) farrowed 6-10 piglets per litter. Exotic breeds or their crosses weaned larger litters (11) compared to indigenous breeds. Pigs scavenging in residential areas had a significantly higher risk of theft and accidents. The widespread poor husbandry practices among FRP farmers provides an opportunity to develop tailored risk communication and community engagement materials for farmers and communities. Municipalities should adopt a fit-for-purpose peri-urban livestock policy, with clear incentives and penalties to promote animal identification and good practices. Given the potential for pigs to spread disease to humans, good practices will reduce the risk of humans contracting diseases from animal-derived food. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2025-09-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/kobra-2025081111368 10.17170/kobra-2025081111368 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 126, No 2 (2025); 171-179 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/kobra-2025081111368/1160 Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/4133 2021-06-29T11:30:55Z jarts:ART

Factors for the success of agricultural cooperatives in Brazil Oliveira Junior, Osmar de Paula Wander, Alcido Elenor Agricultural economics Cooperatives, Competitiveness, Agribusiness, Management The Brazilian cooperative agribusiness is in a transitional phase. This moment is marked by the advancement of market globalisation, which has exerted great competitive pressure on national agribusiness. To survive and thrive in a globalised and fiercely competitive environment, cooperatives must face new challenges in the pursuit of competitiveness. This study aimed to identify and describe the main success or failure factors affecting agricultural cooperatives. To this end, bibliographic research was used as a research method, and 108 relevant works from the national and international literature were selected for analysis. The results pointed to the existence of 10 main success factors for agro-industrial cooperatives: conciliation of the dual agenda: social and economic goals; professionalisation of management; meeting the interests of multiple stakeholders; transaction cost management; risk and volatility management; improved commercialisation; competitiveness against traditional companies; technology adoption; sustainable development; and social responsibility. However, there is a gap regarding the existence of studies analysing, in an integrated manner, the prevalence and benefits of the success factors identified for agricultural cooperatives, especially those based in Brazil. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) State Research Funding Agency of Goias (FAPEG) 2021-02-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202102113202 10.17170/kobra-202102113202 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 122, No 1 (2021); 27-42 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202102113202/1027 Copyright (c) 2021 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/93 2016-04-06T08:14:23Z jarts:ART

Effect of Irrigation Regime on Growth and Development of Two Wheat Cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Nigerian Savanna Onyibe, J. E. Agronomy and Crop Science irrigation regime; wheat growth; wheat yield; available soil moisture; Pavon 76; Siete cerros; Nigeria; savanna Field trials were conducted at irrigation research stations of the Institute for Agricultural Research, Kadawa (11° 39’N, 08° 27’E, 500m asl). The objective was to study the effect of irrigation regime (60, 75 and 90% Available Soil Moisture (ASM) on the growth and yield of two recently introduced wheat cultivars (Siete cerros and Pavon 76). The result revealed that increase of irrigation regime from 60 to 90% ASM did not significantly affect most of the growth, yield and yield parameters evaluated in the study. Each increase in irrigation regime however increased days to maturity, water use and thermal time but decreased water use efficiency. Pavon 76 produced superior grain yield than Siete ceros only in one season. Pavon 76 had a higher LAI, more tillers and spikes/m2 and larger grain size, but had shorter plants, lower grain weight and grain number/spike and matured earlier than Siete cerros. Irrigation level of 60% ASM is recommended for both varieties in the Sudan savanna ecology. At this ASM the highest water use efficiency of 4.0-4.8kg/mm/ha was obtained and grain yield was not significantly compromised. Grain yield was more strongly correlated with grain weight per spike than with grain number per spike. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2005-11-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/93 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 106, No 2 (2005); 177-192 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/93/86

oai:jarts.info:article/5603 2025-03-26T14:30:34Z jarts:ART

Sustainable management practices and soil quality in strawberry cultivation in Norte de Santander, Colombia Gonzalez-Pedraza, Ana Francisca González Sarmiento, Elizabeth Castellanos González, Leónides Agroecology, Natural resource management Good agricultural practices, Soil health, Rural areas In Pamplona, Norte de Santander, strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) producers face a dual challenge: ensuring the safety of their products and conserving natural resources. Nine farms belonging to the Association of Rural Women (ASMUR) were assessed, representing approximately 20% of the total affiliated production units within the association. The level of implementation of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) was analysed in accordance with the 2020 Resolution of the Colombian Agricultural Institute (ICA), alongside sustainable soil management as per the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines on good practices for the management and sustainable use of soils in rural areas. Field tests and laboratory analyses were carried out to evaluate soil quality. The results revealed that none of the farms meet the requirements for GAP certification, with notable limitations in infrastructure, training, personnel protection, and traceability. On the other hand, the soils exhibited high organic matter content, acidic pH, and low biological activity. To overcome these limitations and achieve GAP certification, it is crucial to develop a specific action plan, provide advisory and training in GAP and sustainable soil management, make investments in key infrastructure, implement soil monitoring, adjust pH with amendments, encourage agroecological practices, promote the use of bio-inputs, and establish partnerships with entities for access to resources and technical-financial support. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2024-07-04 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202403129760 10.17170/kobra-202403129760 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 125, No 1 (2024); 103-113 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202403129760/1116 Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/57 2016-04-06T08:03:03Z jarts:ART

Crop Performance and Yield of Groundnut, Sesame and Roselle in an Agroforesty Cropping System with Acacia senegal in North Kordofan (Sudan) Fadl, Kamal E. M. Gebauer, Jens Agronomy and Crop Science Arachis hypogea; Hashab; Hibiscus sabdariffa; parkland cropping; Sesamum indicum; soil conservation; Sudan; yield reduction Crop performance and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogea), sesame (Sesamum indicum) and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) were investigated in an intercropping system with Acacia senegal and compared with sole cropping. The study was conducted in North Kordofan (Sudan) on loamy sand. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with split plots.Crop performance and crop yield of groundnut, sesame and roselle were significantly (p 0.05) reduced in the intercropping system compared to sole cropping. However, yield reduction in groundnut (53%) was much higher than in sesame (6%) and roselle (14%). The reduction in yield of the intercropping plots could be due to the high tree density, which results in water and light competition between the trees and the agricultural crops. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2004-11-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/57 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 105, No 2 (2004); 149-154 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/57/51

oai:jarts.info:article/776 2015-11-25T15:46:39Z jarts:ART

Effect of planting methods and cyanobacterial inoculants on yield, water productivity and economics of rice cultivation Shahane, Amit A. Singh, Yudh Vir Kumar, Dinesh Prasanna, Radha Chakraborty, Debashish Agronomy, Soil microbiology, Water managment, economics conventional transplanting, system of rice intensification (SRI), water productivity, economics of rice; biofilm bio-fertiliser; plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) The impact of two crop planting methods and of the application of cyanobacterial inoculants on plant growth, yield, water productivity and economics of rice cultivation was evaluated with the help of a split plot designed experiment during the rainy season of 2011 in New Delhi, India. Conventional transplanting and system of rice intensification (SRI) were tested as two different planting methods and seven treatments that considered cyanobacterial inoculants and compost were applied with three repetitions each. Results revealed no significant differences in plant performance and crop yield between both planting methods. However, the application of biofilm based BGA bio-fertiliser + 2/3 N had an overall positive impact on both, plant performance (plant height, number of tillers) and crop yield (number and weight of panicles) as well as on grain and straw yield. Higher net return and a higher benefit-cost ratio were observed in rice fields under SRI planting method, whereas the application of BGA + PGPR + 2/3 N resulted in highest values. Total water productivity and irrigation water productivity was significantly higher under SRI practices (5.95 and 3.67 kg ha^(-1) mm^(-1)) compared to practices of conventional transplanting (3.36 and 2.44), meaning that using SRI method, water saving of about 34 % could be achieved and significantly less water was required to produce one kg of rice. This study could show that a combination of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in conjunction with BGA and 2/3 dose of mineral N fertiliser can support crop growth performance, crop yields and reduces overall production cost, wherefore this practices should be used in the integrated nutrient management of rice fields in India. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi -110012, INDIA 2015-09-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2015061048464 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2015061048464 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 116, No 2 (2015); 107-121 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2015061048464/845

