2026-06-01T17:09:40Z http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/oai

oai:jarts.info:article/4251 2020-07-08T15:19:55Z jarts:BREV

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "200708 2020 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Specialty Coffee: Managing Quality by Thomas Oberthür, Peter Läderach, H.A. Jürgen Pohlan, Pih Lee Tan, James H. Cock Eißner, Helmut Halle Array Seven years after the 1st edition of “Specialty Coffee: Managing Quality” a fully revised 2nd edition is on the market - urgently expected and highly welcomed. Manifold and complex are the changes, both in conventional and specialty coffee cultivation, processing and trading since then. Despite all progress, there are two major challenges and risks to face: the climate change and the no-cost-cover-prices of coffee. This 2nd edition analyses the whole food chain from the coffee tree to the cup according to this risks, including new scientific, technological and social knowledge about it. Fortunately, the experienced team of five editors could orchestrate successfully the contributions of 43 experts in different scientific fields. The results are presented in three main parts: 1 - Background and Concepts, 2 - Crop Management and 3 – Value Chain Management.  The background and concepts for specialty coffee are subject in part one of the book. The first chapter outlines the developments in coffee consumption and demand, including new markets and the role of specialty coffee. In chapter two, the influence of geographical parameters, e.g. soil, altitude and temperature on coffee growing and quality coffee is described. These geographical analyses are generating high data amounts and require new information technologies to identify sites with capacity of superior coffee quality. The comparison of different coffee growing regions, e.g. Ethiopia and Costa Rica, known from the 1st edition, is now more detailed and allows to identify areas with similar conditions. Chapter 3 deals with the adoption of coffee growing to climate change and was extensively revised. While in the 1st Ed. the effect of climate change in Mesoamerica on coffee was analysed only, now information is given for important coffee growing regions worldwide, e.g. East Africa, China; Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand. It needs to be mentioned, that despite the sophisticated processing of unimaginable data volumes, all results for each region are free available. In chapter 4 a concept is developed, how farmers can interchange and compare their knowledge with this geographical data sets and capture own geo-referenced data. The 2012 founded World Coffee Research (WCR) organisation should take an active part in this process.   In part two, the crop management of specialty coffee is analysed in seven chapters. All important components are involved, from coffee physiology, breeding, plant nutrition, field management practices until the impact of pests and diseases. Particular emphasis is given to the post-harvest processing and – new - the roasting procedures. Also the breeding chapter 3 is fully revised and updated. The genome of both, C. arabica and C. canephora is now available and permits new breeding methods. Selection targets (Limonene) for quality has been detected and public-private breeding networks can be expected. The plant nutrition chapter 4 is based on the 4R-principle: Right source, rate, time and place. Special consideration is given how to close the yield gap between different farms in a region. In the last two chapters the complex post-harvesting processing is analysed and recommendations for better cup quality are given.   The third part of the book deals with the value chain management in six chapters. Prerequisites of sustainable business models for coffee, such as direct trading and vertical integration with roasters are outlined as well as business models for quality coffee, being de-commodification the first step to go. Finally, the book is completed by a comprehensive case study about specialty coffee in India.   This 2nd edition has developed now to a standard for managing specialty coffee, leaving the regional level to a global approach. The concepts and principles in this book developed should be considered by conventional coffee growers too, because climate change and price vulnerability matter for most coffee growers worldwide. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2020-07-08 00:00:00 Non-refereed Book Review application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/4251 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 121, No 1 (2020) eng Copyright (c) 2020 Authors

oai:jarts.info:article/80 2016-04-06T08:07:34Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Evaluation of Botanical Mixtures for Insect Pests Management on Cowpea Plants Oparaeke, A. M. Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, P. M. B. 1044, Zaria, Nigeria email: moparaekeiar@yahoo.com Dike, M. C. Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, P. M. B. 1044, Zaria, Nigeria Amatobi, C. I. Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, P. M. B. 1044, Zaria, Nigeria Array Studies were conducted at the Research Farm of the Institute for Agricultural Research, Zaria in 1999 and 2000 rainy seasons to evaluate the efficacy and synergistic activity of extracts mixtures from herbal landraces in reducing pests numbers on cowpea plants and ensuring high yield of grains. The extracts mixed in a ratio 10:10 % w/w included: cashew nutshell + garlic bulb; cashew nutshell + African pepper and garlic bulb + chilli pepper. The results indicated that all the herbal extract mixtures reduced the numbers of the tested insect pests (legume flower bud thrips, legume pod borer larvae and pod sucking bugs) and pod damage as well as increased grain yields by 4 - 5 times compared to the untreated control in the two years of investigation. The synergistic advantage of mixing two different plant species in botanical formulations could play a key role in the renewed effort to control pests of agricultural crops using biopesticides. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2005-04-30 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/80 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 106, No 1 (2005) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/2513 2016-12-14T05:44:45Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "161214 2016 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Effects of charcoal-enriched goat manure on soil fertility parameters and growth of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) in a sandy soil from northern Oman Willich, Melanie Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, Universität Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany / Current affiliation: College of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resource Management, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 W Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720, USA Schiborra, Anne Kathrin Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, Universität Kassel, Witzenhausen and Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany / Institut für Tierernährung, Tierische Lebensmittel und Ernährungsphysiologie (TTE), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Vienna, Austria Quaranta, Laura Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel, Steinstr. 19, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany and Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany, Buerkert, Andreas Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel, Faculty 11 Steinstraße 19, D - 37213 Witzenhausen Array The effect of charcoal feeding on manure quality and its subsequent application to enhance soil productivity has received little attention. The objectives of the present study therefore were to investigate the effects of (i) charcoal feeding on manure composition, and (ii) charcoal-enriched manure application on soil fertility parameters and growth of millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.). To this end, two experiments were conducted: First, a goat feeding trial where goats were fed increasing levels of activated charcoal (AC; 0, 3, 5, 7, and 9% of total ration); second, a greenhouse pot experiment using the manure from the feeding trial as an amendment for a sandy soil from northern Oman. We measured manure C, N, P, and K concentrations, soil fertility parameters and microbial biomass indices, as well as plant yield and nutrient concentrations. Manure C concentration increased significantly (P0.001) from 45.2% (0% AC) to 60.2% (9% AC) with increasing dietary AC, whereas manure N, P, and K concentrations decreased (P0.001) from 0% AC (N: 2.5%, P: 1.5%, K: 0.8%) to 9% AC (N: 1.7%, P: 0.8%, K: 0.4%). Soil organic carbon, pH, and microbial biomass N showed a response to AC-enriched manure. Yield of millet decreased slightly with AC enrichment, whereas K uptake was improved with increasing AC. We conclude that AC effects on manure quality and soil productivity depend on dosage of manure and AC, properties of AC, trial duration, and soil type. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2016-09-20 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016101851076 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 117, No 2 (2016) eng Copyright (c) 2016 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS)

oai:jarts.info:article/490 2013-04-16T21:26:09Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "130302 2013 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Alternative plant protein sources for pigs and chickens in the tropics – nutritional value and constraints: a review Martens, Siriwan D. International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Tropical Forages Program http://www.ciat.cgiar.org Tiemann, Tassilo T. International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Tropical Forages Program http://www.ciat.cgiar.org Bindelle, Jérôme University of Liège Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech http://www.gembloux.ulg.ac.be/ Peters, Michael International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Tropical Forages Program http://www.ciat.cgiar.org Lascano, Carlos E. National University of Colombia, Bogotá Array In the tropics, a large number of smallholder farms contribute significantly to food security by raising pigs and poultry for domestic consumption and for sale on local markets. The high cost and, sometimes, the lack of availability of commercial protein supplements is one of the main limitations to efficient animal production by smallholders. Locally-grown forages and grain legumes offer ecological benefits such as nitrogen fixation, soil improvement, and erosion control which contribute to improve cropping efficiency. Besides these agronomical assets, they can be used as animal feeds in mixed farming systems. In this paper we review options to include locally-grown forages and grain legumes as alternative protein sources in the diets of pigs and poultry in order to reduce farmers’ dependence on externally-purchased protein concentrates. The potential nutritive value of a wide range of forages and grain legumes is presented and discussed. The influence of dietary fibre and plant secondary metabolites contents and their antinutritive consequences on feed intake, digestive processes and animal performances are considered according to the varying composition in those compounds of the different plant species and cultivars covered in this review. Finally, methods to overcome the antinutritive attributes of the plant secondary metabolites using heat, chemical or biological treatment are reviewed regarding their efficiency and their suitability in low input farming systems. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2013-03-02 21:46:13 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012092441794 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 113, No 2 (2012) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/6130 2026-01-12T14:09:21Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "250926 2025 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Determinants of the intention to practise aquaculture after graduation among university students of aquaculture and fisheries in Ogun State, Nigeria Olaoye, Olalekan Jacob Agricultural Media Resources and Extension Centre (AMREC), Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3007-8971 Ojebiyi, Wahab Gbenga Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3583-4630 Folaranmi, Lateefat O. Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta Adetarami, Oluwaseun Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0651-470X Iskil-Ogunyomi, Safiat Adekemi Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta Atu, Ruth N. Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta Adio, Funmilola Tope Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta Array This study examined the factors influencing the intention to practise aquaculture (ITPA) among university fisheries students in Ogun State, Nigeria, after graduation. A multistage procedure was employed to select 198 fisheries students from two universities offering aquaculture and fisheries-related courses within the study area. Data were obtained via a questionnaire administered via the Kobo Collect application. The data were analysed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and binary logistic regression. The results revealed that the students’ mean age was 24.3 years, and that 60% of them were females. The majority (97.0%) were single, and 21.8% indicated that their parents were involved in aquaculture enterprises. The results also showed that 91.4% intended to practise aquaculture after graduation, with 60.8% preferring to start a feed milling enterprise. The motivations for ITPA after graduation included the desire to create jobs (93.6%), and persuasion by parents and relatives (94.1%). Those who did not intend to practise aquaculture reported lack of access to loan facilities (94.1%), and a lack of professionalism (88.2%) as demotivating factors. Additionally, 94.9% had a positive perception of youth involvement in aquaculture, but required further training in pond construction (x̄=1.57±0.64), and fingerling production/breeding (x̄=1.58±0.65). The perception of youth involvement in aquaculture was found to be a significant predictor of students’ ITPA (β=0.116, p0.05) with an odds ratio of 1.123. It was concluded that the intention of fisheries students’ intention to practise aquaculture after graduation was significantly influenced by their perception of youth involvement in aquaculture rather than by personal characteristics. It is recommended that stakeholders should provide fisheries graduates with access to land and financial support. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2025-08-08 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/kobra-2025081111372 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 126, No 2 (2025) eng Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s)

oai:jarts.info:article/4752 2022-10-04T13:14:29Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "220321 2022 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Effects of Petiveria alliacea (guinea hen weed) leaf extract on fermentation parameters, nutrient digestibility and faecal worm egg count in growing West African dwarf goats Adebayo, Kafayat Omowumi Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria Mustapha, Muhammed Abiola Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria Akinbode, Risikat Mojisola Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria Adelusi, Oludotun Olusegun Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria Aderinboye, Ronke Yemisi Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria Isah, Olubukola Ajike Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria Array Medicinal plants are used in animal feeding as natural antimicrobial to improve nutrient utilisation and health status of animals. This study assessed the effects of varying concentration of Petiveria alliacea leaf extract (PLE) on fermentation parameters, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilisation and faecal worm egg count of growing West African dwarf goats.  Twenty- four (24) growing West African dwarf bucks with average body weight of 8.50 ± 0.55 kg were divided into four treatment groups with six bucks each in a completely randomized design. Each treatment group were administered varying concentrations (0, 2, 4 and 6 %) of PLE at 5 ml per animal and day and fed wilted Panicum maximum as basal feed and concentrate supplement. Results showed that oral administration of varying concentrations of PLE did not significantly (p0.05) influence ammonia-N, pH and total volatile fatty acids concentration of the rumen fluid of the experimental goats. Dry matter intake, weight gain and dry matter digestibility were also not affected (p0.05) by administration of PLE. Crude protein, NDF and ADF digestibility were higher (p0.05) in goats on 0 and 2 % concentrations and lower in those administered 4 and 6 % concentrations. Urinary N and total N excretion values were lowest in goats administered 6 % concentration of PLE. Nitrogen retained (% of N intake) was highest (p0.05) in goats administered 4 and 6% concentration of PLE. Highest reduction (55.6%) in faecal worm egg count was obtained at 6% concentration of PLE.  Petiveria alliacea leaf extract could be administered to West African dwarf goats at 4 % concentration for increased nitrogen retention and at 6 % concentration as anthelminthic. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2022-01-25 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202203085849 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 123, No 1 (2022) eng Copyright (c) 2022 Author(s)

oai:jarts.info:article/3502 2019-11-19T17:17:05Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "191104 2019 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Combining biochar with low rate of chemical fertiliser boosts maize biomass yield, regardless of tillage system, under humid conditions Kiobia, Denis Olgen Sokoine University of Agriculture Graef, Hannah A. University of Rostock, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Germany Reuben, Paul Sokoine University of Agricuture, Department of Agricultural Engineering Sciences and Technology, Tanzania Kahimba, Frederick Cassian Sokoine University of Agricuture, Department of Agricultural Engineering Sciences and Technology, Tanzania Graef, Frieder Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Germany Eichler-Löbermann, Bettina University of Rostock, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Germany Silayo, Valerian C. K. Sokoine University of Agricuture, Department of Agricultural Engineering Sciences and Technology, Tanzania Array Biochar application to soils increases biomass and crop yields, especially with rates higher than 100 t ha−1. Yet, there is limited knowledge on the combined effect of biochar and chemical fertiliser under different tillage systems. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of maize-cob biochar (BC) (rates of 5 and 10 t ha−1) combined with chemical fertiliser micro-dosing (MD) at a rate of 25% of the recommended quantity on total shoot dry matter (DM) and plant height of maize cultivated under flat (F) and tied-ridge (R) practices during a humid season in Tanzania. The results indicate that combining 5 t ha−1 BC with 25% MD increases DM at harvest by 83% (4.16 t ha−1) compared to the control (2.27 t ha−1) and was in the same range as the DM obtained from the treatment with the recommended fertiliser rate (100% FD). The treatments with single applications of 25% MD, 5 t ha−1 BC, and 10 t ha−1 BC only tended to exceed the control of DM yield. Therefore, we recommend that small-scale farmers aiming at DM for livestock or grain yield with limited access to chemical fertilisers to combine biochar with 25% MD, rather than applying biochar or low chemical fertiliser rates alone. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2019-02-21 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20190613557 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 120, No 1 (2019) eng Copyright (c) 2019 Author(s)

oai:jarts.info:article/47 2016-04-06T07:57:55Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Phosphorus Uptake and Balance in a Soyabean-Maize Rotation in the Moist Savanna of West Africa Ogoke, I. J. Department of Crop Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria Email: ogoke ij@yahoo.com Togun, A. O. Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria Carsky, R. J. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), c/o L.W. Lambourn & Co., Carolyn House 26 Dingwall Road Croydon CR9 3EE, UK Dashiell, K. E. Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Oklahoma State University, USA Array This study investigated the effect of maturity class on phosphorus (P) balance in a soyabean-maize rotation in the West African moist savanna.F our soyabean varieties of different maturity classes were grown with or without P fertilizer followed by a maize crop. Soyabean stover P content averaged 1.77 kg ha−1 compared with 5.13 kg ha−1 in the grain. The late soyabean variety TGx1670-1F accumulated a significantly higher P in the grain (6.56 kg ha−1), and stover (2.57 kg ha−1) than the others. While P harvest index averaged 79%, P application increased grain P by 63-81% and stover P by 100% or more. When either soyabean grain or grain+stover was exported, P balance was negative and was not statistically different for varieties when no P was applied. At 30 or 60 kg P ha−1, P balance was negative but significantly lower in TGx1670-1F compared with other varieties. In creasing P rate applied to soyabean significantly (p 0.01) increased maize grain P by 35-66% in the second year. When P was exported only in soyabean grain, cumulative P balances after maize grain harvest (with no P or 30 kg ha−1 applied previous year) were not significantly different for previous soyabean crops. At 60 kg ha−1, however, P balance in previous TGx1670-1F plot was significantly lower than for other varieties. A further export of soyabean stover reduced P balance. Significant residual P effect was observed emphasizing the need to focus P fertilizer application in the cropping system rather than on the single crop. Also with more P in soyabean grain, a reduction in the extent of P depletion will be achieved by returning soyabean stover to the field after threshing. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2004-05-01 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/47 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 105, No 1 (2004) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/1892 2015-11-25T15:46:39Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "151014 2015 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Influence of farmers educational level on comprehending, acting-upon and sharing of agro advisories Gowda, M.J. Chandre Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute, Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR), Bangalore, HA Farm Post, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, India Dixit, Sreenath Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), HA Farm Post, Hebbal, Bangalore – 560 024 Array Although short messaging service (SMS) through mobile phones has quickly gained popularity among most other sectors in India, its potential is not fully realised in the agriculture sector as a cost effective service to reach farmers and elicit desirable action. Despite the cost effectiveness, mobile messaging has remained a challenge in the farming sector in terms of its end use and action as far as extension systems are concerned. While there could be many influencing factors affecting the utility of mobile messages, this study assumed that educational level of farmers could be a major factor. A telephone survey was conducted to ascertain the influence of farmers’ education on the level of utilisation of mobile-based advisories. Farmers with higher education level showed better comprehension of advisories, acted-upon the advisories more promptly and shared the information with fellow farmers more often than those with lower education level. There was a significant association between comprehending, sharing and acting upon advisories. This has implications to achieve enhanced extension reach with higher efficiency in terms of cost and time. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2015-08-19 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2015061048518 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 116, No 2 (2015) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/123 2013-04-16T21:32:53Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "111006 2011 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc The role of NGO in informal seed production and dissemination: The case of eastern Ethiopia Beyene, Fekadu Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, Extension, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 161, Haramaya, Ethiopia Array Seed is the basic input to crop production. Farmer-based seed production as an alternative agricultural technology transfer is increasingly given especial attention in developing countries where food insecurity is critical. This paper aims to assess the seed production and dissemination strategy among smallholder farmers in eastern Ethiopia that has been introduced by Hararghe Catholic Secretariat (a Non-GovernmentalOrganization). A survey of 160 households in four administrative districts and focus group discussions were used to collect data. While narratives helped understand the process, logistic regressionwas used to identify determinants of land allocation to seed production. Results indicate the crucial role of informal networks and social capital as facilitators of access to production inputs, information and knowledge. The informal seed supply system initiated by the NGO has a huge potential to benefit smallholder farmers by improving their access to higher-yielding varieties of various crops, thereby contributing to an increase in their wellbeing. However, the traditional practice of seed exchange, influenced by social relations, will remain uneconomical to seed producers. Thus, the paper suggests that this potential can be further exploited if some preconditions such as establishment of seed banks, investment in human capital, removal of the underlying constraints and creation of reliable seed markets are given emphasis. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2011-10-06 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/x-pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2010091334547 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 111, No 2 (2010) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/5732 2025-01-15T11:38:46Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "240930 2024 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Effect of goat weed leaf meal (Ageratum conyzoides) as a partial dietary replacement for maize in the diet of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Irabor, Arnold Ebuka Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Dennis Osadebay University Sanubi, Jovita Oghenenyerhovwo Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science and Production, Dennis Osadebay University, Anwai, Asaba, Nigeria. Ozor, Augustine Onyemaechi Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Dennis Osadebay University, Anwai, Asaba, Nigeria. Onwuka, Maureen Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Dennis Osadebay University, Anwai, Asaba, Nigeria. Jn Pierre, Hardin Aaron Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, School of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan. Muhammad, Faisal Khalil Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan Array It is crucial to find ways to employ less expensive conventional materials in fish farming to lower production costs without adversely affecting the general performance of the fish. Consequently, certain neglected plants, such as goat weed leaves that have been reported to have the potential to serve as a partial substitute for maize (energy source) must be considered. Therefore, this research evaluated the effects of partially replacing maize with goat weed leaf meal (Ageratum conyzoides) (GWLM) on the growth, haematology, and serum enzyme indices of Clarias gariepinus. A 56-day feeding trial was conducted with a total of 500 juveniles with an average weight of 13.7 g. After sterilizing the fish in a mixture of potassium permanganate and water to reduce stress, a one-week acclimatisation period was ensured using commercial feed (2 mm). Subsequently, the juveniles were randomly stocked in quadruplets of 25 fish per culture tank measuring 1.2 m x 1.2 m x 0.9 m each (labelled Ai-iv, Bi-iv, Ci-iv, Di-iv, and Ei-iv) based on the number of repetition and the diet to be fed. A total of five (5) different diets with varying levels of dietary inclusion (A: 0%, B: 2%, C: 4%, D: 6%, and E: 8%) of goat weed leaf meal (GWLM) as a partial replacement for maize were formulated to contain a minimum crude protein level of 40%. The test diets were administered twice daily (7:00 hrs. and 18:00 hrs.) and the sampled fish were adequately fed (5% body weight) with proper follow-up to monitor feeding behaviour. The data collected from the research were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the SPSS version 23 analysis package. Furthermore, a Duncan multiple-range test was employed to separate the means. There were notable (p 0.05) variations in various parameters (proximate composition, digestibility of nutrients, growth performance, haematological and serological profiles, and water quality) observed in all treatments as the inclusion of the test ingredient in the diet increased. However, as the inclusion levels of the test ingredient increased above 4%, a steady decline was observed between treatments. At a 4% dietary inclusion level, the best performance indices (weight gained (36.52g), feed conversion ratio (2.15), specific growth rate (2.31) and survival rate (95%)), and blood profile (haematology and serum enzyme indices) were observed. Therefore, a 4% replacement of maize using goat weed leaf meal (GWLM) in the diet is suitable for an optimum performance of African catfish. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2024-09-30 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2024070910493 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 125, No 2 (2024) eng Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s)

oai:jarts.info:article/4442 2021-06-29T11:30:55Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "210413 2021 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Optimisation of the seedball technology for sorghum production under nutrient limitations Nwankwo, Charles Ikenna Institute of Soil Science (310a), University of Hohenheim, Germany https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5552-9900 Herrmann, Ludger Institute of Soil Science (310a), University of Hohenheim, Germany Array The seedball technology is a simple and affordable seed-pelleting technique that uses locally available materials such as sand, loam, wood ash and seeds to enhance early crop establishment. It has been shown to be effective for pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.) subsistence production in Sahelian environments. The objective of this study was to optimise the seedball technology for sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) under greenhouse conditions. Series of pot experiments were conducted in order to identify optimal size, seed number as well as nutrient content under low- and normal-soil phosphorus availability. The identified optimal seedball formula for sorghum is: 80 g sand + 50 g loam + 25 ml water + about 20 seeds. As maximum 1.5 g NPK mineral fertiliser can be added as nutrient compound. Compared to the control treatment, seedballs significantly improved root and shoot biomass variables as well as nutrient uptake of sorghum seedlings grown for 19 days. The lower the substrate P level, the better the biomass enhancement effect of seedballs, i.e. likely caused by nutrient availability. The next step is on-farm field testing under Sahelian conditions. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2021-02-16 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202102113204 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 122, No 1 (2021) eng Copyright (c) 2021 Authors

oai:jarts.info:article/2480 2018-06-15T12:20:02Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "170904 2017 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Changes in biochemical characteristics and Na and K content of caper (Capparis spinosa L.) seedlings under water and salt stress Sadeghi, Hossein Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, 71441-65186, Shiraz, Iran Rostami, Laleh Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, 71441-65186, Shiraz, Iran Array In order to investigate the effect of water and salt stress on caper (Capparis spinosa L.) seedlings, a randomized complete block design with five replications was carried out in 2013 at Shiraz University, Iran. Water stress had three levels: 100 % (control), 75 %, and 5 % field capacity (FC), and five levels of salinity were applied: 0 (control), 4, 8, 12, and 18 dSm^(−1). The results indicated that salinity had a significantly negative effect on chlorophyll content of caper seedlings, while drought increased this content. The carotenoid content in caper seedlings under water and salinity stress was significantly increased. Proline and total protein content increased also under both salinity and water stress. Antioxidant enzyme activity; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) also increased in response of salinity and drought. Salinity stress significantly increased the content of Na^+ in cells but decreased K^+ content. It seems that caper seedlings could tolerate a salinity level up to 4–8 dSm^(−1) as well as water stress of 75 % FC, no significant differences were observed between these two salinity levels, the water stress level and the control. The interaction effect of water stress and salinity had a significant effect on biochemical characteristics of caper. The highest content of carotenoid, proline and total protein content were obtained in 50 % FC and 18 dSm^(−1).The results of biochemical characteristics and leaf content of K+ and Na+ suggest that caper plant is a very tolerant species to salinity and drought stress which make it a suitable crop for most arid and semi-arid regions of Iran. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2017-06-26 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017062752895 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 118, No 2 (2017) eng Copyright (c) 2017

oai:jarts.info:article/13 2016-04-04T15:19:30Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Quo vadis Süßwasser? Anmerkungen zum "Internationalen Jahr des Süßwassers 2003" Wolff, Peter Heiligenstädter Weg 5 D-37213 Witzenhausen Germany Array The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed in a resolution in 2002 the “Internnational Year of Freshwater 2003”. The aim of the year is to raise awareness of the importance of protecting and managing freshwater resources in a sustainable way. On occasion of the International Year of Freshwater the author highlights the competing demands and gives a short description of three scenarios of freshwater use. From these scenarios it can be concluded that only the establishment of a sustainable, integrated water management will avoid a water crisis and maintain food security. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2003-05-01 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/13 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 104, No 1 (2003) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/833 2014-02-04T16:57:27Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "140130 2014 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Rural households’ social capital and welfare: A case study of Msinga, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Baiyegunhi, Lloyd James Segun Discipline of Agricultural Economics, School of Agricultural, Earth & Environmental Sciences (SAEES) – University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa Array In a household or nations production system, social capital has been recognized as an input having major implications for project design as well as policy development. Using a structured questionnaire, household level data was obtained from a representative sample of 300 rural households in Msinga, KwaZulu-Natal. This study employed the conventional household economic behaviour model under constrained utility maximisation to examine the effect of social capital on the welfare of household, testing the hypothesis that the possession of social capital improves household welfare. The result shows that social capital endowments have a statistically significant positive effect on household welfare, in addition to the some household’s demographic and socio-economic characteristics. The study concluded that, access to social capital among other factors, is very crucial for improved rural household welfare and poverty reduction. It is therefore important for government to have knowledge of existing social groups and networks as this will improve the effectiveness of the present strategies aimed at reducing poverty. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2014-01-30 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2013081343356 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 114, No 2 (2013) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/100 2010-05-13T20:36:58Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Influence of Cereal-Legume Rotation on Striga Control and Maize Grain Yield in Farmers’ Fields in the Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria Kureh, I. Department of Plant Science, Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR), Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Nigeria Kamara, A. Y. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria; c/o L.W Lambourn & Co., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR93EE England Tarfa, B. D. Department of Plant Science, Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR), Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Nigeria Array On-farm trials were conducted in 2001, 2002, and 2003 in the northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria to evaluate integrated Striga hermonthica control measures under farmermanaged conditions. These included intercropping a Striga-resistant maize variety with cowpea for 3 years and also cropping this maize in rotation with legume trap crops - soybean and cowpea for 1-2 two years. Intercropping Striga-tolerant maize variety, Acr. 97TZL Comp. 1-W, with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) consistently reduced Striga infestation in maize relative to continuously cropped sole maize over the threeyear period. Maize grain yield was lower in the intercrop than in the sole maize plot probably due to competition from cowpea. However, because of the high value of cowpea in the intercrop, crop value for this system was higher than sole cropped maize. Legume-maize rotation reduced Striga infestation by 35% after one year of legumes in the rotation and by 76% after two years of legumes in the rotation. Soybean was more effective in reducing Striga infestation and also gave higher maize grain yield than cowpea. The rotation of these two legumes with maize had clear advantage over continuously cropped maize. Farmers should therefore be encouraged to adopt the introduction of grain legumes into the cereal cropping systems of the Nigerian savanna. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2006-04-30 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/100 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 107, No 1 (2006) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/4617 2021-12-31T15:56:33Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "211221 2021 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Demonstration of improved feed trough for efficient feed utilisation by small ruminants in Southern Mali Ayantunde, Augustine A. International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), c/o AfricaRice, BP 24265 Ouakam, Dakar, Senegal Dembele, Theophile Association Malienne d’Eveil au Développement Durable (AMEDD), Koutiala, Mali Samake, Oumar Association Malienne d’Eveil au Développement Durable (AMEDD), Koutiala, Mali Sogoba, Bougouna Association Malienne d’Eveil au Développement Durable (AMEDD), Koutiala, Mali Array The ruminant feeding systems of smallholder farmers in mixed crop and livestock systems in Sudano-Sahelian zone of West Africa are characterised by waste. To promote efficient feed use, the use of improved feed trough for small ruminants was demonstrated in Sirakele, Zanzoni and M’Pessoba in Koutiala district in southern Mali in the late (March/April 2019) and early dry (February 2020) seasons. Forty-five farmers were selected randomly in the study sites and were each provided with one improved feed trough which was then compared with the conventional or commonly used feed trough. The quantity of feed offered, and that was wasted during the feeding were measured for six consecutive days, both for the conventional and improved feed troughs. The perceptions of all participating farmers about the technology were documented through response to a series of questions on the potential benefit of the improved feed trough based on the five-point Likert scale. The results showed that the improved feed trough reduced feed waste significantly in all the three sites in both seasons. The percentage of waste in feeding crop residues to sheep and goats using the conventional feed trough were 7.73 ± 0.9, 26.13 ± 3.3, and 13.32 ± 1.4 in Sirakele, Zanzoni and M’Pessoba, respectively in the late dry season compared to less than 1% with the improved feed troughs during the same season in Sirakele and M’Pessoba, respectively while it was 3.33% in Zanzoni. Feed saved by using improved feed trough gave net return of 13,020, 12,384 and 17,892 FCFA/household/year for Sirakele, Zanzoni and M’Pessoba, respectively. The participating farmers confirmed the benefits of the improved feed trough which are consistent with our results. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2021-08-04 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202112035150 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 122, No 2 (2021) eng Copyright (c) 2021 Authors