oai:jarts.info:article/23 2016-04-04T15:25:40Z jarts:ART

Nutrient Composition of some Tropical Legumes Capable of Substituting Fish Meal in Fish Diets Ogunji, Johnny O. Wirth, Manfred Osuigwe, Donald I. Aquaculture and fishery sciences Swordbean; Canavalia gladiata; Jackbean; Canavalia enciformis; Mucunabean; Mucuna pruriens; Bambara; Voandzeia subterranea; Limabean; Phaseolus lunatus; fish diet Sword beans (Canavalia gladiata); Jackbean (Canavalia enciformis (L)); Mucuna bean (Mucuna pruriens); Mucuna cochiunensis; Bambara (Voandzeia subterranea) and Limabean (Phaseolus lunatus) are the tropical legumes considered in this paper. They have been used in the feed of ruminants but very scarcely considered in fish feed. Information about their nutrient composition are also scarce. Results from this study show that the protein contents of the test seeds ranged from 19.94% dry matter (DM), (Bambara) to 36.95% DM (Mucuna cochiunensis). Considering the high protein level required by fish for maximum growth and the presence of some ANFs, the seeds may not be able to be used in isolation without supplementing them with other food stuffs having higher protein value. The relatively high content of Nitrogen Free Extract (+ fibre) seem to suggest that the test seeds can be used in a semi-intensive setting to supply carbohydrate in fish diets. The seeds contain considerable amount of linoleic acid (18:2 n-6). The highest occurring in Lima beans. Sword beans and Jack beans are rich in oleic acid (18:1n-9). Palmatic acid (16:0) is high, while stearic acid (18:0) and myristic acid (14:0) are low. The amino acid compositions of the test seeds are not very adequate. Sword beans had a better amino acid profile though it seems deficient in some of the amino acids. The amino acid contents of Jack bean, Mucuna bean, Bambara and Lima bean look inadequate to provide a possible alternative to fish meal on individual basis. If to be used in fish feed formulation, combinating them with other protein sources, possessing higher contents of the limiting amino acids is strongly suggested. The potentials of these seeds in fish feed formulation seem high. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2003-11-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/23 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 104, No 2 (2003); 143-149 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/23/20

oai:jarts.info:article/3940 2020-07-08T15:19:55Z jarts:ART

Influence of stage of ripening and dietary concentration of Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) powder on broiler performance Lal, Priya Pritika Diarra, Siaka Seriba Amosa, Falaniko Devi, Ashika Animal Husbandry chemical feed additives, nutrient utilisation, phyto additives, poultry, stage of maturity Phyto-additives in poultry diets enhance growth, feed eciency and product quality and minimise the possible risk of residues from chemical additives. There are reports on the use of noni (Morinda citrifolia) fruit powder as phytoadditive in poultry diets but information on the eect of fruit ripening is scanty. Hence, this study compared the eect of unripe and ripe noni fruit owder on broiler performance. A control diet without and 4 diets containing two levels (0.25 and 0.5 %) unripe and ripe fruit powder were fed to 5 replicates containing 6 Cobb500— broilers in a completely randomized design. Data collection was on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass and organ measurements. In the starter (8–21 d), feed intake (FI) reduced on 0.5% unripe powder (p 0:05) but did not dier between the control and 0.25% ripe powder (p 0:05). Nitrogen retention reduced on 0.25% unripe powder compared to the control and the ripe powder (p 0:05). Poorer dressing percentage was observed on 0.5%ripe powder (p 0:05). Breast weight was increased and thigh weight reduced on 0.25% ripe and 0.5% unripe powder (p 0:05). In conclusion, up to 0.5% noni, fruit powder has no beneficial eect on broiler growth, but the stage of ripening may influences protein digestibility and dressing percentage. We recommend more research into feed processing and diet composition. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) The University of the South Pacific 2020-04-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202004061142 10.17170/kobra-202004061142 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 121, No 1 (2020); 57-62 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202004061142/996 Copyright (c) 2020 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/633 2018-06-20T09:12:50Z jarts:ART

Biochar improves fertility of a clay soil in the Brazilian Savannah: short term effects and impact on rice yield de Melo Carvalho, Marcia Thais Madari, Beáta Emoke Bastiaans, Lammert van Oort, Pepijn Adrianus Johannes Heinemann, Alexandre Bryan da Silva, Mellissa Ananias Soler Maia, Aline de Holanda Nunes Meinke, Holger Agronoomy and Crop Science; Resource use efficiency aerobic system; carbonised biomass; Ferralsol; nitrogen; Oryza sativa; Oxisol The objective of this study was to report single season effects of wood biochar (char) application coupled with N fertilization on soil chemical properties, aerobic rice growth and grain yield in a clayey Rhodic Ferralsol in the Brazilian Savannah. Char application effected an increase in soil pH, K, Ca, Mg, CEC, Mn and nitrate while decreasing Al content and potential acidity of soils. No distinct effect of char application on grain yield of aerobic rice was observed. We believe that soil properties impacted by char application were inconsequential for rice yields because neither water, low pH, nor the availability of K or P were limiting factors for rice production. Rate of char above 16 Mg ha^(−1) reduced leaf area index and total shoot dry matter by 72 days after sowing. The number of panicles infected by rice blast decreased with increasing char rate. Increased dry matter beyond the remobilization capacity of the crop, and high number of panicles infected by rice blast were the likely cause of the lower grain yield observed when more than 60 kg N ha^(−1) was applied. The optimal rate of N was 46 kg ha^(−1) and resulted in a rice grain yield above 3 Mg ha^(−1). German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) Embrapa 2014-01-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2013081343330 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2013081343330 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 114, No 2 (2013); 101-107 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2013081343330/797