oai:jarts.info:article/3284 2019-01-16T09:29:19Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "190110 2019 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Smallholder goat production in the Namaacha and Moamba districts of southern Mozambique Mataveia, Gracinda A. Department of Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique; Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa Garrine, Carmen M. L. P. Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary at University of Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique Pondja, Alberto Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary at University of Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique Hassen, Abubeker Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa Visser, Carina Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa Array Goat rearing is one of the most common livestock farming activities in Mozambique and has the potential to play a powerful role in improving the livelihoods of resource-poor farmers. This study was conducted to investigate the status of goat husbandry practices in rural areas of southern Mozambique. Data were collected from a total of 45 smallholder goat keepers in three different villages through questionnaires complemented by interviews. Most households were dependent on crop production and livestock as their main source of income. Goats were reared under extensive systems where free grazing and tethering were the common feeding management practices with limited supplementation during the dry season. The flock sizes per household were predominantly small (13 ± 2.4) with uncontrolled breeding of goats. The goats were reared mainly as a source of meat for home consumption and a means of reserve cash income. All household members were involved in goat production but women and children had a minor role in terms of decision making. The main constrains limiting goat production were diseases, lack of veterinary services, limited size of grazing land and scarcity of feed resources. Intervention programs focused on improving the husbandry practices and veterinary assistance should be initiated to improve goat production and thereby improve the income and livelihood of the resource-poor farmers in Mozambique. This paper presents a summary of the results of a baseline study in the Namaacha and Moamba districts of Mozambique. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2018-08-21 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2018112825 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 119, No 2 (2018) eng Copyright (c) 2018 Author(s)

oai:jarts.info:article/36 2016-04-06T08:31:57Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc The Biofuel Debate – Status Quo and Research Needs to Meet Multiple Goals of Food, Fuel and Ecosystem Services in the Tropics and Subtropics Buerkert, Andreas Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel, Steinstr. 19, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany Schlecht, Eva Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel and Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Steinstr. 19, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany Array The current biofuel debate is characterized by concerns about the environmental effects of large-scale biofuel plantations, controversies about GMO-based feedstocks and the recent global food crisis. Predictions for the development of the biofuel sector are either departing from the supply-side or the demand-side, but are mostly based on modelling efforts with an unclear experimental basis and only broadly defined economic settings. Results vary widely and tend to undervalue technical progress in processing efficiency or management-related increases in biomass yields. Moreover, calculations often neglect the impact of climate change, the need for irrigation and processing water, for soil fertility maintenance and the importance of socio-economic issues. Against these shortcomings and in view of several decades to centuries of Ecosystem Carbon Payback Times of most biofuel plantations, their future as a large-scale replacement for hydrocarbons will strongly depend on improved matter conversion efficiencies and successful prevention mechanisms for conflicts over land use. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2009-04-30 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/36 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 110, No 1 (2009) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/1763 2015-06-02T15:42:53Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "150521 2015 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc The Koundoum sheep breed in Niger: morpho-biometric study and description of the production system Hamadou, Issa Department of Animal Production, National Institute of Agronomic Research of Niger, PO Box 429 Niamey, Niger. Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Sustainable Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Belgium Moula, Nassim Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Sustainable Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Boulevard de Colonster, 20, bâtiment B43, 4000 Liege, Belgique Siddo, Seyni Department of Animal Production, National Institute of Agronomic Research of Niger, PO Box 429 Niamey, Niger. Marichatou, Hamani Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy, University Abdou Moumouni, PO Box 10 960 Niamey, Niger. Issa, Moumouni Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy, University Abdou Moumouni, PO Box 10 960 Niamey, Niger. Leroy, Pascal Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Sustainable Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Boulevard de Colonster, 20, bâtiment B43, 4000 Liege, Belgique Antoine-Moussiaux, Nicolas Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Sustainable Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Boulevard de Colonster, 20, bâtiment B43, 4000 Liege, Belgique Tropical Veterinary Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Boulevard de Colonster, 20, building B43, 4000 Liege, Belgium Array The diffusion of highly productive breeds across developing countries goes along with a neglect of indigenous breeds, which are well suited to their environment but often show low yields. Thus, in Niger, the flock of Koundoum sheep are rapidly decreasing. The Koundoum is one of the few wool sheep breeds of Africa and shows important adaptive feature to its native environment, i.e. the humid pastures on the banks of the Niger River. To characterise the breed and to understand its production context, a survey has been conducted in 104 herds in four communes along the Niger River (Kollo, Tillabery, Say and Tera). Nine body measurements, including live weight, were taken on 180 adult sheep (101 females and 79 males). The herds varied from 2 to 60 heads, with a median size of eight animals and two thirds of the herds having less than 10 animals. Mainly fed on natural pastures, 85.6% of the herds received crop residues. Only natural mating was practiced. Veterinary care was restricted to anti-helminthic and some indigenous treatments. The frequent affiliation of breeders to professional unions appeared as favourable to the implementation of a collective conservation program. The Koundoum sheep were white or black coated, with the black colour being most frequent (75.6%). Wattles were present in both sexes at similar frequencies of around 14%. All biometric variables were significantly and positively correlated between them. The thoracic perimeter showed the best correlation with live weight in both males and females. Three variables were selected for live weight prediction: thoracic perimeter, height at withers and rump length. From the present study, it is expected that the in situ conservation of the Koundoum sheep will be highly problematic, due to lack of market opportunities for wool and the willingness of smallholders to get involved in pure Koundoum rearing. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2015-05-21 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2015011347146 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 116, No 1 (2015) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/132 2016-04-06T10:38:04Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Food for Work Program and its Implications on Food Security: A Critical Review with a Practical Example from the Amhara Region, Ethiopia Gedamu, Ashenafi University of Kassel, International Agricultural Sciences, Development Economics and Agricultural Policy Array A systematic evaluation of food-for-work (FFW) programs in Ethiopia is seriously lacking. Most of the few available reports indicate that these programs have reached very few achievements in terms of food security and reduction of poverty at large. As expressed by Holden et al. (2005), FFW programs are commonly aimed to produce or maintain potentially valuable public goods necessary to stimulate productivity and thus income growth. Natural resources management, like rural road construction, erosion control and afforestation of degraded lands can be mentioned as valuable measures which could stimulate productivity and agricultural growth. The poverty reduction and food security impact of food or cash for work activities are larger if they offer not only seasonal job opportunities to the rural community but also long term employment possibilities. This is more likely if the projects are regionally dispersed and combined with basic education. In the Ethiopian context, it was always questionable if the continuous boom in food aid (regardless of cash or food for work purposes) was the solution for the long standing food insecurity and poverty crises in the country. The study discusses the efficiency of FFW programs that aimed to reduce rural poverty and ensure food security on the one hand, and the impact of the food aid on resource and time allocation of the participating households for own food production on the other. The study is based on a field research conducted at a FFW program project, in the Amhara region, Ethiopia run by the German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) with the view of improving food security in the Amhara region, Ethiopia. A household theoretical model is used to analyze the sample data, whether FFW program may indeed reduce household food insecurity and/or has some crowding-out effects on labour allocation of participating households for own field production. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2006-11-01 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/132 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 107, No 2 (2006) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/5400 2025-03-26T14:30:34Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "240229 2024 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Food security status and its determinants: A comparative study between farm households under government and non-government agricultural extension services in Bangladesh Sarmin, Susmita Lecturer, Department of Agricultural Extension, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh. https://hstu.ac.bd/teacher/susmita https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0094-3880 Hasan, Md. Faruq Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh. https://hstu.ac.bd/teacher/faruq Mondol, Md. Abu Sayed Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh. https://hstu.ac.bd/teacher/abu_said Rahman, Md. Zulfikar Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. https://agext.bau.edu.bd/profile/AGEXT1004 Karim, Md. Rezaul Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh. https://hstu.ac.bd/teacher/rezaul Array The ability to obtain food security is essential to human existence. Secure food access can have a variety of positive effects, such as economic expansion, the creation of jobs, and the eradication of poverty. This study assessed the food security status of farm households and its determinants in the Dinajpur district of Bangladesh. Efforts were also made to assess and compare the socio-economic demographics and item-wise calorie intake among households receiving government and non-government agricultural extension services. One hundred twenty-five (125) farm households receiving government or non-government extension services were selected using a multi-stage random sampling procedure. The percentages, means, and standard deviations were employed to summarise the data gathered during the interviews. The inferential statistical investigation involved using the independent sample t-test, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that 68.8 percent of the families in the study area were food secure, while food insecurity was more prevalent for those receiving non-government extension services. In addition, significant differences existed between the selected characteristics of the two groups of farmers in terms of age, household head’s education, average family education, household size, farm size, farming experience, annual household income, annual household expenditure, knowledge on food and nutrition, and extension sources contact. There were also large discrepancies between the food item-wise calorie consumption between the two groups of farmers. The major determinants of household food security were dependency ratio, household size, training exposure, annual household income, knowledge on food and nutrition, and extension sources contact. It is recommended that both government and non-government agricultural extension organisations work together in an effective, transparent, and unbiased manner to reduce food insecurity. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2024-02-23 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202402239639 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 125, No 1 (2024) eng Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s)

oai:jarts.info:article/4163 2020-12-28T07:40:01Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "201118 2020 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Characterisation of productivity and diseases affecting dairy goats in smallholder systems of Greater Thika Region, Kenya Kagucia, Antony Wainaina Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, County Government of Kiambu Kagira, John Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology Department of Animal Sciences http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5513-2113 Maina, Naomi Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Biochemistry Karanja, Simon Muturi Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Public and Community Health Njonge, Francis Kimani Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology Department of Animal Sciences Array The current cross-sectional study aimed at characterising the productivity and diseases affecting dairy goats kept by smallholder farmers in three sub-counties in Thika Region, Kenya. Standard questionnaires were administered to 240 farmers through face-to-face interviews and the outputs were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The farmers mainly kept crosses of Toggenburg (45.9 %), Kenyan Alpine (29.5 %) and Saanen (17.4 %) dairy goats. The average dairy goat flock size was 4.5 (range 1–23) and 77.5 % of the goats were kept for production of milk for domestic consumption. The average milk production per goat per day was 1.26 litres (range 0.5 to 3.5 litres) and was significantly (p 0.05) associated with sub-county of origin, main occupation of the owner, breed, and lactation stages. Goats were mainly fed on napier grass, maize stovers, natural grass and hay; and these feeds did not influence (p 0.05) the milk production levels. The farmers identified helminthosis (84.6 %), pneumonia (32.9 %), coccidiosis (25.8 %) and mastitis (25 %), as the most prevalent goat diseases. In conclusion, the study showed that dairy goat farming in greater Thika Region was characterised by low-input with an objective of provision of milk for home consumption. The observed challenges of low milk productivity and diseases should be addressed by the local extension workers through training on improved husbandry, nutrition and health management of the dairy goats. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2020-12-24 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202010191972 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 121, No 2 (2020) eng Copyright (c) 2020 Authors

oai:jarts.info:article/2738 2017-06-21T12:21:38Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "170418 2017 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Improving non-communicable disease remediation outcomes in Tonga: the importance of domestic fruit production systems: an analysis Underhill, Steven J.R. Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked bag 4, Maroochydore DC 4558, Queensland Australia / Queensland Alliance for Agriculture, Food and Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 4000, Queensland, Australia Singh-Peterson, Lila Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked bag 4, Maroochydore DC 4558, Queensland Australia / Queensland Alliance for Agriculture, Food and Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 4000, Queensland, Australia Array Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are the leading cause of mortality in the Pacific Island nation of Tonga. Current remedial strategies have focused on promoting healthy food choices based on increased intake of fruits and vegetables. While researchers seek to overcome complex social, gender and cultural practices that impede dietary transition, discontinuous domestic fruit supply chains undermine this effort. With the view to supporting a more holistic approach to NCD remediation in Tonga, this paper provides a preliminary assessment of domestic horticultural supply chains constraints, in support of diversification and expansion of local fruit production. Current impediments and constraints to enhanced local fruit production are presented and possible strategies to increased domestic fruit supply discussed. We present a case for a more consumer-centric approach to industry development, with an emphasis on production systems that are compatible with existing social structures, customary land ownership constraints, and local nutritional needs. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2017-01-13 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017010351876 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 118, No 1 (2017) eng Copyright (c) 2017 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS)