oai:jarts.info:article/354 2018-06-20T09:17:29Z jarts:ART

Is export orientation a major motivator for the adoption of food safety systems in the Turkish dried fig firms? Cobanoglu, Ferit Agricultultural economics adoption drivers; aflatoxin control; dried fig firms; export inclination; food safety Food safety management systems (FSMSs) and the scrutinisation of the food safety practices that are intended for adoption on the firm level both offer strategic value to the dried fig sector. This study aims to prove the hypothesis that export orientation is a major motivating force for the adoption of food safety systems in the Turkish dried fig firms. Data were obtained from 91 dried fig firms located in Aydin, Turkey. Interviews were carried out with firms’ managers/owners using a face-to-face questionnaire designed from May to August of 2010. While 36.3 percent of the interviewed firms had adopted one or more systems, the rest had no certification. A binomial logistic econometric model was employed. The parameters that influenced this decision included contractual agreements with other firms, implementation of good practices by the dried fig farmers, export orientation and cost-benefit ratio. Interestingly, the rest of the indicators employed had no statistically significant effect on adoption behaviour. This paper focusses on the export orientation parameter directly in order to test the validity of the main research hypothesis. The estimated marginal effect suggests that when dried fig firms are export-oriented, the probability that these firms will adopt food safety systems goes up by 39.5 percent. This rate was the first range observed among all the marginal probability values obtained and thus verified the hypothesis that export orientation is a major motivator for the adoption of food safety systems in the Turkish dried fig firms. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) Adnan Menderes University 2012-09-19 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012061541329 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2012061541329 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 113, No 1 (2012); 31-42 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012061541329/174

oai:jarts.info:article/3257 2019-01-16T09:29:19Z jarts:ART

In the search for low-cost year-round feeds: Pen-level growth performance of local and crossbred Ugandan pigs fed forage- or silage-based diets versus commercial diet Carter, Natalie Ann Dewey, Catherine Elizabeth Grace, Delia Lukuyu, Ben Smith, Eliza de Lange, Cornelis Animal nutrition average daily gain, East Africa, feed conversion, smallholder, swine Smallholder pig farmers in East Africa report that lack of feed, seasonal feed shortages, quality and cost are key constraints to pig rearing. Commercially prepared pig diets are too expensive and people and pigs compete for food. Smallholder farmers typically feed nutritionally unbalanced diets, resulting in low average daily gain (ADG) and poor farmer profits. Our objective was to compare the ADG of Ugandan pigs fed forage- or silage-based or commercial diets. Ugandan weaner-grower pigs were randomly assigned to forage- or silage-based diets or commercial diet. Pigs were weighed every 3 weeks from 9 to 32 weeks of age. Pen-level ADG and feed conversion were compared across diets using multiple linear regression. The ADG of pigs fed forage- or silage-based diets was lower than those fed commercial diets between 9 and 24 weeks of age (p  0.05). Between 28 and 32 weeks, pigs fed forage-based diets had lower ADG than those on other diets (p  0.05). Least squares mean ADG (g/pig/day) for pigs fed forage- or silage-based diets or commercial diet were 36, and 52, and 294 respectively at 9–15 weeks; 163, 212, 329 at 15–19 weeks; 112, 362, 574 at 20–24 weeks and 694, 994, and 1233 at 28 to 32 weeks of age. It was concluded that forage- and silage-based diets are unsuitable for small, newly weaned pigs. Feeding forage- or silage-based diets to finishing pigs is more suitable. Forage- and silage based diets are year-round low-cost pig-feeding strategies that will improve the growth performance of East African pigs, thereby increasing pig farmer income and food security. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) Smallholder Pig Value Chain Development Project Irish Aid Livestock and Fish by and for the Poor and A4NH CGIAR Research Program IFAD European Commission Ontario Agricultural College Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph Bioversity Int'l 2018-12-04 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2018112824 10.17170/kobra-2018112824 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 119, No 2 (2018); 23-29 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2018112824/946 Copyright (c) 2018 Author(s) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/3652 2020-12-28T07:40:01Z jarts:ART

Are there gender differences in access to and demand for East Coast fever vaccine? Empirical evidence from rural smallholder dairy farmers in Kenya Jumba, Humphrey Kiara, Henry Owuor, George Teufel, Nils Agricultultural economics Gender, East Coast fever, Infection and treatment method, Adoption, Awareness, Kenya Women lag in the adoption of agricultural innovations compared to men, mainly due to gender inequalities in access to complementary inputs, capital, and knowledge/information. The Infection-and-Treatment-Method (ITM) is considered a safe and effective method of controlling East Coast fever. However, since its commercialisation in Kenya differences in demand for this vaccine among smallholder men and women dairy cattle keepers have not been assessed. Using a sample of 448 respondents, we used an Average-Treatment-Effect framework to estimate ITM adoption rates under awareness constraints and the determinants of adoption among smallholder male-headed (MHHs) and female-headed (FHHs) households. We found some difference in ITM awareness between MHHs (57 per cent) and FHHs (46 per cent). However, gender adoption gaps in the actual and potential adoption rates were considerable, with actual adoption rates of 41 per cent and potential adoption rate of 62 per cent among MHHs, compared to 19 per cent actual and 31 per cent potential adoption for FHHs. The smaller adoption gap for FHHs indicates that only increasing awareness amongst FHHs will not reduce inequities. ITM adoption in both household headships was mainly determined by education, extension interventions, access to financial services, and social capital. In addition to this, ITM adoption in FHHs was positively influenced by age, land-size, and group membership. To realise adoption beyond the current potential and to reduce inequities at the scale-up stage, gender-specific interventions targeting resource-poor women cattle keepers would be effective, in addition to ensuring that women have access to extension and financial services. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) International Liestock Research Institute (ILRI) Egerton uinversity, Kenya 2020-11-03 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202010191970 10.17170/kobra-202010191970 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 121, No 2 (2020); 219-231 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202010191970/1017 Copyright (c) 2020 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/83 2016-04-06T08:09:04Z jarts:ART

Effect of different types and doses of nitrogen fertilizers on yield and quality characteristics of mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing) cultivated on wheat straw compost Demirer, Tuncay Röck-Okuyucu, Bärbel Özer, Irfan Agronomy and Crop Science Agaricus; mushroom; compost; N-fertilizers The most important prerequisite for a successful mushroom production is a high-quality compost substrate.F or the present study wheat straw was used as bulk ingredient for the compost substrate preparation. In order to improve the C/N ratio and to accelerate the composting process, all substrate formulas need the addition of nitrogen-rich supplements at the outset of composting. Besides organic nitrogen sources, inorganic nitrogen supplements are also applied, when high-carbohydrate bulk ingredients are used. In the present work four different nitrogen fertilizers (urea (46 % N), ammonium nitrate (33.5 % N), calcium ammonium nitrate (26 % N) and ammonium sulfate (21 % N)) in three doses were applied as nitrogen sources and the effect on yield and some quality characteristics (cap weight, stalk weight, cap diameter, stalk diameter and stalk length) was investigated. The fertilizer application had only an unimportant effect on the cape diameter, which is an important characteristic for the classification of mushrooms, but had a stronger effect on the stalk length, which is also important for the classification. The highest dose of calcium ammonium nitrate produced the significant highest yield at the same time this variant also resulted in good results regarding the investigated quality characteristics. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2005-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/83 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 106, No 1 (2005); 71-77 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/83/76

oai:jarts.info:article/2255 2018-06-20T09:05:16Z jarts:ART

Climate change adaptation strategies of maize producers of the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia Ahmed, Musa Hasen Agricultultural economics climate change, adaptation strategies, multivariate, maize, Ethiopia The impacts of climate change are considered to be strong in countries located in tropical Africa that depend on agriculture for their food, income and livelihood. Therefore, a better understanding of the local dimensions of adaptation strategies is essential to develop appropriate measures that will mitigate adverse consequences. Hence, this study was conducted to identify the most commonly used adaptation strategies that farm households practice among a set of options to withstand the effects of climate change and to identify factors that affect the choice of climate change adaptation strategies in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. To address this objective, Multivariate Probit model was used. The results of the model indicated that the likelihood of households to adapt improved varieties of crops, adjust planting date, crop diversification and soil conservation practices were 58.73%, 57.72%, 35.61% and 41.15%, respectively. The Simulated Maximum Likelihood estimation of the Multivariate Probit model results suggested that there was positive and significant interdependence between household decisions to adapt crop diversification and using improved varieties of crops; and between adjusting planting date and using improved varieties of crops. The results also showed that there was a negative and significant relationship between household decisions to adapt crop diversification and soil conservation practices. The paper also recommended household, socioeconomic, institutional and plot characteristics that facilitate and impede the probability of choosing those adaptation strategies. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2016-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016050350187 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2016050350187 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 117, No 1 (2016); 175-186 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016050350187/877 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/5528 2025-03-26T14:30:34Z jarts:ART

Performance of pacu (Colossoma macropomum) fed varying dietary inclusion levels of fish visceral and duckweed (Lemna minor) as replacement for fish and soybean meals Irabor, Arnold Ebuka Onwuka, Christopher Nnamdi Adagha, Oghenefejiro Sanubi, Jovita Oghenenyerhovwo Jn Pierre, Hardin Aaron Onwuka, Maureen Obieh, Simon Aquaculture Aquaculture, Fish feed, Fish nutrition, Juveniles The performance of Colossoma macropomum subjected to a six-month feeding trial using duckweed (Lemna minor) and fish visceral as partial replacements for soybean meal and fishmeal respectively was evaluated in this study. A total of one thousand five hundred (1500) nearly same sizes (average size 45 g) juveniles of C. macropomum were sourced from the nearby research man-made lake and subjected to proper acclimatisation for two weeks prior to the commencement of the feeding trial. One hundred (100) juveniles per experimental pond (EP) were stocked in triplicate with EPi-iii0% (control), EPi-iii25%, EPi-iii50%, EPi-iii75%, and EPi-iii100%. The formulated diets with varying dietary inclusion levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) of duckweed as a substitute for soybean meal, and at the same levels, fish visceral meal was used as a substitute for fishmeal. The formulated diets were fed to the experimental fishes on a twice-daily schedule (7 am and 5:30 pm). The control diet contained the conventional protein sources (fishmeal and soybean) while the other diets had fish visceral and duckweed as dietary replacements for fishmeal and soybean, respectively. A biweekly sampling of growth parameters such as body weight was carried out on twenty (20) randomly selected juveniles from each EP and data collected from the feeding trial was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) (SPSS version 26) while Duncan's multiple ranges test distinguished the means at p 0.05 significant level. The highest value for mean body weight gain at 6 months was observed at a 50% dietary inclusion level of the test ingredients (1411.7 g), while at a 100% inclusion level, the lowest value was recorded (1213.6 g). Water quality parameters sampled were within the acceptable standards indicating no adverse effect of the test ingredients on the culture medium. In general, no adverse effect was recorded across treatments. Conclusively, C. macropomum culture in Nigeria using the test diets at a 50% dietary inclusion level to replace the conventional protein sources is feasible and can help improve fish availability and sustainability through species diversification and reduced production cost since the test ingredients are obtained at minimal cost from fish traders (fish visceral) and fallow earthen ponds (duckweed). German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2024-02-23 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202312229279 10.17170/kobra-202312229279 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 125, No 1 (2024); 1-7 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202312229279/1103 Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/48 2016-04-06T07:58:19Z jarts:ART

Klasse, Land und Produktionsbeziehungen in Gunung Kidul- Ein Beitrag zur agrarischen Transformation des ländlichen Java Burkard, Günter Socio-Ecomics; Development social change, agrarian arrangements, welfare institutions, Central Java Research on agrarian transformations in rural Java has mainly focused on issues of technology, market penetration, institutional change and demographic pressure resulting in a rapid class polarisation and the dissolution of traditional welfare mechanisms. In examining rural change in the highland regions of Gunung Kidul, Central Java, this paper shows that processes of socio-economic change in Java are not at all uniform. Under certain circumstances, instead of being substituted, so-called “traditional” arrangements and practices are even newly created. Such arrangements can formally function as welfare institutions without being the outcome of welfare-oriented decisions and motivations. Before the 70ties, sharecropping-arrangements were confined to close kin and land rent systems had not been established in the area with farmers co-operating on the basis of “generalised reciprocity”. Instead of being institutional features since “time immemorial”, such organisational devices emerged as a response to changes in the labour market induced by high rates of out-migration. Despite significant disparities in land ownership, no exclusionary contractual arrangements exist.Rur al society did not split into two unequal parts of landowners and marginalised wage workers and patron-client-relationships are only weakly developed.In difference to the lowland areas, agrarian arrangements did not foster “class polarisation”, but on the contrary secured the continuity of an institutionally independent peasantry. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2004-05-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/48 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 105, No 1 (2004); 29-38 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/48/42

oai:jarts.info:article/1800 2015-06-02T15:42:53Z jarts:ART

Technical and scale efficiency of cassava production system in Delta State, Nigeria: an application of Two-Stage DEA approach Rahman, Sanzidur Awerije, Brodrick Ohiyancho Agricultural Economics pure technical efficiency; scale efficiency; Two-Stage DEA approach; cassava production and processing stages; Delta state; Nigeria The present study examines the level of pure technical and scale efficiencies of cassava production system including its sub-processes (that is production and processing stages) of 278 cassava farmers/processors from three regions of Delta State, Nigeria by applying Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach. Results reveal that pure technical efficiency (PTE) is significantly lower at the production stage 0.41 vs 0.55 for the processing stage, but scale efficiency (SE) is high at both stages (0.84 and 0.87), implying that productivity can be improved substantially by reallocation of resources and adjusting operation size. The socio-economic determinants exert differential impacts on PTE and SE at each stage. Overall, education, experience and main occupation as farmer significantly improve SE while subsistence pressure reduces it. Extension contact significantly improves SE at the processing stage but reduces PTE and SE overall. Inverse size-PTE and size-SE relationships exist in cassava production system. In other words, large/medium farms are technically and scale inefficient. Gender gap exists in performance. Male farmers are technically efficient at processing stage but scale inefficient overall. Farmers in northern region are technically efficient. Investments in education, extension services and infrastructure are suggested as policy options to improve the cassava sector in Nigeria. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) Seale-Hayne Educational Trust, UK 2015-05-21 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2015011347155 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2015011347155 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 116, No 1 (2015); 59-69 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2015011347155/828