oai:jarts.info:article/4 2016-04-04T15:06:57Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Challenges to Organic Farming and Sustainable Land Use in the Tropics and Subtropics Joergensen, Rainer Georg Department of Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition, University of Kassel, Nordbahnhofstr. 1a, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany Array The central aim of Organic Farming is to maintain and improve soil fertility as a means of supporting animal health by species-adapted animal keeping and feeding. These two aims have developed from the basic desire of many human beings to live in harmony with nature, ultimately emanating from a wish to sustain their own health. In industrialised countries of temperate humid climate, diseases of modern civilisation have been developing at an alarming rate. One of the main reasons is excessive and incorrect nutrition, resulting from alienation in preparing and making our own foodstuffs. In this respect, food procurement today looks at qualitative aspects, i.e. at changes in nutritional habits, especially at a reduction of excessive meat consumption, but also at taking precautionary action to ensure that foodstuffs are free of pathogenic agents and harmful substances. In many tropical and subtropical regions, man is not supplied with sufficient amounts of food. In this context food procurement means protection against hunger and help in the daily fight for survival. This means that the main focus is on quantitative aspects of food production. However, the risks of intensive farming also have a completely different magnitude in tropical and subtropical regions due to the much more frequent occurrence of acute poisoning after the improper use of pesticides (Castillo, X., 2000). Organic Farming tries to meet the demands of man in temperate humid as well as in tropical and subtropical regions and to provide something of a unifying element. The tension between these different demands and the resulting exciting discussion is a specific feature of our faculty ”Ecological Agricultural Sciences” in Witzenhausen, with its strong roots in both Sustainable Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture and in Organic Farming. In the view of a soil biologist, who tends to consider the aspects of soil fertility, the basic principles of Organic Farming mainly rely on the efficient and careful use of natural resources in all climatic regions (Paoletti, M.C. et al., 1993; Lavelle, P. et al., 1999). Under temperate humid climatic conditions, Organic Farming is especially devoted to protection against environmental pollution. Under tropical and subtropical climates, the possibilities of human intervention are enormously restricted due to the environmental conditions, e.g. nutrient deficiency of many soils or the drought of the climate, even if sufficient mineral fertilizers were available (Prasad, R. and Power, J.F., 1997). A characteristic feature of Organic Farming is the attempt to integrate problems into a systematic approach, to resist the temptation of simple solutions in mono-causal reason-effect-relationships, e.g. in finding a soil biological reference number that gives a fertilizer recommendation with a constant value. The euphoria in the use of molecular biological methods in the area of gene technology generates the suspicion that scientists search with complex methods for apparently simple solutions. This leads to the expectation that crop yields can be miraculously increased, for example, by introducing and switching on a gene. Problems are dealt with by taking immediate action, leading to fast and furious campaigns. Tackling problems in a systematic way, often called a holistic approach, entails the inherent risk that a specific topic will be dealt with very superficially. It is a major problem that the transfer of knowledge from temperate humid to tropical/ subtropical regions is impossible or seriously restricted. The use of easily-soluble mineral P-fertilizers is n ot really useful in P-fixing soils regularly occurring in large areas of tropical and subtropical regions (Castillo, X., 2000). Through promotion of soil microorganisms, e.g. by suitable soil organic matter management, P is much better held in biological cycles. However, knowledge about the control mechanisms of biological processes in tropical and subtropical soil is very sparse, especially considering the observation that the composition of the microbial decomposer community differs enormously in tropical and subtropical soils from those in humid temperate regions (Rees, R.M. et al., 1999). Not only is available knowledge regarding the large diversity of the tropical and subtropical regions restricted, but the realization of the farmers themselves is also hampered by quite different problems to those experienced in industrialised temperate humid regions. The cultural and political conditions, for instance with regard to property rights and the level of education, mean that the transfer of scientific knowledge can often only take place within very close limits (Bolanos, M.F., 2000). While the profession of a farmer requires an academic education in some countries of the European Union, land-using persons in tropical and subtropical regions are often very poorly educated, often lacking the most basic reading and writing skills. This problem is becoming increasingly serious with the increasing disappearance of rural traditions. A special advantage of Organic Farming is the fact that it always takes the social and political environment of human beings into consideration and not only the production of foodstuffs. Even more important for the development of sustainable agriculture in the tropics and the subtropics is the future oriented character of Organic Farming. In setting itself current limits in the means of production, its outlook into the future is unlimited. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2002-11-01 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/4 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 103, No 2 (2002) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/567 2018-06-20T09:14:40Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "130809 2013 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Determinants of crop diversity and composition in Enset-coffee agroforestry homegardens of Southern Ethiopia Abebe, Tesfaye Hawassa University Ethiopia Array Households in much of the tropics depend for their livelihoods on the variety and continued production of food and other products that are provided by their own farms. In such systems, maintenance of agrobiodiversity and ensuring food security are important for the well being of the population. The enset-coffee agroforestry homegardens of Southern Ethiopia that are dominated by two native perennial crops, Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) and Enset (Enset ventricosum Welw. Cheesman), are examples of such agricultural systems. This study was conducted in Sidama administrative zone of Southern Ethiopia to determine the factors that influence the diversity and composition of crops in the systems. Data were collected from 144 sample homegardens selected from four districts. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to relate indices of crop diversity and area share of major crops with the physical and socioeconomic factors. The study revealed that socioeconomic factors, mainly proximity to markets, affected negatively crop species richness. The production area of the main crops enset and coffee decreased with increasing proximity to market and road while that of maize and khat increased. At household level, farm size had a significant effect on area share of enset and coffee. As farm size increased the share of the cash crop, coffee increased but that of the staple, enset declined. Enset, which is the backbone of the system in terms of food security, is declining on small farms and the share of monoculture maize system is increasing. The trend towards declining agrobiodiversity, and reduction in the production area of the main perennial crops and their gradual replacement with monoculture fields could make the systems liable to instability and collapse. As these sites are high potential agricultural areas, intensification can be achieved by integrating high-value and more productive crops, such as fruits, spices and vegetables, while maintaining the integrated and complex nature of the systems. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2013-08-09 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2013030542580 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 114, No 1 (2013) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/89 2016-04-06T08:12:07Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Integrated Use of Farmyard Manure and NP fertilizers for Maize on Farmers’ Fields Negassa, Wakene Bako Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 03, West Shoa, Ethiopia Gebrekidan, Heluf Alemaya University, P.O. Box 04, Ethiopia Friesen, D. K. CIMMYT, P.O. Box 25171, Nairobi, Kenya Array A study was initiated in 1997 to introduce the culture of supplementing low rates of NP fertilizers with farmyard manure (FYM) in the maize based farming system of western Oromia. The treatments were 0/0, 20/20, 40/25 and 60/30 kg N/P ha−1 and 0, 4, 8, and 12 t FYM ha−1 in factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experiment was conducted at Laga Kalla, Walda, Shoboka, Harato, and Bako Research Center using BH-660 hybrid maize. The FYM used for the experiment was well decomposed under shade and spot applied together with the P fertilizer at planting; N was applied in split form. The residual effects of FYM were investigated for Laga Kalla, Walda and Shoboka during the 1998 cropping season. Statistical analysis revealed that the N/P fertilizers and FYM significantly (p 0.05) increased grain yield in all locations except for Walda in 1997. Interactions of FYM and NP fertilizer rates were significant (p ≤ 0.05) at all locations except for Shoboka. The application of FYM alone at rates of 4, 8, and 12 t ha−1 produced average grain yields of 5.76, 5.61 and 5.93 t ha−1, respectively, compared to 3.53 t ha−1 for the control treatment in 1997. There were significant residual effects of FYM and NP fertilizers applied in 1997 on maize grain yields in 1998. Laboratory analysis confirmed that considerable amounts of macronutrients and small amounts of micronutrients were supplied by FYM. Based on the results of this study, the integrated use of properly managed FYM and low rates NP fertilizers could be used for maize production in the areas under consideration. Moreover, sole applications of FYM on relatively fertile soils like Walda and Harato are useful in maintaining soil fertility and are encouraging for resource poor farmers. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2005-11-01 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/89 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 106, No 2 (2005) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/5251 2023-11-02T13:28:12Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "230613 2023 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Economic evaluation of biological nitrogen fixation in flooded rice cultivation in subtropical lowlands Wander, Alcido Elenor Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) http://www.embrapa.br https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9656-8773 Mattos, Maria Laura Turino Embrapa Temperate Climate https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2221-0506 Array This study aimed to assess the economic viability of biological nitrogen fixation in flood rice cultivation in subtropical lowlands. A field experiment of seven treatments was carried out during the cropping seasons 2015/16, 2017/18, 2018/19 and 2019/20 at the Lowland Experimental Station of Embrapa, in Pelotas, RS, Brazil. The evaluated treatments were: (1) negative control (without N and inoculant); (2) positive control with recommended N-fertilization (120 kg N ha-1, without inoculant) (standard recommendation); (3) inoculant 1 (accessions CMM 174 + CMM 175 + CMM 179); (4) inoculant 2 (accessions CMM 176 + CMM 197 + CMM 205); (5) combination of reduced N-fertilizer doses (90 kg N ha-1) + inoculant 1; (6) combination of reduced N-fertilizer doses (90 kg N ha-1) + inoculant 2; and (7) commercial inoculant [Azospirillum brasilense (strains Ab-V5 and Ab-V6)]. A partial budget was used to compare evaluated treatments with the standard recommendation regarding nitrogen fertilisation. Inoculant 2 composed of bacterial accessions CMM 176 (Rhizobium sp.), CMM 197 (Bacillus sp.) and CMM 205 (Aeromicrobium sp.) combined with reduced mineral nitrogen fertilisation [90 kg N ha-1 (applied in top dressing)] demonstrates the best agroeconomic efficiency in the production of irrigated rice in subtropical lowlands with the cultivar BRS Pampa. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2023-02-21 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202306128202 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 124, No 1 (2023) eng Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s)

oai:jarts.info:article/3981 2020-07-08T15:19:55Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "200507 2020 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Income diversification trough animal husbandry for smallholder vanilla farmers in Madagascar Kunz, Stefanie Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Georg-August-Universität Göttingen and Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen Hänke, Hendrik Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Develop-ment, Research Unit Environmental- and Resource Economics, Platz der Göttinger Sieben 5, 37073 Göttingen Schlecht, Eva Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Georg-August-Universität Göttingen and Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5420-2893 Array The SAVA region in northeastern Madagascar is the largest vanilla producing area globally. Here, we investigated the role of animal husbandry (AH) for income diversification of small-scale vanilla farmers. To do this, 300 household heads were interviewed about livestock ownership, management and marketing. This information was complemented by data from 1800 households (HHs) on involvement in vanilla production (VP) and AH. Throughout the region, 83 % of HHs produced vanilla and 84 % kept livestock. Chicken-keeping (72 %) was most prominent, followed by keeping zebus (42 %), ducks (22 %) and pigs (13 %). A moderate correlation existed between VP and AH in general (r=0.356; p 0.01) and between VP and chicken-keeping (r=0.324; p 0.05), but none between VP and zebu or pig-keeping. Buying, fattening and reselling one zebu cattle yielded a price span of 9 % relative to the purchasing price, while a plus of 275 % was achieved for purchasing, fattening and reselling a pig. For chicken and ducks, the respective increase in monetary value amounted to 33 % and 49 %. Relating these price spans to the total annual income of a vanilla-producing HH revealed a potential income contribution of AH of up to 18.4 % in case of selling offspring from own cattle and 5 % or less for selling a pig or a chicken. Against the current high vanilla prices, small-scale AH is therefore an only moderately effective income diversification strategy for vanilla farmers in the SAVA region but might contribute to food security. However, in situations of low to intermediate vanilla prices AH most likely plays a more important role and might increase vanilla farmers´ resilience to income shocks. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2020-07-08 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202004061143 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 121, No 1 (2020) eng Copyright (c) 2020 Authors

oai:jarts.info:article/71 2016-04-06T08:39:00Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Comparisons of Production Costs and Profit of Three Different Technology Levels of Papaya Production in Tabasco, Mexico Guzmán-Ramón, E. El Colegio de la Frontera Sur-Unidad Villahermosa, Tabasco, México Gómez Álvarez, R. El Colegio de la Frontera Sur-Unidad Villahermosa, Tabasco, México Pohlan, H. A. Jürgen Universität Bonn, INRES, Auf dem Hügel 6, D-53121 Bonn, Germany, International Consultor Alvarez-Rivero, J. C. Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, División de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Tabasco, Mexico Pat-Fernández, J. El Colegio de la Frontera Sur-Unidad Campeche, México Geissen, V. El Colegio de la Frontera Sur-Unidad Villahermosa, Tabasco, México Array The survey was carried out from September 2006 to January 2007 in three papaya production sites located in main papaya production zones in Tabasco; SE Mexico. There are differences in size of the cultivated area, in the yield of the papaya as well as in production costs and profit, according to the different technology levels in the farming systems: low, medium and high technology cultivation level. The financial evaluations were carried out in three sites with different productive technologies. The comparison of the agronomic and economic traits results for low technology level in: V AN of 2359.00 USD, BCR in 1.9 and an equilibrium point of 3750.00 USD, TIR of 0.25. In order to avoid loses, a quantity of 10714 kg papaya should be sold. In medium technology VAN is 1605.10 USD, BCR is 1.7, TIR 0.20 and the equilibrium point is 12800.00 USD. 36571 kg of papaya should be yearly sold. In high technology level VAN is 11749.40, BCR is 2.73, TIR 0.43 and the equilibrium point is 12187.50 USD, 34821 kg papaya should be sold yearly. The indicators showed that all three levels are profitable and economically viable. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2008-04-30 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/71 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 109, No 1 (2008) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/2305 2018-06-20T09:00:02Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "161003 2016 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc In vitro efficacy of selected medicinal plants from Cholistan desert, Pakistan, against gastrointestinal helminths of sheep and goats Raza, Muhammad Asif Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel and Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Witzenhausen, Germany Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Al Ain Men’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates Younas, Muhammad University of Agriculture, 38040 Faisalabad, Pakistan Schlecht, Eva Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Georg-August-Universität Göttingen and Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen Array Gastrointestinal helminths are a major constraint to small ruminants in extensive husbandry systems of tropical regions. Yet, unavailability, high prices, side effects, and development of parasite resistance often limit the use of synthetic anthelmintics. Traditional medicinal plants might be an effective low-cost alternative. Therefore the in vitro anthelmintic activity of leaf extracts of the ligneous plants Capparis decidua, Salsola foetida, Suaeda fruticosa, Haloxylon salicornicum, and Haloxylon recurvum from Cholistan, Pakistan, was investigated against adult worms of Haemonchus contortus, Trichuris ovis, and Paramphistomum cervi. Various concentrations (from 7.8 to 500 mg dry matter ml^(−1)) of three extracts (aqueous, methanol, and aqueous-methanol) of each plant were tested at different time intervals for their anthelmintic activity via adult motility assay. Plant species (p=0.01), extract type (p=0.001), parasite species (p=0.001), extract concentration (p=0.001), time of exposure (p=0.001) and their interactions (p=0.001) affected the number of immobile or dead helminths. The 50% lethal concentration (LC_(50)) values indicated that the methanol and aqueous-methanol extracts of C. decidua, H. recurvum, and H. salicornicum as well as the methanol extract of S. fruticosa have the potential to be developed into plant-based remedies against the studied helminths. Further studies are needed to investigate the in vivo anthelmintic activity of these extracts, in order to develop effective, cheap and locally available anthelmintics for pastoralists in Cholistan and neighbouring desert regions. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2016-09-20 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016092050900 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 117, No 2 (2016) eng Copyright (c) 2016

oai:jarts.info:article/541 2013-04-16T21:29:09Z jarts:BREV

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "120919 2012 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Korous Khoshbakht & Karl Hammer, 2010: Threatened Crop Species Diversity Gebauer, Jens Fakultät Life-Science Hochschule Rhein-Waal, Kleve Array Korous Khoshbakht Karl Hammer; 2010 Threatened Crop Species Diversity Shahid Beheshti University Press, Tehran, xii + 134 pp., 18 tables, 45 figures, ISBN: 964-457-1800 Khoshbakht’s and Hammer’s book, published in 2010, deals with crop species diversity, an important part of agrobiodiversity research. Extinction, genetic erosion and the reduction of growing areas of many crops have led to today’s situation in which less than 30 crop species have to secure the nutrition of the human world population. The book starts with a six page preface in which the first fundamental question is raised: What happens and will happen to the living by-products of human evolution, the domesticated plants and animals? Furthermore, the six major problems of studying cultivated plants and their decline are presented. Overall the book consists of two main parts. Each starts with an introduction followed by several chapters. Part 1 encompasses threatened species/red list species among crop plants. The introduction is followed by a comprehensive chapter on extinct crop plants. This chapter comprises aspects of mysterious cases, two case studies of extinct crops (Anacyclus officinarum and Bromus mango), the wheat cluster, other extinct Triticum species, and forgotten crops. The second half of part 1 deals with endangered, vulnerable, rare and indeterminate crops and selected wild relatives of crop plants. It also provides a summary of the families and a discussion of vcrop plants which are extinct in the wild but survive on-farm. Part 1 closes with some aspects of genetic erosion and a final overview and tabular summary. The technical quality of the figures is in some cases limited. Indeed, several figures are reproductions from historical sources with a rather poor quality. Part 2 tackles threatened species/red list species among ornamental plants. It contains a very clear structure with an introduction followed by five chapters on extinct, endangered, vulnerable, rare and indeterminate ornamental plants. In each chapter a list of species and their families is provided. Totally estimated 7,000 crop plants and 28,000 ornamental plants exist, altogether 4,700 species are threatened using the red list approach. Only the scientific names of the species are listed in the book’s index. For readers who are not so familiar with threatened species, details of the plant species on the book cover would have been useful. About 700 species of threatened cultivated plants (incl. ornamentals) are enumerated in this booklet, ten of which can be classified as definitely extinct. This book is an important contribution to the field of agrobiodiversity.It contains a bibliography of 23 pages and provides essential knowledge on the extinction and genetic erosion in cultivated plants. Such works are valuable contributions to understanding and hopefully slowing down the current decline in the numbers of crops and their infraspecific diversity. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2012-09-19 13:46:28 Non-refereed Book Review application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/541 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 113, No 1 (2012) eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/download/541/1692 Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/5846 2025-06-10T08:34:54Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "250528 2025 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Cattle farming practices, trait preferences and breeding failures in smallholder cattle farming in Hambantota, Sri Lanka Mohamed Thariq, Mohamed Gazzaly Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, South Eastern Univeristy of Sri Lanka https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4348-0396 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4348-0396 Vidana Pathiranage, Gayani Malka Department of Biosystems Technology Faculty of Technology South Eastern University of Sri Lanka Hussain, Tanveer Department of Biological Sciences, Virtual University of Pakistan, Rawalpindi campus. Array Cattle productivity can be significantly enhanced through breed improvement, but farmers’ trait preferences must be considered when improving the genetic make-up of local cattle breeds. This study investigated the breeding practices, trait preferences, and factors contributing to breeding failures among cattle farmers in the Hambantota district, Sri Lanka. Data were collected using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire administered to 200 randomly selected smallholder cattle farmers from all the veterinary regions in the Hambantota district. The analysis revealed that 52%, 34% and 14% of the farmers had an extensive, semi-intensive or an intensive farming system, respectively. All the famers (99.5%) practised crossbreeding system while natural service was the predominant breeding method. Traits i.e., milk yield, body size, calf survival, heat tolerance, disease and tick resistance, and calving interval affected (p0.001) the selection of a cattle breed with the highest mean ranking value for milk yield. Feed shortage, harsh environmental conditions, improper application of artificial insemination, inadequate housing, predator attacks, poor veterinary services, limited knowledge in breeding and heat sign detection contributed to breeding failures (p0.001). In the extensive and semi-intensive systems, feed scarcity, harsh environmental conditions, and predator attacks contributing to breeding failures are inherent in rural smallholder cattle production in Hambantota district. The study recommends that future cattle breeding programmes need to prioritise milk yield without compromising body size, calf survival, heat tolerance, disease and tick resistance, and calving interval. Regular and expanded veterinary services also need to be prioritised. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2025-01-15 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/kobra-2025052211167 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 126, No 1 (2025) eng Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s)