oai:jarts.info:article/14 2016-04-04T15:20:25Z jarts:ART

Land-Use Changes in the Upper Lam Phra Phloeng Watershed, Northeastern Thailand: Characteristics and Driving Forces Cho, Khin Mar Zoebisch, Michael A. Socio-Economics cropping systems; forest clearing; land productivity; land-use change; Thailand For a typical smallholder agricultural area in northeast Thailand, this paper describes the land-use changes, their main driving forces and their consequences over the last forty years -from the conversion of the original forest to the present agricultural land use. The area has a relatively short agricultural history. From the 1960s onward, people started to settle in the area and began to clear-cut the forest to grow subsistence crops, such as upland rice and castor beans.After a relatively short period dominated by subsistence crops, the land use rapidly developed into maize-based cash-crop systems. Maize is still the main crop.Since the beginning of agriculture in the area, the farmers practiced continuous cropping. Shifting cultivation was never practiced. Initially, the soil was not tilled, and dibbling of seeds was exclusively practiced. All soil and crop husbandry practices were carried out manually. Due to the influx of more people, the agricultural land area expanded rapidly. Most of the land remains government property. Only recently, limited land-use rights for the farmers are being issued. With the change of the land-use systems over time, i.e., from upland rice to maize, and from subsistence to more market-oriented farming, the agronomic practices also changed adapting to the requirements of the new crops. The application of inorganic fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides became standard practice. The use of these inputs led to a significant increase in land productivity. However, most farmers do not have su.cient capital to purchase all required inputs fore cultivation and they largely depend on private money lenders and middlemen for input supply at extremely high interest rates. There is a general perception amongst farmers of a considerable soil-fertility decline and that more and more fertilizer needs to be applied to maintain the current yield levels. To realize more sustainable agriculture, land-use technologies need to be adopted at the farm level that increase the e.ciency of nutrient and organic matter cycling and reduce soil-degradation risks. Simultaneously, an enabling environment needs to be developed based on appropriate extension services and adequate credit facilities for the farmers. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2003-05-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/14 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 104, No 1 (2003); 15-29 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/14/11

oai:jarts.info:article/3738 2020-01-13T13:30:22Z jarts:ART

Effect of salt stress on muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) seeds Alves da Silva, Fernando Henrique Morais, Patrícia Lígia Dantas de Bessa, Antonia Tamires Monteiro Costa, Maria Valdete da Cavalcante, Allinny Luzia Alves Torres, Salvador Barros Freitas de Oliveira, Daniela Martins Brito e Silva, Larissa Cucurbitaceae, electrical conductivity, germination, vegetables Cucumis melo is one of the most appreciated and consumed vegetables in the world, however, producing areas have been suffering from increased salinity in irrigation water. Therefore, accesses of melon, from the germplasm bank of the Federal Rural Semi-Arid University (UFERSA), were tested for salinity and the physiological responses of the seedlings were evaluated. For the 24 accesses of C. melo, salinity of 0.06 and 3.45 dS m-1 was applied. For this, four subsamples of 25 seeds per access were used, which were seeded in polystyrene trays having as a substrate washed and sterilized sand, initially moistened at 50% field capacity. The design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme (two salinity levels and 24 accesses). Salinity affected the physiological quality (germination and mean germination time) of melon seeds, germinating on average 62%, with an average germination time of 4 days, mean height of 10.5 cm and reduction of dry matter accumulation. The saline treatment increased the EC of the soil saturation extract, indicating the presence of stress. The accesses that presented intolerance to salinity were: A35, A24, A41, A31, A09, A28 and A43. The moderately tolerant accesses were: A16, A19, A15, A17, A34, A25, A27, A18, A42. The salinity tolerant accesses were: A45, A08, A37, A50, A14, A36, A07, A39 which may serve as a basis for genetic improvement. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel - Brazil (CAPES) - Financing Code 001 2019-12-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20191212865 10.17170/kobra-20191212865 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 120, No 2 (2019); 197-204 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20191212865/984 Copyright (c) 2019 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/5134 2023-11-02T13:28:12Z jarts:ART

Plantain mycorrhization with native consortium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) induce solubilisation of metals (Fe2+ and Al3+) in soil from Azaguié (south-east of Côte d’Ivoire) Bolou-Bi, Emile B. N'Guetta, Antoine Koua Gnimassoun, Edwige-Gwladys K. Ettien, Jean Baptiste D. Agronomy; Soil Science; Agroecology Musa AAB, Ferralsol, Native fungi, Metal leaching New agroecological practices propose to manage soil fertility using soil microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). However, few studies have been conducted on the impact of plantain mycorrhization and metal (Fe2+ and Al3+) solubilisation in soil. This study evaluates the effectiveness of native AMF on plantain growth and metal leaching from soil. Trap plants (maize, sorghum and cowpea) were grown to produce various inoculums. Then, plantains were grown under controlled conditions, with six treatments (control, plantain without inoculum, plantain with maize root inoculum, vigna root inoculum, sorghum root inoculum and mixed root inoculum) replicated five times. Growth parameters were measured, and the rate of plantain root colonization was evaluated by determining the frequency or intensity of infection. The contents of metals in leached solutions were analyzed using ICP-OES. Results indicated the rate of plantain roots colonization by fungi was not significantly different between the different treatments. Plantain biomass remained very low whatever the treatment. However, plant inoculated with vigna roots inoculum had the highest biomass while plant inoculated with sorghum root inoculum showed the lowest biomass. Leached solutions from soils with inoculated plants had on average a pH value of one pH unit lower than leached solutions from soils without inoculum. In addition, plantain mycorrhization can promote the leaching of Fe2+ from the soil by acidification, whereas the difference between treatments was not significant for the concentration of Al3+ in solutions. These results suggest that the association of plantain with microorganisms remains a way for agroecological banana production in Côte d’Ivoire. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2023-04-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202302217528 10.17170/kobra-202302217528 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 124, No 1 (2023); 47-56 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202302217528/1087 Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/773 2013-08-10T17:32:15Z jarts:BREV

Book review: Roger Leakey. Living with the trees of life: Towards the transformation of tropical agriculture Callo-Concha, Daniel Agronomy and Crop Science agroforestry; multifunctionality; tropical agriculture; tree domestrication Roger Leakey. Living with the trees of life: Towards the transformation of tropical agriculture. July 2012. CABI, 224 pp. ISBN: 978 1 78064 098 3Agroforestry as a modern science is barely fifty years old. Nevertheless, it has become an integral part of concepts, reports and assessments on the state-of-the-art of rural development.Against this background, the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) plays a remarkable role. But when precise concepts, practices and technologies are tracked, one ends up recognizing specific research groups and even individuals as founders and promoters of most of them. This is the case, for instance, in alley cropping or push-pull technologies, developed ad hoc to satisfy specific demands and which have been strongly promoted by identifiable institutions and individuals. In his book ‘Living with trees: towards the transformation of the tropical agriculture’, Roger Leakey renders his personal testimony of agroforestry. He does this from the viewpoint of a student, scientist, scientific leader, and lately as an advocate of agroforestry as a land-use management alternative.In a narrative style, Leakey interlaces cornerstones of his scientific queries with his contributions on agroforestry as a driver and path for rural development. He describes, for instance, how a high diversity of tree seeds in a Cameroonian market indicates the potential of native trees to provide diverse benefits to small households. Later, as the director general of ICRAF, he introduced the idea of the ‘Cinderella’ tree, which led to a worldwide program on participative identification and domestication of indigenous tree species.Through anecdotal causalities, Leakey reveals the manifold character of agroforestry: “(…) is more than just an agronomic practice that restores soil fertility and produces tree products in farmers’ fields. It is also applied ecology or, more accurately, applied agroecology – the ecology of farming systems.” (Leakey 2012: 51). In the context of the current global challenges, he further develops this premise to the concept of multifunctionality, which he understands as the simultaneous provision of diverse goods, services and functions to strengthen the ecological and social sustainability of livelihoods. Furthermore, for the operationalization of farming multifunctionality Leakey proposes the use of systemic insights by acknowledging that the “(…) interconnectedness of agriculture’s different roles and functions in rural development, is a sine qua non” condition to generate and promote sustainable scientific and technological alternatives. This is possible since multifunctionality, by its intrinsic logic, avoids the hampering factors inherent to other approaches by being affordable, socially accepted, environmentally harmless and naturally capable of supporting rehabilitation of water and soils.Leakey supports his thesis with several case studies: Participatory domestication of the galip nut in the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea, re-introduction of overexploited wild sandalwood species in the Vanuatu archipelago in the South Pacific, and in Australia exploration of bush tucker species together with the aboriginal communities. His flagship experience is the Food for Progress project in Cameroon, which by 2009 included almost 500 villages in active production, use and commercialization of tree local species.However, as is the case with similar technological/paradigmatic proposals, this approach faces inherent constraints. One is the unpredictability resulting from dealing with social-ecological systems and diverse interests that may or may not match the interests and foreseen goals of the stakeholders. This generates diverging and unexpected outcomes. Associated herewith is the tradeoff through optimization of the components’ performance, i.e., which outcome should be privileged and which the guiding criteria? Again, the dilemma between producing more with less against more with more becomes apparent.Strictly speaking, Leakey’s book is not a scientific book. As a prolific scientific author with an extensive bibliography, Leakey does not need to provide methodological and technical arguments to make a point. His style, this time, is rather discursive. He says that scientific research can benefit from participation, scientific findings can achieve developmental goals, and multifunctionality as a production paradigm can facilitate this. But besides scientific training, a sensitive mindset is a fundamental condition to realize these aspects and put them into practice.In short, Leakey’s work is a book that a committed (young) scientist interested in development, but with both feet on the ground, could significantly benefit from. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) University of Bonn 2013-08-09 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Non-refereed Book Review application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/773 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-773 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 114, No 1 (2013); 77-78 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/773/433

oai:jarts.info:article/294 2013-04-16T21:30:37Z jarts:ART

Resource use pattern and agroecosystem functioning in Rawanganga micro-watershed in Garhwal Himalaya, India Bagwari, Hari Krishan Todaria, Nagendra Prasad Forestry; Agroforestry agroecosystem; altitude; energy consumption; energy input-output ratio; agricultural crops; Garhwal Himalaya Agro-ecological resource use pattern in a traditional hill agricultural watershed in Garhwal Himalaya was analysed along an altitudinal transect. Thirty one food crops were found, although only 0.5% agriculture land is under irrigation in the area. Fifteen different tree species within agroforestry systems were located and their density varied from 30-90 trees/ha. Grain yield, fodder from agroforest trees and crop residue were observed to be highest between 1200 and 1600 m a.s.l. Also the annual energy input- output ratio per hectare was highest between 1200 and 1600 m a.s.l. (1.46). This higher input- output ratio between 1200-1600 m a.s.l. was attributed to the fact that green fodder, obtained from agroforestry trees, was considered as farm produce. The energy budget across altitudinal zones revealed 95% contribution of the farmyard manure and the maximum output was in terms of either crop residue (35%) or fodder (55%) from the agroforestry component. Presently on average 23%, 29% and 41% cattle were dependent on stall feeding in villages located at higher, lower and middle altitudes respectively. Similarly, fuel wood consumption was greatly influenced by altitude and family size. The efficiency and sustainability of the hill agroecosystem can be restored by strengthening of the agroforestry component. The approach will be appreciated by the local communities and will readily find their acceptance and can ensure their effective participation in the programme. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) Department of Land Resource, Ministry of Rural Employment, Govt. of India, New Delhi. 2012-06-12 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012011740340 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2012011740340 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 112, No 2 (2011); 101-112 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012011740340/155

oai:jarts.info:article/2757 2018-07-02T09:22:06Z jarts:ART

Nutrient utilisation and blood chemistry of Red Sokoto bucks fed on diets with different inclusion levels of raw and soaked roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) seeds Ibrahim, Taofik Adam Abdu, Salisu Bakura Hassan, Muhammad Rabiu Yashim, Suleiman Makama Adamu, Hanwa Yusuf Lamidi, Owolabi S. Animal Science (Ruminant Nutrition) Hibiscus sabdariffa seeds, soaking, Red Sokoto bucks, nutrient utilisation, blood chemistry, goats This study evaluated nutrient utilisation and blood chemistry of Red Sokoto bucks fed a 10 and 20 % inclusion level of raw, water- and lime-soaked Hibiscus sabdariffa L. seeds in rice bran based diets. 21 Red Sokoto bucks aged 8–10 months and weighing 9–13 kg were randomly allotted into six treatments with three bucks each, while a seventh dietary treatment with zero inclusion of seeds served as control in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement using a complete randomised design. The results indicated that increase in dietary inclusion levels of soaked H. sabdariffa seeds increased (P  0.05) the nutrient utilisation of bucks as compared to the control, while a decrease was observed with increasing dietary inclusion levels of raw seeds. Dietary inclusion of both raw and water-soaked H. sabdariffa seeds increased (P  0.05) the packed cell volume. Soaking also influenced the white blood cell value which increased with increasing inclusion levels of H. sabdariffa seeds. However, values of haemoglobin and red blood cells were only affected by 20 % inclusion of raw and water-soaked H. sabdariffa seeds (P  0.05) compared to control. Inclusion of H. sabdariffa seeds furthermore reduced serum protein, albumin, globulin, glucose and urea levels compared to control. It is therefore concluded that H. sabdariffa seeds support haematopoiesis in Red Sokoto bucks. While both inclusion levels of water-soaked and 10 % raw H. sabdariffa seeds improved nutrient utilisation compared to control and 20 % inclusion of raw seeds, the 20 % inclusion of water-soaked H. sabdariffa seeds recorded the best nitrogen utilisation efficiency. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) S. B. Abdu, M. R. Hassan, O. Lamidi, S. M. Yashim, A. Kibon, Ahmadu Bello University, Department of Animal Science 2018-04-11 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2018010454135 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2018010454135 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 119, No 1 (2018); 45-54 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2018010454135/936 Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/6222 2026-04-16T19:46:14Z jarts:ART