oai:jarts.info:article/6263 2026-04-16T19:44:34Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "260205 2026 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Evaluating the impact of home gardening and nutrition education on haemoglobin levels, dietary diversity, and mid-upper arm circumference in Mbororo women: Case of Northwest region, Cameroon Ebile, Pride Anya University of Maryland, Agriculture & Food Systems (AgFS), University of Maryland Extension College of Agriculture and Natural Resources and, Farm Economics and Ecosystem Services, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) e.V., Müncheberg, Germany https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1135-3982 Ndambi, Asaah Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Netherlands https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8563-2805 Stuetz, Wolfgang Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Food Biofunctionality, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8011-5849 Brulé, Mathieu Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8111-5330 Ndah, Hycenth Tim Institute of Social Sciences in Agriculture (430a), Department of Communication and Advisory Services in Rural Areas. Stuttgart, Germany https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8136-6922 Schuler, Johannes Farm Economics and Ecosystem Services, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) e.V., Müncheberg, Germany https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4944-9613 Array The nutritional status of the Mbororo, a Fulbe minority group in Cameroon’s Northwest Region, is often inadequate. This cross-sectional study assessed the impact of a home garden project combined with nutrition education on the nutritional status of Mbororo women, using dietary diversity score (DDS), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and haemoglobin levels as indicators. Data were collected from 70 healthy, non-pregnant Mbororo women aged 65 years or younger. These women were randomly selected from communities with and without home gardens. Women in home garden communities had significantly higher mean DDS (5.4 ± 0.9) than those in non-garden communities (4.2 ± 0.7; p = 0.001), indicating improved dietary quality. However, no significant differences were found in MUAC or haemoglobin levels between groups. Anaemia prevalence across all communities was 52.9%, a severe public health concern, with 27.1% of women underweight and 15.8% overweight, highlighting the double burden of malnutrition. While home gardens improved dietary diversity, they did not resolve broader nutritional challenges. The study concludes that addressing malnutrition in minority communities requires integrated, nutrition-sensitive interventions. These should include nutrition education, home gardening alongside small-scale livestock rearing and fish farming to enhance access to iron-rich foods and diversify nutrient sources. Such approaches are vital for improving long-term nutrition and health outcomes in underserved populations like the Mbororo. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2026-01-15 14:28:20 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/kobra-2026011411804 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 127 (2026) eng Copyright (c) 2026 Author(s)

oai:jarts.info:article/4951 2023-02-21T20:51:31Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "221220 2022 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Prevalence of bovine mastitis and antimicrobial sensitivities of the bacterial causes in smallholder farms of Kisumu County, Kenya Ndirangu, Peter Njuguna KALRO Veterinary Research Institute, Muguga, P.O. Box 32-00902 Kikuyu Kipronoh, Alexander Kipruto KALRO Dairy Research Institute, Naivasha, P.O. Box 25-20117 Naivasha Mungube, Erick Ouma KALRO Veterinary Research Institute, Muguga, P.O. Box 32-00902 Kikuyu Ogali, Irene Nafula KALRO Veterinary Research Institute, Muguga, P.O. Box 32-00902 Kikuyu Omwenga, Sam Gichaba KALRO Veterinary Research Institute, Muguga, P.O. Box 32-00902 Kikuyu Ndung'u, David Njoroge KALRO Veterinary Research Institute, Muguga, P.O. Box 32-00902 Kikuyu Maichomo, Monicah Waihenya KALRO Veterinary Research Institute, Muguga, P.O. Box 32-00902 Kikuyu Array Prevalence of bovine mastitis in Kisumu County, risk factors and antibiotic sensitivities of the causative bacteria were determined in this cross-sectional study. Sub-clinical mastitis (SCM) was diagnosed using California Mastitis Test (CMT). Risk factors were identified through the administration of 64 questionnaires and assessment of 134 lactating cows. Bacteria were identified by culturing 72 CMT-positive udder quarter milk samples and their sensitivities to antibiotics investigated using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test. Only SCM was detected and had cow level prevalence of 33% (44/134). Prevalence of SCM was significantly (p0.05) higher in cows under complete and semi-zero grazing systems, at mid lactation, those pregnant and with parity of 1-3.  Staphylococcus species was the most common (63.8%, n=58) isolate. Other isolates were E. coli (13.8%), Streptococcus species (12.1%) and Pseudomonas (5.2%). Staphylococcus and Streptococcus isolates were 100% sensitive to streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamycin and chloramphenicol. Additionally, Streptococcus species were 100% sensitive to ampicillin, tetracycline and cotrimoxazole. Staphylococcus species had developed varying levels of resistance against sulphamethoxazole, cotrimoxazole, ampicillin and tetracycline. Streptococcus species was 100% resistant to sulfamethoxazole. A significantly high SCM prevalence was reported in this study thus an appropriate control strategy is needed that consists of awareness creation, good milking hygiene practices, teat disinfection, regular screening for SCM and preventing spread of mastitis in the herd by milking infected cow(s) last.     German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2022-12-30 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202212057194 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 123, No 2 (2022) eng Copyright (c) 2022 Author(s)

oai:jarts.info:article/3538 2020-01-13T13:30:22Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "191217 2019 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Responses of Filipino farmers to harsh weather phenomena: A risk perception and attitude study Veridiano de Castro, Nicole Alexia Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Advanced Education Program, Quyết Thắng, Thai Nguyen Dagamac, Nikki Heherson A. University of Greifswald Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology Tapia, Maricel A. University of the Philippines Los Baños Department of Social Forestry and Forest Governance, College of Forestry and Natural Resources Array Small-scale farmers, whose livelihood and food security greatly depends on farming, are constantly exposed and vulnerable to the risks of extreme weather events. The current study explored how the perception and attitude on agricultural risks of small-scale farmers from the upland, lowland and waterside ecosystems in Siniloan, Laguna in Philippines influence the way they respond and cope with extreme weather events. The study employed quantitative and qualitative data collection methods particularly farm surveys, focus group discussions, key informant interviews and secondary data from the office of the municipal agriculturist. The small-scale farmer-respondents recognised that they were exposed and at risk of extreme weather events and perceived climate as a major farming risk (85 %). However, pest and diseases (not climate) was perceived as the biggest risk to their production (94 %). The respondents had a risk-neutral attitude towards extreme weather events and tended to have ‘band-aid’ solutions to the impacts and tolerated the outcome. Based on correlation, the perceptions and attitudes of the small-scale farmers were influenced by socioeconomic factors that generally identified the experiences, roles and spending power of the farmer namely age, education, household size, income, land ownership, farm size and farming experience. The risk perception and risk attitude on various extreme weather events influenced the small-scale farmers’ agricultural practices, such as farm decisions. Therefore, risk perception, risk attitude and socioeconomic factors of the farmers are important factors to consider in risk management strategies for the local agricultural sector of the Philippines. Raising awareness and education on effective adaptation strategies and improved climate forecasting are recommended to minimize losses from extreme weather events. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2019-12-02 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20191212866 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 120, No 2 (2019) eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/download/3538/11939 Copyright (c) 2019 Authors

oai:jarts.info:article/61 2016-04-06T08:04:55Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Response of Sesbania Green Manuring and Mungbean Residue Incorporation on Microbial Activities for Sustainability of a Rice-Wheat Cropping System Tilak, K. V. B. R. Institut für Pflanzenbau und Tierhygiene in den Tropen und Subtropen, Georg-August-Universität, Grisebachstr. 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, Email: tilakkvbr@yahoo.com Array The microbial population and its biomass and nitrogenase activity in plant roots under sandy-clay-loam soil conditions where the plant residues of Sesbania rostrata and mungbean (Vigna radiata) were incorporated were significantly higher than that obtained from summer fallow. The increases in yield of rice and wheat and the total nitrogen content in shoot and grain was also perceptible by the application of green manuring. The results highlight the importance of green manuring in rice-wheat cropping systems under tropical sandy-clay-loam soil conditions of India. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2004-11-01 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/61 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 105, No 2 (2004) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/1902 2018-06-20T09:04:03Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "160425 2016 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc The role of institutions as actors influencing Uganda’s cassava sector Mutyaba, Cedric National Agricultural Research Laboratories (NARL), Post-Harvest Research Programme, P.O. Box 7065, Kampala, Uganda Lubinga, Moses Herbert Agricultural Research Council, Agricultural Economics and Capacity Development Division, Pretoria 0001, South Africa Ogwal, Richard O. National Agricultural Research Laboratories (NARL), P.O. Box 7065, Kampala, Uganda Tumwesigye, Steven National Agricultural Research Laboratories (NARL), Food Bioscience Research Center, P.O. Box 7065, Kampala, Uganda Array We aim at mapping out a detailed framework that reveals the proportionate flow of cassava and its products along the value chain (VC). Furthermore, we aim at establishing the role of institutions and the linkages between institutions and other VC actors that influence the cassava VC in Uganda. We use both primary and secondary data obtained from four regions in Uganda. Results show that farmers, processors, transporters, traders, consumers and institutions are the major actors. There are four categories of institutions, viz, government, non-government, community based organisations and international agencies. Roles performed by institutions include: development and enforcement of policies, Research and Development (RD), capacity building, and creation of market access linkages for cassava and its products. Findings reveal that there is no clear nexus and no coordination among farmers/producers, processors, traders, transporters and consumers. However, institutions are well coordinated and play various roles along the VC to influence the dynamics of actors. Policy-wise it is important to establish strong private-public partnerships to bridge the impaired linkages between the actors (farmers/producers, processors, traders, transporters, and consumers) and institutions. Strong partnerships are envisaged to reduce the associated transaction costs amongst the actors. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2016-01-15 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016020149824 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 117, No 1 (2016) eng Copyright (c) 2016

oai:jarts.info:article/351 2013-04-16T21:30:37Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "120612 2012 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Factors influencing a conversion to organic farming in Nepalese tea farms Karki, Lokendra Community Development and Research Center, Kathmandu, Nepal Schleenbecker, Rosa Department of Agricultural and Food Marketing, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany Hamm, Ulrich Department of Agricultural and Food Marketing, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany Array Organic agriculture in developing countries has increased in past decades especially due to the high demand of organic products in developed countries. The rate of conversion to organic production in Nepal, however, is observed much slower than expected. This study investigates factors that determine the conversion to organic production using Nepalese tea producers as a case study. A survey of 181 farmers was conducted in the Ilam and Panchthar district of Nepal, among which 86 were organic farmers and 95 were conventional farmers. A discriminant analysis was used to identify socio-economic characteristics that distinguish conventional and organic farmers. Results from the estimated discriminant function suggest that farmers located in a distance from regional markets, older in age, better trained, affiliated with institutions and having larger farms are more likely to adopt organic production. Similarly, a factor analysis shows that environmental awareness, bright market prospects, observable economic benefit and health consciousness are the major factors influencing farmers’ decisions on the conversion to organic production. While planning programs for the development of the organic tea sector in Nepal, policy makers should consider the support of farmers’ institutions, provision of training to farmers and raise farmers’ awareness about the environmental, economic and health benefits of organic farming. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2012-06-12 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012011740355 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 112, No 2 (2011) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/5896 2025-06-10T08:34:54Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "250128 2025 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Growth promoting and health enhancing effects of aged palm sap-enriched activated biochar in broiler nutrition Ohanaka, Albert Uzochukwu Chinenye Federal University of Technology Owerri, Nigeria http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2705-7640 Ohanaka, Judith Nkechinyere NILE UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, ABUJA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1936-2306 Nwogu, Chinwe Mary University of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Umuagwo, Imo State, Nigeria. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1518-4802 Ogbuewu, Ifeanyi Princewill Federal University of Technology, Owerri https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4895-7867 Etuk, Idorenyin Friday Federal University of Technology Owerri https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2064-9379 Okoli, Ifeanyi Charles Federal University of Technology Owerri https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8988-9496 Array This study aimed to assess the impact of aged palm sap-enriched activated biochar (AC+APS) supplementation on the growth performance, carcass yield, haematological parameters and biochemical indices of broilers. Two hundred and forty (240) male day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were assigned to five dietary treatment groups with six (6) replicates in a completely randomized design (CRD). The control group was fed a basal diet (A0) containing no additives. Groups A1 and A2 were fed a basal diet containing activated biochar (AC) at 0.50 and 1.00%, respectively, while groups A3 and A4 were fed a basal diet containing 0.50 and 1.00% activated biochar enriched with aged palm sap (AC+APS), respectively during an experimental period of 6 weeks.  The results revealed significant (p0.05) improvements in growth performance in 0.50% AC+APS-supplemented broilers compared to those in the AC-supplemented or control group during the finisher and overall production stages. The effect of AC and AC+APS inclusion on average daily feed intake was pronounced (p0.05) only during the finisher (22-42 days) period. All the test groups exhibited similar (p0.05) carcass traits to those of the control group and the treatments had no deleterious effects on organ development. Moreover, the AC+APS additive improved (p0.05) haematopoietic processes / parameters, serum protein profiles, glucose synthesis, and decreased serum enzyme activities while increasing mineral retention in broilers compared to those in the control or AC-supplemented broilers. The 0.50% AC+APS therefore proved to be the most beneficial additive for improving productive and physiological functions in broilers and could be a useful substitute for antibiotic growth-promoting additives in poultry diets. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2025-01-15 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/kobra-2025011410815 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 126, No 1 (2025) eng Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s)