Digital technologies in tropical agro-SMEs: Modelling return on investment, efficiency, and socio-environmental co-benefits in Costa Rica Okot, Tom Hesbon Opio, Emmanuel Sarmiento Cruz, Yanela Agricultultural economics; Agroecology Agricultural finance, Digital technologies, Environmental sustainability, Innovation adoption, Return on investment, Smallholder farming, Tropical agriculture Digital agriculture technologies are widely promoted as enablers of climate-resilient and efficient farming, yet empirical assessments of their financial, social, and ecological viability in tropical small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) remain limited. This study evaluates the perceived return on investment, cost efficiency, and socio-environmental co-benefits of DATs among 389 agro-SMEs across Costa Rica's seven provinces using a structural equation modelling (SEM) approach. The analysis focuses on three commonly adopted technologies: sensor-based irrigation systems, GPS-enabled machinery, and drone-assisted crop monitoring. The analysis integrates the Technology Acceptance Model, Technology-Organisation-Environment, and classical investment theory to explain adoption behaviour and performance outcomes. Results show a mean return on investment of 34.8% and a median pay-back of 2.4 years, driven primarily by improved input management. Financial access significantly moderates the relationship between technology use and economic returns, with supported adopters achieving higher economic returns. Socio-environmental benefits, such as reduced resource use and improved labour quality, are partially mediated by gains in cost efficiency. Robustness checks confirm that outcomes are consistent across regions, firm sizes, and digital service types. The findings suggest that digital agriculture technologies represent a viable investment even in fragmented, resource-constrained contexts, provided that financial and infrastructural barriers are addressed. Policy recommendations include targeted loan guarantees, rural broadband corridors, inclusive training programmes, and results-based public–private partnerships. The study contributes to the evidence base for scaling digitalisation in tropical agriculture and positions digital technologies as drivers of productivity, inclusivity, and sustainability. Future research should expand longitudinal tracking, explore fintech-enabled models, and quantify environmental co-benefits for climate-finance eligibility. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2026-04-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/kobra-2026032612021 10.17170/kobra-2026032612021 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 127 (2026); 113-123 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/kobra-2026032612021/1183 Copyright (c) 2026 Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/4729 2021-12-31T15:56:33Z jarts:ART

Analysis of the nutritional and productive behaviour of dairy cows under three rotation bands of pastures, Pichincha, Ecuador Muñoz, Eloy Castro Herinaina Andriamandroso, Andriamasinoro Lalaina Beckers, Yves Ron, Lenin Montufar, Carlos da Silva Neto, Gentil F. Borja, Juan Lebeau, Frédéric Bindelle, Jérôme Agronomy and Crop Science Grazing time, Milk production, Pasture rotation, Pennisetum clandestinum, Occupation time This research was carried out on Pennisetum clandestinum-based pastures to identify the effect of three (3) types of stocking methods with similar forage allowance (8.2 kg of dry matter for 100 kg of live weight) but differing by the occupation times of the rotations (3 h, 24 h, and continuous) on the behaviour and the production of dairy cows. The experimental scheme consisted in three herds of four Holstein Friesian cows grazing three paddocks, one per rotationtype, for one week and replicated three times in a cross-over design. Pasture height and biomass were measured before and after each grazing week and on a daily basis, two cows per herd were monitored during daytime with activity sensors and their milk production was recorded. The main results showed that in all treatments the cows reduced the height of the sward by 40% on average. The cows in the continuous treatment spent more time in meals and tended to have higher average speed during the day than in the 3-h rotation ascribed to a higher exploration of the whole gradable area every day in the continuous treatment and to more time idling animals in the 3-h treatment in anticipation of the opening of new areas to graze over the course of day. Despite those difference in activity, milk production did not differ neither in quantity with an average of 12.4 0.14 kg per day, nor in quality (i.e., fat, protein, non-fatty solids, total solids). We conclude that under our grazing conditions with an intermediate forage allowance and low producing cows, applying a labour intensive stocking method requiring to open new areas every 3 hours does not lead to a significant production increase. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) Académie de Recherche et d'Enseignement Supérieur – Cellule de Coopération au Développement (ARES-CCD, Brussels, Belgium) 2021-12-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202112035148 10.17170/kobra-202112035148 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 122, No 2 (2021); 289-298 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202112035148/1051 Copyright (c) 2021 Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/121 2016-04-06T10:31:43Z jarts:ART

A Research on the Impacts of Tourism on Rural Household Income and Farm Enterprises: The Case of the Nevsehir Province of Turkey Tanrıvermis, Harun Sanlı, Hasan Economics rural tourism; income and employment benefits; complementary activities; Cappadocia (Turkey) This article is aimed at investigating the impact of tourism activities on the income and living conditions of rural households, and reflecting the views of both households and tourists on tourism related activities. An economic assessment of households that deal both with agriculture and tourism in the Nev¸sehir Province (Cappadocia) has been carried out based on primary survey data. Agriculture is the main economic activity in Nevsehir, and households generally have the characteristic structure of small family enterprises. While 59.8% of household labour forces are utilised in agriculture, 7.0% are engaged in tourism activities. The agricultural and tourism related activities, such as pottery making, handicrafts and lodging, are often in competition for the generally insufficient working capital of households, as well as time and labour. Total average household income in the region has been determined as $9,949, of which $7,315 (73.5%) is drawn from agriculture and $2,587 (26%) from tourism-related activities. Tourism cannot be regarded as an activity that constitutes an alternative to agriculture, but rather a complementary source of income. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2010-05-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/121 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 108, No 2 (2007); 169-189 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/121/107

oai:jarts.info:article/2303 2018-06-20T09:01:58Z jarts:ART

Throughfall and soil properties in shaded and unshaded coffee plantations and a secondary forest: a case study from Southern Colombia Gaitán, Lucía Armbrecht, Inge Graefe, Sophie Agronomy and Crop Science; Forestry; Soil Science; Natural resource management coffee, saturated hydraulic conductivity, precipitation, shade trees, throughfall In Colombia coffee production is facing risks due to an increase in the variability and amount of rainfall, which may alter hydrological cycles and negatively influence yield quality and quantity. Shade trees in coffee plantations, however, are known to produce ecological benefits, such as intercepting rainfall and lowering its velocity, resulting in a reduced net-rainfall and higher water infiltration. In this case study, we measured throughfall and soil hydrological properties in four land use systems in Cauca, Colombia, that differed in stand structural parameters: shaded coffee, unshaded coffee, secondary forest and pasture. We found that throughfall was rather influenced by stand structural characteristics than by rainfall intensity. Lower throughfall was recorded in the shaded coffee compared to the other systems when rain gauges were placed at a distance of 1.0 m to the shade tree. The variability of throughfall was high in the shaded coffee, which was due to different canopy characteristics and irregular arrangements of shade tree species. Shaded coffee and secondary forest resembled each other in soil structural parameters, with an increase in saturated hydraulic conductivity and microporosity, whereas bulk density and macroporosity decreased, compared to the unshaded coffee and pasture. In this context tree-covered systems indicate a stronger resilience towards changing rainfall patterns, especially in mountainous areas where coffee is cultivated. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) The Konrad Krieger-Stiftung The Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Entomology department, Universidad del Valle 2016-12-09 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016101851061 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2016101851061 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 117, No 2 (2016); 309-321 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016101851061/893 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/5915 2025-06-10T08:34:54Z jarts:ART