oai:jarts.info:article/4485 2021-12-31T15:56:33Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "211029 2021 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Agricultural risk assessment to enhance the food systems of the Mbororo minority community in the Northwest region of Cameroon Ebile, Pride Anya University of Hohenheim, Department of Crop Science, Crop Physiology of Specialty Crops (340f), Stuttgart, Germany Ndah, Hycenth Tim University of Hohenheim, Department of Communication and Advisory Services in Rural Areas, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany Wünsche, Jens Norbert University of Hohenheim, Department of Crop Science, Crop Physiology of Specialty Crops (340f), Stuttgart, Germany Array Increasing population pressure, coupled with the effects of climate change manifested by longer dry seasons, wildfires, and conflicts, threatens the food systems of minority communities. In the case of the Mbororo minority community of Northwest Region of Cameroon, these threats are exacerbated by already existing problems of marginalisation. This study assesses agricultural risks in the global context of food distribution and gross domestic product that also poses a specific threat to the food system of the Mbororo people. The study aims to (1) assess the types of agricultural risk encountered by the Mbororo community, (2) examine the likelihood and severity of these risks, and (3) appraise local risk management strategies adopted to minimise the negative impacts of these risks on the food system. The study makes use of a mixed method approach for data collection. Findings have revealed animal diseases (83 %), absence of infrastructures (83.6 %), price variation (76.6 %), and drought (75.8 %) as the most encountered risks in the case study area. Especially, drought, political insecurity, pest and rodent, farmer-grazer conflict, and crop and animal diseases emerged as the highest intensity or priority risks with the need for urgent management strategies intervention. Agricultural risk assessment is frequently used to assess and prioritize risks but has hardly been used in the case of minority groups such as the Mbororo community of Northwest Cameroon. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2021-08-04 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202110274959 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 122, No 2 (2021) eng Copyright (c) 2021 Authors

oai:jarts.info:article/3140 2018-07-02T09:22:06Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "180507 2018 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Bionomics of the sweet potato weevil, Cylas puncticollis (Coleoptera: Brentidae) on four different sweet potato varieties in sub-Saharan Africa Adom, Médétissi African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science (ARPPIS), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 68, Accra, Ghana Wilson, David Dama African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science (ARPPIS), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 68, Accra, Ghana; The Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana https://www.ug.edu.gh/ Fening, Ken Okwae African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science (ARPPIS), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 68, Accra, Ghana; Soil and Irrigation Research Centre, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana https://www.ug.edu.gh/ Bruce, Anani Yaovi International Wheat and Maize Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya http://www.cimmyt.org/tag/kenya-en/ Adofo, Kwadwo Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Crops Research Institute (CSIR-CRI), Kumasi, Ghana http://www.cropsresearch.org/ Array Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is an important staple food crop in sub-Saharan Africa. A limiting production factor is infestation by the sweet potato weevil Cylas puncticollis (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Brentidae). The use of host plant resistance is an essential component of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Therefore, the bionomic parameters of C. puncticollis were studied under laboratory conditions (30 ± 1 °C and 75 ± 5 % RH) on four sweet potato varieties commonly grown in Ghana (Apumoden, Ligri, Bohye, and Okumkom) to determine their susceptibility to the pest. There were significant varietal differences between some of the parameters. Egg to adult development time was highest on Okumkom while larval survival, emergence rate, intrinsic rate of increase, and the net reproductive rate were lowest on Bohye. The results of this study indicate that Bohye was the least susceptible variety compared to the other varieties tested and can be used in host plant resistance as part of an IPM programme against C. puncticollis in Ghana. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2018-04-04 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2018010454142 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 119, No 1 (2018) eng Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS)

oai:jarts.info:article/27 2016-04-06T08:16:49Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc A Study on the RAPD and SCAR Molecular Markers of Piper Species Jiang, Shi College of Agriculture, Department of Biotechnology, Henan University of Science & Technology, 471003 Tianjin Road, Jianxi District, Luoyang, Henan province, China. E-mail: shijiang66@21cn.com; shijiang66@126.com; shijiang@mail.haust.edu.cn, Phone: 86 Jianhua, Xin College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China Li, Xin College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China Array In order to compare the genetic relationships among Kava, Pepper and it’s wild relatives and to distinguish Kava from Pepper and it’s wild relatives, we conducted research on Kava by using RAPD and SCAR molecular markers. 20 random primers selected from 80 random primers were used for RAPD amplification to identify the genetic relationships among Kava, Pepper and it’s wild relatives. Total 170 bands were amplified by 20 random primers, in which 20 bands were polymorphic (12%). Cluster analysis grouped the 28 accessions into six groups at similarity coefficient of 0.36, where 6 materials of Kava formed a group, indicating that Kava was distantly relation to Pepper and its wild relatives. Kava had 562 bp and 355 bp specific fragments amplified by primers OPQ- 02 and OPQ-03, respectively, were recycled for cloning and sequencing analysis, and then converted to SCAR markers. Two pairs of specific SCAR primers for Kava, P4.1 and P4.2, P8.1 and P8.2 were designed. PCR amplification of 28 test materials were performed using the two pairs of the specific primers respectively, the specific bands of 562 bp and 355 bp with expected sizes were amplified in 6 Kava materials but not in other materials. The results showed that primers P4.1 and P4.2, P8.1 and P8.2 might be used as specific SCAR primers for Kava germplasm resources identification. This research provided the basis for selecting rootstocks, molecular identification and the fingerprint construction of Kava. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2010-05-03 23:18:50 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/27 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 110, No 2 (2009) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/1620 2014-12-31T17:26:13Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "141231 2014 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Assessing the users’ need for a spatial decision support system of smallholder farming in Kenya Teucher, Mike University of Trier Department VI Spatial and Environmental Science Faculty of Cartography University of Trier D-54286 Germany Hornetz, Berthold University of Trier Department VI Spatial and Environmental Science Faculty of Biogeography D-54286 Germany Jätzold, Ralph University of Trier Department VI Spatial and Environmental Science Faculty of Biogeography D-54286 Germany Mairura, Zachariah Department of Agribusiness and Market Development Ministry of Agriculture Kenya P.O. Box 30028 Nairobi, Kenya Array Accurate data of the natural conditions and agricultural systems with a good spatial resolution are a key factor to tackle food insecurity in developing countries. A broad variety of approaches exists to achieve precise data and information about agriculture. One system, especially developed for smallholder agriculture in East Africa, is the Farm Management Handbook of Kenya. It was first published in 1982/83 and fully revised in 2012, now containing 7 volumes. The handbooks contain detailed information on climate, soils, suitable crops and soil care based on scientific research results of the last 30 years. The density of facts leads to time consuming extraction of all necessary information. In this study we analyse the user needs and necessary components of a system for decision support for smallholder farming in Kenya based on a geographical information system (GIS). Required data sources were identified, as well as essential functions of the system. We analysed the results of our survey conducted in 2012 and early 2013 among agricultural officers. The monitoring of user needs and the problem of non-adaptability of an agricultural information system on the level of extension officers in Kenya are the central objectives. The outcomes of the survey suggest the establishment of a decision support tool based on already available open source GIS components. The system should include functionalities to show general information for a specific location and should provide precise recommendations about suitable crops and management options to support agricultural guidance on farm level. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2014-12-31 18:26:14 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2014121946895 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 115, No 2 (2014) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/122 2016-04-06T10:32:21Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Phases of the phenological of Wistaria floribunda Ergaschewa, G. N. Steinstr. 19, D-37213 Witzenhausen Drauschke, W. Array Phases of the phenological of Wistaria floribunda (Willd.) DC are shown to disclose the perspective dates of the vegetation embracing the phases of flowering (March-April), of ripening of the fruits (October) and of having complete foliage (April-October). The first course of development or ontogeny, the germination, covers a period of 10 – 12 days; the growing phase embraces a period 2 – 3 years and development to maturity from 3 to 5 or 6 years, before the generative phase begins. A huge quantity of seeds is required in the fields in comparison to the cultivation in botanical gardens, where only 50 – 70 % of this demand is needed. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2007-11-01 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/122 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 108, No 2 (2007) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/5124 2024-02-23T09:07:20Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "231121 2023 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Newly implemented crop-livestock-forest systems increase available water and aeration in soils of the Brazilian Savannah Marques Moura, Thamires Instituto Federal Goiano De Melo Carvalho, Marcia Thais Embrapa Rice and Beans https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7472-6408 Stone, Luis Fernando Embrapa Rice and Beans Madari, Beata Emoke Embrapa Rice and Beans de Castro Santos, Darliane Instituto Federal Goiano Moreira Alves, Estenio Instituto Federal Goiano Trogello, Emerson Faustino, Lucas Luis Instituto Federal Goiano Oliveira de Almeida Machado, Pedro Luiz Embrapa Rice and Beans Array There is a growing demand for cropping systems that guarantee food production by improving the use efficiency of natural resources such as soil and water. The crop-livestock-forest (CLF) system is a form of sustainable intensification in which biodiversity and yields are increased on the same area. In this study, the physical-hydric properties of a Ferralsol and Cambisol in Central Brazil within the Savannah biome (Cerrado) were investigated 2 and 1 year after implementation of CLF systems. Soil samples were collected at seven soil depths up to 1 meter deep in CLF systems, within and between rows of trees, in a native forest (NF) and in a non-cultivated pasture, which was used as a reference (P-REF) for comparing soil quality with CLF establishment. Statistical analysis of soil water retention capacity considered two soil layers, 0.0-0.3 and 0.3-1.0 m, using clay and gravel contents as covariates in a mixed model. Main differences were noted within 0.0-0.3 m soil layer. In the Ferralsol, the available water was 0.2-0.3 mm higher in the CLF than in the P-REF, mainly due to an improvement in Theta R and microporosity. The Cambisol, in turn, showed in CLF and in NF a higher aeration capacity by up to 0.3 m3 m-3 than in P-REF, as indicated by the Theta S and macroporosity values. The S index values showed that CLF can improve soil physical quality of light textured soils such as Cambisol in the short term compared to P-REF. This improvement in soil quality is key to sustaining food production under tropical conditions. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2023-11-02 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202311028941 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 124, No 2 (2023) eng Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s)

oai:jarts.info:article/85 2016-04-06T08:10:19Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Plant Species Diversity of Home Gardens in El Obeid, Central Sudan Gebauer, Jens Agricultural Research Corporation, El Obeid Research Station, P.O. Box 429, El Obeid, Sudan (correspondence and current address: Organic Plant Production & Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, Institute of Crop Science, Steinstr. Array Home gardens are very common in El Obeid, but information about plant species diversity and its significance for household food supply is not available. To analyse this, cultivated plants of 81 home gardens were surveyed. The plants studied in the home gardens included those for human consumption such as fruit trees, wild fruit trees and vegetables. In total, 32 plant species were found in the study gardens. The range of species was found, because irrigation is used under semiarid conditions. However, the lack of continuous sufficient irrigation water is the main factor which prevents an increase in species number and species diversity. In general, home garden products are mainly used as supplemental food in households and not sold on local markets. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2005-11-01 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/85 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 106, No 2 (2005) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/6200 2026-01-12T14:09:21Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "251217 2025 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Does guava (Psidium guajava L.) adoption enhance food security and dietary diversity? A neglected fruit crop from northern Ethiopia Kahsay, Shishay Adigrat University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7933-7612 Hadush, Muuz Mekelle University Hailu, Alem Adigrat University Tefera, Ali Mekelle University Gebrehiwot, Kidanemariam Mekelle University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6397-4916 Array This paper aimed to examine the impact of guava adoption on food security and dietary diversity of farm households in northern Ethiopia. This study used 384 sample households, of which 184 and 200 were adopters and non-adopters, respectively. We used an endogenous switching regression model (ESR) in the impact evaluation. From the first stage (selection) of model result, factors such as age of household head, farm size, livestock ownership, access to markets, access to irrigation, household income, and access to extension services significantly influences the likelihood of guava adoption. The result of the second stage of the endogenous switching regression model shows that adoption of guava has significantly enhanced household’s food security (calorie intake) and dietary diversity score, by 2.15% and 37.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the positive sign of transitional heterogeneity effect highlights guava adopters had significantly greater food security status and dietary diversity score. Therefore, this study recommends that the regional government of Tigray should give particular attention to resource-poor farmers by strengthening institutional services, thereby fostering guava adoption as a strategic intervention to address food insecurity. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2025-08-08 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/kobra-2025112411677 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 126, No 2 (2025) eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/download/6200/20489 Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s)

oai:jarts.info:article/4592 2022-10-04T13:14:29Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "220820 2022 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Farmers’ attitudes and perceptions of adoption of agricultural innovations in Kenya: a mixed methods analysis Nyairo, Newton Morara Langston University Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources Pfeiffer, Linda Department of Agricultural Sciences Education and Communication, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA Spaulding, Aslihan Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, USA Russel, Mark Department of Agricultural Sciences Education and Communication, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA Array Attitudes and perceptions are key constructs in decision making. Their nature and influence on agricultural technology adoption among smallholder farmers in Kenya has not been adequately researched. The research applied a mixed methods approach to assess the influence of attitudes and perceptions in adoption of agricultural innovations by smallholder farmers in Kenya. The quantitative phase used a survey (n=245) while the qualitative consisted of focus groups (n=28) to elicit subjective farmer views of innovations. A principal component analysis (PCA) technique reduced 14-attitudes statements to five conceptual clusters: challenges in accessing agricultural innovations (explained 19.09% of the total variance); effectiveness of agricultural technologies (11.88%); enjoyment of agricultural technologies (10.02%); social influence in use of technology (9.47%); and experience with agricultural technologies (8.13%). Qualitative analysis identified key themes: farmer ambivalence about innovations; economic benefits of innovation use; ease of use of technology encouraged adoption; lack of trust; and limited knowledge of innovations. Farmers' positive evaluation of technology did not encourage widespread adoption of innovations. Farmers were found to be poorly equipped to use innovations due to limited access to agricultural information and training supporting the use of innovations. The absence of trust between the farmers and extension agents aggravated the situation. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2022-01-25 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202203085855 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 123, No 1 (2022) eng Copyright (c) 2022 Author(s)

oai:jarts.info:article/3374 2019-11-19T17:17:05Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "191119 2019 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Socio-economic, political, and institutional sustainability of agroforestry in Alta Verapaz, Guatemala Nicli, Sara Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bozen, Italy Mantilla-Contreras, Jasmin Department of Ecology and Environmental Education, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany Moya Fernandez, Roberto Waldemar Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Agrícolas, Universidad Rafael Landívar, San Juan Chamelco, A.V., Guatemala Schermer, Markus Department of Sociology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria Unger, David Gauting, Germany Wolf, Saskia Department of Ecology and Environmental Education, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany Zerbe, Stefan Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bozen, Italy Array Promoting sustainable agricultural practices such as agroforestry (AF) could improve long-term productivity, enhance a sustainable rural livelihood and reduce pressure on natural resources and ecosystems in the tropics. However, AF seems to have adoption problems due to external market forces, lack of skills, financial resources and know-how ending in low flexibility and discontinuity of farmers in practicing AF. The objective of this study is to identify social, institutional, and economic factors that influence the adoption of AF on the household and community level, taking the region Alta Verapaz in Guatemala as a case study. Alta Verapaz is amongst the poorest regions in the country but also a tropical biodiversity hotspot where current agricultural practices are threatening forest environments and social development objectives. Our study explores how capital accessibility and institutional incentives are related to farmer’s livelihood sustainability and AF compositions. The methodology is composed by semi-structured interviews with nineteen farmers and field observations. The interviews have been analysed based on a qualitative content analysis by using the inductive category development. Based on these outcomes, the study found that human and economical capitals are favoured in communities were institutions are present especially through AF training offers, creation of farmers cooperatives and economic incentives. The role of institutions resulted to be crucial in the promotion of organic AF methods, forest protection and creation of long-term income. The combination of agricultural diversification with institutional incentives is one key livelihood strategy adopted by the farmers in order to achieve a socio-economic and ecological sustainability of their households. The further promotion of community forestry projects, expansion of networks and ongoing agricultural trainings as well as the diversification of agricultural systems could be beneficial for farmers in Alta Verapaz. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2019-02-21 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20190613561 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 120, No 1 (2019) eng Copyright (c) 2019 Author(s)