Effect of pretreatment on pecan nut germination and rootstock production Lolletti, Daniele Ciccoritti, Roberto Raparelli, Elisabetta Agronomy and Crop Science Carya illinoinensis, Dormancy removal, Germination, Growth rate, Seed treatment, Stratification Pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] is a deciduous tree of the Juglandaceae family, native to temperate regions and growing wild in North America. In Italy, pecan trees are cultivated mainly in the southern regions, where the climatic conditions are optimal for their development. However, the area under cultivation is limited and most of the nuts are imported from the USA and Mexico. A major limiting factor for Italian pecan cultivation is the scarcity of rootstocks suitable for local pedoclimatic conditions. To evaluate the effect of stratification on the germination of pecan seeds to obtain rootstocks, seeds of 5 different cultivars were stratified and compared with those not stratified. The results indicated significant differences in nut germination related to stratification treatment and cultivar. In general, stratification process reduced the germination time from on average 50.4 days for untreated seeds to 12.6 days for treated seeds. The Wichita cultivar exhibited the highest germination rate under stratification whereas the lowest values were observed in non-stratified Cape Fare seeds. On average, better seedling development was observed in the first 6 weeks with stratification, while non-stratified nuts showed better seedling development between week 7 and 11. Shawnee and Wichita cultivars particularly benefited from the treatments, showing superior growth metrics values (35.0±7.9 and 34.9±7.8 cm height; 0.5±0.8 and 0.5±0.6 cm diameter, respectively). Cold stratification produced uniform and robust plants, providing nurseries with quality grafting material. Seeds stored at room temperature for two seasons completely lost their viability, rendering them unusable. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2025-03-17 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/kobra-2025011410820 10.17170/kobra-2025011410820 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 126, No 1 (2025); 77-84 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/kobra-2025011410820/1147 Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:jarts.info:article/37 2016-04-06T08:32:39Z jarts:ART

How Do “Renewable Products” Impact Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services – The Example of Natural Rubber in China Cotter, Marc Martin, Konrad Sauerborn, Joachim Plant production; Biodiversity research biodiversity; renewable products; rubber; ecosystem services; carbon sequestration; ecophysiology This paper aims to present the implications brought by the expansion of “renewable products” plantation systems in the tropics with cultivation of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) as a main focus. Throughout South East Asia, natural forest is being replaced by rubber or oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) plantations, with severe consequences for the local flora and fauna. Main aspects of this review are: i) The provision of an overview over renewable resources in general and rubber in particular, with eco-physiological and agronomical information concerning rubber cultivation. ii) The effect of rubber plantations on biodiversity and species composition under different rubber farming approaches. In addition we debate the possible influences of such large scale land cover transformations on ecosystem services. iii) The conversion of natural forests into rubber plantations releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. We estimated these values for different land cover types in southern China and assessed the carbon sequestration potential of local rubber plantations. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2009-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/37 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 110, No 1 (2009); 10-23 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/37/34

oai:jarts.info:article/1177 2014-08-07T15:42:09Z jarts:ART

Soil, water and nutrient loss under conventional and organic vegetable production managed in small farms Ramos, Michele Ribeiro Favaretto, Nerilde Dieckow, Jeferson Dedeck, Renato Antonio Vezzani, Fabiane Machado Almeida, Luciano Sperrin, Matthew Soil Science farming systems; catchment; runoff; manure; phosphorus; nitrogen Agricultural systems with conventional tillage and intensive use of agrochemicals, especially those on high slopes and with shallow soils, have the potential to release pollutants. This study aimed at evaluating the soil, water and nutrient lost via agricultural runoff in large plots (small catchments) under conventional and organic farming of vegetables as well as under forest (control) system in a Cambisol in the Campestre catchment. Samples of runoff were collected biweekly for one year through a Coshocton wheel. The soil and water losses from the conventional farming were 218 and 6 times higher, respectively, than forest. Under organic farming the soil and water losses were 12 and 4 times higher, respectively, than forest. However the soil losses (0.5 to 114 kg ha^(−1) year^(−1)) are considered low in agronomy but environmentally represent a potential source of surface water contamination by runoff associated pollutants. The concentrations and losses of all forms of phosphorus (P) were higher in the conventional system (9.5, 0.9 and 0.3 mg L^(−1) of total P for conventional, organic and forest systems, respectively), while the organic system had the highest concentrations and losses of soluble nitrogen (4.7, 38.6 and 0.4 mg L^(−1) of NO_3-N, respectively). The percentage of bioavailable P was proportionally higher in the organic system (91% of total P lost was as bioavailable P), indicating greater potential for pollution in the short term. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) 2014-08-07 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2014020344878 urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2014020344878 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 115, No 1 (2014); 31-40 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2014020344878/805

oai:jarts.info:article/5 2016-04-04T15:07:48Z jarts:ART

Beyond Land Titling for Sustainable Management of Agricultural Land: Lessons from Ndome and Ghazi in Taita-Taveta, Kenya Waswa, Fuchaka Eggers, Helmut Kutsch, Thomas Agricultural Policy land titling, sustainable land management, policies, Kenya This paper is based on a 1996-1999 case study that was done in semi-arid Ndome and Ghazi, Taita-Taveta District, in Kenya to determine the root causes of persistent erosion damage in the area. More than 10 years after land adjudication was done in these areas, more than 70% of the farmers still operate under tenure insecurity mainly due to lack of title deeds (r = 0.94**). Contrary to conventional expectation of land development, owning of land under private property rights was motivated by the sense of belonging, wealth, power and to some degree for speculative purposes. Adoption of structural soil and water conservation measures was still well below 50%. Preference was still given to indigenous land and water management (ILWM) technologies, with adoption ratesranging from 60% to more than 90%. No evidence existed that directly linked land improvement to land titling. For sustainable land management, land titling remains a critical incentive to farmers. However it will have to be accompanied by land use policy reforms that address four main issues, thus: deliberate efforts to preserve agricultural land, equitable distribution of available land, putting as much land as possible to agriculturaluse, and mechanisms to enhance prevention and control of land degradation. How these objectives can be achieved within the Kenyan context is the conceptual gist of this paper. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2010-04-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/5 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 103, No 2 (2002); 107-115 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/5/2

oai:jarts.info:article/3517 2019-11-19T17:17:05Z jarts:ART

A value chain analysis of baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) products in Eastern and Coastal Kenya Jäckering, Lisa Fischer, Sahrah Kehlenbeck, Katja Agricultural Economics; Agroforestry Mabuyu, Non-timber forest products, Smallholder farmers, Semi-arid areas, Kenya A growing demand for the highly nutritious baobab fruit pulp from Europe and North America raises the question whether the marketing of baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) products could be an opportunity as an income source for rural communities in Kenya, or if the increased demand from overseas would disturb domestic baobab use. To gain an idea of domestic baobab use, a value chain analysis of edible baobab products was performed, using qualitative methods. By using a non-probability sampling, 134 baobab value chain respondents from producers to retailers of baobab products were interviewed on sales data, volumes and profits. Results from an additional household survey, key informant interviews and participatory research were used to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of and to the baobab business. The main actors of the baobab value network were farmers, collectors, wholesalers, processors and retailers; 72% of the respondents were female. The products most traded were unprocessed pulp-covered seeds and mabuyu, a candy made out of baobab pulp-covered seeds, sugar and food colour. The average value of the product along the mabuyu value chain increased from 0.07 USD per kg of raw pulp-covered seeds paid to the farmer to up to 1.50 USD per kg paid by the end consumer for the mabuyu candy. For farmers, the harvesting and trading with baobab products is an additional source of income during the dry season.Increased commercialisation of baobab products and better integration of farmers into value chains may enhance income, particularly of women. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) Sahrah Fischer, University of Hohenheim, Agronomy in the Tropics and Subtropics Dr. Katja Kehlenbeck, World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya current address: Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Kleve, Germany. 2019-11-14 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20191030732 10.17170/kobra-20191030732 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 120, No 1 (2019); 91-104 2363-6033 1612-9830 eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20191030732/974 http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/downloadSuppFile/20191030732/1683 Copyright (c) 2019 Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 041d1c8b8747ba91b405be48da9351b2