oai:jarts.info:article/52 2016-04-06T08:00:14Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Productivity and Breeding Strategies of Sheep in Indonesia: A Review Sodiq, Akhmad Dept. of Animal Production, University of Jenderal Soedirman, P.O. Box 110 Purwokerto, Central Java, Indonesia Tawfik, Ezzat S. Head of the Department of International Animal Husbandry, University of Kassel, Steinstr. 19, D-37213 Witzenhausen Array There are two distinct types of sheep in Indonesia: thin-tailed and fat-tailed, with some strain differentiation within each. The most important sheep breeds of Indonesia are the Javanese Thin Tail (JTT) and Javanese Fat Tail (JFT) sheep of West and East Java, respectively. Included are strains of thin tailed sheep Sumatra Thin Tailed (STT), Semarang, Garut and the Priangan sheep. The government also introduced some temperate sheep breeds (such as: Merino, Suffolk, Dorset, Suffas, Dormer, St.Croix and Barbados Blackbelly sheep). The purposes of this paper are to review the potential of productivity for local sheep and their crosses with some imported sheep breeds. The concepts of breeding strategies for sheep in Indonesia are also discussed in three parts: (1) evaluation and improvement of local breeds (2) nucleus structure, and (3) gene migration (crossbreeding). German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2004-05-01 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/52 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 105, No 1 (2004) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/1921 2016-06-10T14:36:12Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "160115 2016 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Identifying the factors governing attitude towards the e-Agriservice among dairy farmers in Maharashtra, India Wadkar, Sagar Kisan PMRDF Scheme, Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai, Maharashtra Singh, Khajan Division of Dairy Extension, ICAR – National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana Mohammad, Asif Division of Dairy Extension, ICAR – National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana Malhotra, Ravinder Division of Economics, Statistics and Management, ICAR – National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana Kale, Rajiv Baliram Zonal Project Directorate, Zone VI, CAZRI Campus, Jodhpur, Rajasthan Array Information and communication technology (ICT) projects have a great potential to revolutionise the information delivery system by bridging the gap between farmers and extension personnel. aAQUA (Almost All Questions Answered) portal was launched by the Developmental Informatics Laboratory (DIL) at Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mumbai, Maharashtra, India in 2003 as an information providing system to deliver technology options and tailored information for the problems and queries raised by Indian dairy farmers. To measure the effectiveness of this service the attitudinal dimensions of the users of aAQUA e-Agriservice were investigated using a 22 item scale. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 120 dairy farmers from which data were collected and subjected to factor analysis to identify the underlying constructs in this research. From the attitude items, four components were extracted and named as the pessimistic, utility, technical and efficacy perspective, which influenced the development of varied level of attitudinal inclination towards the e-Agriservice. These components explained 64.40 per cent of variation in the attitude of the users towards the aAQUA e-Agriservice. This study provides a framework for technically efficient service provision that might help to reduce the pessimistic attitude of target population to adopt e-Agriservice in their farming system. The results should also be helpful for researchers, academics, ICT based service providers and policy makers to consider these perspectives while planning and implementing ICT projects. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2016-01-15 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2015111749373 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 117, No 1 (2016) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/216 2013-04-16T21:31:51Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "120113 2012 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Clay pot irrigation for tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) production in the north east semiarid region of Ethiopia Tesfaye, Tibebu Sekota Dryland Agricultural Research Center, Sekota, P.O. Box 62, Ethiopia Tesfaye, Kindie Haramaya University, Haramaya, P. O. Box 134, Ethiopia Woldetsadik, Kebede Haramaya University, Haramaya, P. O. Box 134, Ethiopia Array Water shortage is one of the major constraints for production of horticultural crops in arid and semiarid regions. A field experiment was conducted to determine irrigation water and fertilizer use efficiency, growth and yield of tomato under clay pot irrigation at the experimental site of Sekota Dryland Agricultural Research Center, Lalibela, Ethiopia in 2009/10. The experiment comprised of five treatments including furrow irrigated control and clay pot irrigation with different plant population and fertilization methods, which were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The highest total and marketable fruit yields were obtained from clay pot irrigation combined with application of nitrogen fertilizer with irrigation water irrespective of difference in plant population. The clay pot irrigation had seasonal water use of up to 143.71 mm, which resulted in significantly higher water use efficiency (33.62 kg m-3) as compared to the furrow irrigation, which had a seasonal water use of 485.50 mm, and a water use efficiency of 6.67 kg m-3. Application of nitrogen fertilizer with irrigation water in clay pots improved fertilizer use efficiency of tomato by up to 52% than band application with furrow or clay pot irrigation. Thus, clay pot irrigation with 33,333 plants ha-1 and nitrogen fertilizer application with irrigation water in clay pots was the best method for increasing the yield of tomato while economizing the use of water and nitrogen fertilizer in a semiarid environment. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2012-01-13 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2011101139325 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 112, No 1 (2011) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/5575 2025-01-15T11:38:46Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "241015 2024 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Effects of livelihood diversification on poverty status of rural farming households of Kwara State, Nigeria Ojo, Olanike Alaba Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6155-3459 Olarinoye, Elizabeth Bukola Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria Ojo, Michael Akindele Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4011-4427 Array Over-dependence on agriculture has failed to provide adequate and sustainable livelihoods for rural households. This study assessed the impact of livelihood diversification on the poverty status of rural farming households in Kwara State, Nigeria. Cross-sectional data were collected from 152 farming households over a period of one year using well-structured questionnaires and interview schedules. Descriptive statistics, Shannon diversity index, Foster, Greer and Thorbecke poverty index, fractional logit and probit regression models were used for analysis. Findings revealed that agriculture-related livelihood activities were still the main livelihood strategy in the area. Although farmers in the study area have a wide variety of livelihood options, the different activities carried out by rural households were very similar such as crop farming, fish farming and palm wine tapping which ranked 1st, 2nd and 3rd, respectively. The main determinants of livelihood diversification were age, gender, household size and farming experience. The main determinants of household poverty were access to credit, gender, age and cooperative membership. The main constraints identified were insufficient funds (own capital) for investment, high transport costs, lack of training to acquire skills, and insufficient credit facilities. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the government should organise training courses on asset accumulation for households through extension services. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2024-09-30 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2024093010894 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 125, No 2 (2024) eng Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s)

oai:jarts.info:article/4013 2021-06-29T11:30:55Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "210525 2021 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Choice of savings instruments among rural women maize farmers: evidence from Uganda Mawia, Harriet International Wheat and Maize Improvement Center (CIMMYT) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3481-0891 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3481-0891 Simtowe, Franklin International Wheat and Maize Improvement Center (CIMMYT) Rahut, Dil Bahadur International Centre for Wheat and Maize Improvement (CIMMYT), Kenya Array Households in developing countries employ a wide range of mechanisms for making cash and in-kind (goods and services) savings which are either formal or informal. Yet, literature on how choices about appropriate savings instruments are made remains scanty. We examine the patterns and choice of these saving instruments using household data from women farmers in eastern Uganda. In particular, the paper focuses on the choice between formal cash saving instruments like commercial banks, village savings and loans associations (VSLAs) and savings at home. A multinomial logit model was applied to identify and quantify the effects of socio-economic factors on farmers’ choice of different savings instruments. The results reveal that financial capital and socio-economic factors such as age, education, farm size, and level of maize commercialisation were the critical drivers of women maize farmers’ choices of saving in informal and formal instruments. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2021-02-16 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202104133656 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 122, No 1 (2021) eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/download/4013/14640 Copyright (c) 2021 Authors

oai:jarts.info:article/2861 2018-01-03T17:08:13Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "171215 2017 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc The effect of feeding restriction with cassava flour on carcass composition of broilers Toukourou, Youssouf Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin Republic Issifou, Dassouki Sidi Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin Republic Alkoiret, Ibrahim Traore Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin Republic Paraïso, Armand Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin Republic Mensah, Guy Appolinaire National Agricultural Research Institute of Benin (NARIB), Agricultural Research Centre Agonkanmey, 01 Cotonou, Benin Republic Array In order to promote poultry farming in resource-limited rural areas, the effects of feeding restriction with cassava flour on the carcass composition of broilers was studied. After three weeks on a restrictive diet (step 1), the broilers were re-fed during four weeks according to their physiological needs (step 2). In total, 75 four-weeks old chicks were randomly divided into three lots of 25 subjects. Lot I (control) is fed without cassava flour. The lots II and III are fed with diets containing respectively 10 and 30 % of cassava flour, with energetic and protein density of 85 and 70 % of the control. Eight broilers of each lot have been randomly selected and slaughtered at the end of each step. At the end of the restrictive step, the carcass yields and the weights of the digestive tracts are 67.1, 66.3, and 64.7 % and 178.5, 170.0, and 113.3 g respectively for the lots I, II, and III with a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between lot I and III and then between lots II and III. After 4 weeks of re-feeding, the lots I, II, and III had respectively 69.9, 73.2, and 67.7 % of carcass yield as well as digestive tract weights of 178.3, 180.8, and 156.0 g. The carcass yield had been entirely made up (p ≥ 0.05) to the broilers previously submitted on a restrictive diet. However, the weight of the empty cold carcass was not fully compensated (p ≤ 0.05). German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2017-06-26 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017110153650 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 118, No 2 (2017) eng Copyright (c) 2017 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS)

oai:jarts.info:article/18 2016-04-04T15:23:18Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Milk Yield During the First Four Months of Lactation and Cow Productivity of Brahman and Tuli Beef Cattle in South-East Botswana Chabo, R. G. Dr R. G. Chabo, Department of Animal Science and Production. Botswana College of Agriculture, P/Bag 0027 Gaborone, Botswana Koka, D. C. Department of Animal Science and Production. Botswana College of Agriculture, P/Bag 0027 Gaborone, Botswana Oageng, T. Department of Animal Science and Production. Botswana College of Agriculture, P/Bag 0027 Gaborone, Botswana Array The climate of Botswana because of its semi-aridity, is mostly suitable for livestock farming, especially beef cattle production under extensive grazing conditions. The major indigenous cattle breed is the Tswana, while the Tuli (TT) and Brahman (BB) are popular and increasing in numbers to the cattle population of 2.5 million. In the present study, the TT (n=15) and BB (n=24) breeds were compared for cow productivity and milk production using the weigh-suckle-weigh technique. The TT cows produced more milk than BB cows (12.4 vs 9.2 kg/d) during the first four months of lactation. However, BB cows produced heavier (P0.001) calves at weaning than TT cows (164.8 vs 150.4 kg). Similarly, BB cows produced faster (P0.001) growing calves than TT cows (.69 vs .64 kg/d). Across breeds, calves born earlier in the season had a higher (P0.01) average daily gain (ADG) than those born later in the season (.69 vs .64 kg/d). It is an advantage to producers to have the majority of calves born early in the calving season (September/October) so that calves are bigger and heavier at weaning than those calves born late in the season (November/December). German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2003-05-01 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/18 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 104, No 1 (2003) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/807 2014-08-07T15:42:09Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "140807 2014 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Reciprocal and wage labour in rural Ecuador. A quantitative analysis Vasco, Cristian Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Puyo, Ecuador Array This paper analyses the determinants for rural Ecuadorian households to participate in community works, to exchange labour, and to use paid labour. The results show that participation in community work is more common among indigenous peoples who are more committed with community and live in areas with relatively high population densities. Exchange labour agreements are more common among indigenous households settled in areas where industrial agriculture has not penetrated yet. Instead, paid labour is used by small and educated households which have access to credit. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2014-08-07 17:42:10 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2014020344866 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 115, No 1 (2014) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/105 2016-04-06T10:32:59Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Decision Modelling for the Integration of Woody Plants in Smallholder Farms in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia Krause, Michael Dresden University of Technology, Institute of International Forestry and Forest Products, P.O. Box 1117, D-01735 Tharandt, Germany Uibrig, Holm Dresden University of Technology, Institute of International Forestry and Forest Products, P.O. Box 1117, D-01735 Tharandt, Germany Kidane, Berhane Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organisation, P.O. Box 12643, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia Array Farmers’ perceptions of the utility and the constraints of locally available woody species are assumed to influence the decision-making and the behaviour of tree and shrub integration into current land-use types. Accordingly, the objectives of this study are (1) to analyse farmers’ decisions in making use of woody plants under perceived constraints and (2) to analyse influencing factors that determine the deliberate tree and shrub growing behaviour. The methodology bases on the approaches of the ’Farming Systems’ and the ’Behavioural Decision-Making’. Influence diagrams are constructed incorporating the perceived utility and decision determinants of deliberately grown woody plants. Modelling of the tree adoption behaviour of farmers employs the ’Discriminant Analytical Approach’ taking into account the identified external and internal influencing factors. Results from the decision modelling reveal that woody plants are grown on-farm in view of the perceived utility of the species, predominantly fuelwood and timber-based produce, followed by cash-generation. Service functions pertaining to the protection of land gain secondary importance to the tree produce. Major decision determinants comprise resource-based factors, e.g. the shortage of land and seedlings or competition with agricultural crops, over stochastic-environmental factors. Results of the ’Discriminant Analysis’ confirm that the adoption of trees is characterised by the available resource base, the access to infrastructure and support services as well as by personal characteristics of the farmers. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2007-05-15 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/105 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 108, No 1 (2007) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/5829 2026-01-12T14:09:21Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "250916 2025 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Husbandry practices among peri-urban free-roaming pigs in Gert Sibande District Municipality, Mpumalanga, South Africa Makungo, Priscilla University of South Africa Department of Agriculture, Rural Development, Land and Environmental Affairs https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0074-163X Fasina, Folorunso Oludayo University of Pretoria Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases https://scholar.google.co.za/citations?user=PlqMfBQAAAAJ&hl=en https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3088-8752 Mbajiorgu, Christian Anayochukwu University of South Africa Department of Agriculture and Animal Health https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6612-7982 Oguttu, James Wabwire University of South Africa Department of Agriculture and Animal Health https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6810-4437 Array Interactions at the human-animal-environment interface have increased significantly as a result of globalisation, increased urbanisation, environmental degradation and the growing need for animal-based foods, leading to the growth of peri-urban agriculture. We investigated peri-urban free-roaming pig (FRP) production husbandry practices to identify production constraints in a district municipality in South Africa. Pig farmers (n=124) were identified using snowball technique and interviewed. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS V28.0. Most of the FRP farmers were men (70.2%), aged ≥ 36 years (80.7%), and individuals with ≤ high school education (84.6%). The majority (75.8%) did not have a weaning protocol, and a large proportion (93.5%) conducted peri-urban FRP without permission from the local authority and were not registered for animal identification (72.6%). Over 94.4% of the farms didn’t employ routine disinfection and were unaware of transboundary animal diseases and zoonosis (87.1%). Most pigs in the study area (72.5%) were exotic breeds, or their crosses and most sows (51.6%) farrowed 6-10 piglets per litter. Exotic breeds or their crosses weaned larger litters (11) compared to indigenous breeds. Pigs scavenging in residential areas had a significantly higher risk of theft and accidents. The widespread poor husbandry practices among FRP farmers provides an opportunity to develop tailored risk communication and community engagement materials for farmers and communities. Municipalities should adopt a fit-for-purpose peri-urban livestock policy, with clear incentives and penalties to promote animal identification and good practices. Given the potential for pigs to spread disease to humans, good practices will reduce the risk of humans contracting diseases from animal-derived food. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2025-08-08 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/kobra-2025081111368 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 126, No 2 (2025) eng Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s)

oai:jarts.info:article/4736 2022-10-04T13:14:29Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "220131 2022 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Determinants of sustainable agricultural intensification adoption and impacts on household productivity and consumption in Rwanda Ngango, Jules Department of Economics, College of Business and Economics, University of Rwanda, Rwanda https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9584-5318 Nkurunziza, Fabrice The African Centre of Excellence in Data Science, University of Rwanda, P.O. Box 4285 Kigali, Rwanda. Department of Applied Economics, Institut d'Enseignement Superieur de Ruhengeri, Musanze, Rwanda. Mbaraka, Saidi Rumanzi College of Agriculture, Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (CAVM), University of Rwanda, Rwanda https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6642-0161 Cyamweshi, Athanase Rusanganwa Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board (RAB), P.O. Box 516, Kigali Array Sustainable agricultural intensification (SAI) involves those farming systems that produce in ways that improve or maintain productivity with minimal effects on the environment so that critical farm resources can endure. The objective of this paper is to investigate the determinants and impacts of the adoption of three interdependent sustainable agricultural intensification practices (crop residue retention, minimum tillage, and maize-legume diversification) and their combinations on household productivity and consumption in Rwanda. We used data obtained from a survey of 327 households conducted in 2020 in the districts of Kirehe, Bugesera, and Nyagatare of the Eastern Province. The study uses a multinomial endogenous switching regression model to control for selection bias and endogeneity arising from observable and unobservable factors. The results reveal that the adoption decisions are driven by factors such as education; farm size, livestock ownership; group membership, extension services, soil fertility, slope, and drought stress. The adoption of interdependent and a combination of sustainable agricultural intensification practices increases maize yields, maize income, household total expenditure, and household food expenditure. From a policy perspective, the findings of this study suggest that government and other development partners should promote the adoption of these practices through the provision of extension services that enable farmers to better understand the benefits of alternative sustainable agricultural intensification practices. To increase the adoption of SAI, policies should also geographically target regions that experience frequent droughts and that are characterised by steep slopes and good fertile soils since they determine the need for adoption. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2022-01-25 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202201195571 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 123, No 1 (2022) eng Copyright (c) 2022 Author(s)

oai:jarts.info:article/3527 2019-11-19T17:17:05Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "190607 2019 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Effects of three leafy vegetables on the growth performance of Giant African Snail Achatina (Lissachatina) fulica Amobi, Maduabuchi Inwele Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Kashere, Gombe State, Nigeria Ezewudo, Bede Izuchukwu Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1149-5788 Okpoko, Valentine Obinna Department of Zoology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria Ugokwe, Collins Ugonna Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria Okereke, Henry Nnamdi Department of Veterinary Surgery, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria Array This present research was performed to evaluate the effects of three leafy vegetable diets [bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina), fluted pumpkin leaf (Telfairia occidentalis) and pawpaw leaf (Carica papaya)] on the growth performance of Giant African Snail (Achatina fulica). A total of ninety (90) A. fulica were used for the study. Thirty (30) snails each were subjected to three different dietary treatments in three replicates of 10 snails per replicate and fed with the fresh leaves of these vegetables over a period of 12 weeks. Results obtained recorded no significant differences (P  0.05) in terms of weight gain, shell length, shell circumference and shell thickness. On the whole, A. fulica fed on T. occidentalis leaf performed better in terms of mean weight gain when compared with those fed on V. amygdalina and C. papaya leaves. Conversely, snails fed on C. papaya leaf had the best mean shell length gain, mean shell circumference and mean shell thickness when compared with those fed on V. amygdalina and T. occidentalis leaves. The study clearly showed that the tested vegetables can be successfully utilised as diets for rearing of A. fulica. For farmers to achieve optimum productivity, Telfairia occidentalis and Carica papaya leaves are recommended in the dietary menus of snails while bitter leaf can successfully serve as an alternative to the other leaves. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2019-02-21 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20190219195 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 120, No 1 (2019) eng Copyright (c) 2019 Author(s)

oai:jarts.info:article/41 2016-04-06T08:34:06Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Effects of Biomass Ashes on Plant Nutrition in Tropical and Temperate Regions Lopez, Raul Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Granma, Bayamo 85100, Cuba Padilla, Ernesto Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Granma, Bayamo 85100, Cuba Bachmann, Silvia Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Germany Eichler-Loebermann, Bettina Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Germany, E-mail: bettina.eichler@uni-rostock.de Array The drastic rise of prices for commercial fertilizers is one of the main obstacles to increase the productivity in crop production, mainly in poor countries. The search for alternatives therefore becomes very important. The reutilization of residues from bionergy processes for plant nutrition is an important concern to save fertilizers and to implement nutrient cycling in agriculture. For this study ashes derived from bioenergy production were investigated. The effect of sugar cane ash (SCA) on lettuce and cucumber was investigated in Cuba and the effects of ashes from wood (WA), poultry litter (PLA), and rape meal (RMA) on ryegrass and oil radish were investigated in Germany. Special attention was given to phosphorus (P) availability. Positive yield effects and an increased plant P uptake were found when ashes were applied (mainly SCA and RMA). Investigation regarding the effect of PLA on soil P pools showed that the ash application may also result in an increase of readily available P contents in soil. Furthermore, an increased plant uptake of potassium was found. The results indicate that ashes derived from the energetic use of biomass may provide a suitable source for plant nutrition. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2009-04-30 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/41 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 110, No 1 (2009) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/776 2015-11-25T15:46:39Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "150908 2015 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Effect of planting methods and cyanobacterial inoculants on yield, water productivity and economics of rice cultivation Shahane, Amit A. Agronomy Division, Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi -110012, INDIA Singh, Yudh Vir Center for Conservation and Utilization of BGA Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India Kumar, Dinesh Principal Scientist (Agronomy) Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi -110012, INDIA Prasanna, Radha Div. Microbiology Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi -110012, INDIA Chakraborty, Debashish Division of Agril Physics Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi -110012, INDIA Array The impact of two crop planting methods and of the application of cyanobacterial inoculants on plant growth, yield, water productivity and economics of rice cultivation was evaluated with the help of a split plot designed experiment during the rainy season of 2011 in New Delhi, India. Conventional transplanting and system of rice intensification (SRI) were tested as two different planting methods and seven treatments that considered cyanobacterial inoculants and compost were applied with three repetitions each. Results revealed no significant differences in plant performance and crop yield between both planting methods. However, the application of biofilm based BGA bio-fertiliser + 2/3 N had an overall positive impact on both, plant performance (plant height, number of tillers) and crop yield (number and weight of panicles) as well as on grain and straw yield. Higher net return and a higher benefit-cost ratio were observed in rice fields under SRI planting method, whereas the application of BGA + PGPR + 2/3 N resulted in highest values. Total water productivity and irrigation water productivity was significantly higher under SRI practices (5.95 and 3.67 kg ha^(-1) mm^(-1)) compared to practices of conventional transplanting (3.36 and 2.44), meaning that using SRI method, water saving of about 34 % could be achieved and significantly less water was required to produce one kg of rice. This study could show that a combination of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in conjunction with BGA and 2/3 dose of mineral N fertiliser can support crop growth performance, crop yields and reduces overall production cost, wherefore this practices should be used in the integrated nutrient management of rice fields in India. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2015-08-19 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2015061048464 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 116, No 2 (2015) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/70 2013-04-16T21:33:59Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "100907 2010 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Pharmaceutical consumption and residuals potentially relevant to nutrient cycling in Greater Accra, Ghana Germer, Jörn Department of Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim, Germany, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany Sinar, Evren Department of Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Array Recycling nutrients form sanitary wastes back into agricultural ecosystems offers an option to alleviate soil depletion in regions where the use of mineral fertiliser is limited. Exemplary nutrient and water cycling approaches, including collection, treatment and use of human urine, are established at Valley View University (VVU) in Greater Accra, Ghana. Concerns have been recently raised in regard to fate and impact of pharmaceutical residues in soils and interlinked environment. To evaluate in how far emerging knowledge can be transposed onto VVU, urban and rural environments in Greater Accra, spatial disease occurrence and drug consumption patterns were studied. Malaria has been found to represent the most severe health burden in Ghana, but there is also a high prevalence of infectious diseases. Drugs consumed in great quantities and in respect to their residual loads potentially problematic in the environment belong to therapeutic groups of: antibiotics, analgesics, drugs for diabetes, antimalarials, cardiovascular drugs and anthelmintics. Drug consumption revealed to be highest in urban and lowest in rural areas. At VVU the range of consumed drugs is comparable to urban areas except for the negligible use of diabetes and cardiovascular medication as well as contraceptives. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2010-09-07 17:57:40 Peer-reviewed Article application/x-pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2010082734343 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 111, No 1 (2010) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/5603 2025-03-26T14:30:34Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "240704 2024 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Sustainable management practices and soil quality in strawberry cultivation in Norte de Santander, Colombia Gonzalez-Pedraza, Ana Francisca University of Pamplona https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4392-3724 González Sarmiento, Elizabeth University of Pamplona Castellanos González, Leónides University of Pamplona http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9285-4879 Array In Pamplona, Norte de Santander, strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) producers face a dual challenge: ensuring the safety of their products and conserving natural resources. Nine farms belonging to the Association of Rural Women (ASMUR) were assessed, representing approximately 20% of the total affiliated production units within the association. The level of implementation of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) was analysed in accordance with the 2020 Resolution of the Colombian Agricultural Institute (ICA), alongside sustainable soil management as per the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines on good practices for the management and sustainable use of soils in rural areas. Field tests and laboratory analyses were carried out to evaluate soil quality. The results revealed that none of the farms meet the requirements for GAP certification, with notable limitations in infrastructure, training, personnel protection, and traceability. On the other hand, the soils exhibited high organic matter content, acidic pH, and low biological activity. To overcome these limitations and achieve GAP certification, it is crucial to develop a specific action plan, provide advisory and training in GAP and sustainable soil management, make investments in key infrastructure, implement soil monitoring, adjust pH with amendments, encourage agroecological practices, promote the use of bio-inputs, and establish partnerships with entities for access to resources and technical-financial support. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2024-02-23 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202403129760 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 125, No 1 (2024) eng Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s)

oai:jarts.info:article/4202 2021-06-29T11:30:55Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "210216 2021 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc A review of soil fertility management communication in sub-Saharan Africa Baah-Ofori, Rebecca Nanaa University of Ghana Amoakohene, Margaret University of Ghana Array In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), declining soil fertility is among the factors affecting optimal food production. Although a number of interventions have been implemented to improve soil fertility management (SFM) in SSA, their adoption especially among small scale farmers has been low. Although the literature provides considerable evidence of socio-economic factors which influence adoption, the subject of how communication influences adoption of SFM remains under-explored. This paper therefore reviewed studies on SFM communication in SSA. The objectives were to identify the current focus of studies on SFM communication, the current definitions of communication which informed such studies, and the type of SFM practices being communicated in the SSA region. Using specific search terms, articles were collected from various databases and content analysed. The review revealed five main themes as the focus of current studies on SFM. The study also revealed two main interpretations of communication which in turn influence the use of either diffusion or participatory communication strategies for SFM communication. The review also showed a focus on integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) messages in the SSA area. The study concludes that while each of the two communication strategies has their individual strengths, farmers prefer participatory strategies. This is because participatory strategies foster interaction and greater understanding; thereby, increasing the likelihood of farmer adoption of SFM practices in SSA. The review concludes by calling for further research on the use of participatory communication to engage farmers about various SFM practices in SSA. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2021-02-16 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2021021132000 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 122, No 1 (2021) eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/download/4202/14142 Copyright (c) 2021 Authors

oai:jarts.info:article/2790 2017-06-21T12:21:38Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "170606 2017 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Diversity of farming systems integrating fish pond aquaculture in the province of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Kinkela, Patrick Mafwila Animal Science Unit, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium Mutiaka, Bienvenu Kambashi Animal Science Unit, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo Dogot, Thomas Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Rural Economics and Development Unit, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium Dochain, Denis Mathematical Engineering Department (INMA), Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium Rollin, Xavier Plateforme technologique et didactique en biologie aquicole Marcel Huet, Life Sciences Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium Mvubu, Roger Ntoto Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo Kinkela, Charles Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo Mafwila, Jacques Animal Science Unit, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo Bindelle, Jérôme Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium Array Agriculture and aquaculture systems are used by many farmers in various tropical countries of Asia, America and Africa. They have proven their relevancy to increase the productivity of farms by optimising nutrient fluxes and reducing requirements for external fertilisers. This article analysed the current state of fish farming and the way it is integrated with other farm subsystems in the urban/peri-urban and rural areas of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. More precisely, it examined the allocation of resources at the farm level, the recovery of helophytes plants, and the fate of fish production choices and it explored the possibility of intensifying these existing integrated farming systems. After a census of ponds in the urban and rural areas of Kinshasa, an on-site survey was conducted on 150 fish pond farms to assess the different activities practiced on farms, the impact of integrating crops and livestock to fish pond aquaculture and the constraints of the system. A total of three thousand and twenty (3020) fish ponds were recorded in the urban and rural areas of Kinshasa. Among these farms integrated aquaculture-agriculture systems exist with a wide diversity of practices (about 79% of farms combined fish with livestock and/or vegetable production). No striking differences between fish farms according to the allocation of resources, fish production method such as monoculture or polyculture, the recovery of helophytes plants and the fate of fish production choice were found depending on the location. However, fish farms were differently managed when combined with agriculture and/or livestock. Regarding the integration of the different subsystems through nutrient fluxes, 11 different movements of material between subsystems were found in integrated farms. However, not all fluxes are equally used in all farms and therefore improvements cannot be generalised. Improvements to be explored are such as making better use of manure pond mud and helophyte plants. For this purpose, proper training of farmers might be critical. Finally, bringing farmers together in cooperatives could also contribute to reduce the cost of purchase and transportation of fish fry and feed. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2017-01-13 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017032852295 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 118, No 1 (2017) eng Copyright (c) 2017 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS)

oai:jarts.info:article/9 2016-04-04T15:09:59Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Use of Combined Economic Threshold Level to Control Insect Pests Ahmed, M. Mz. Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC), New Halfa Research Station, New Halfa Town, P.O. Box 17, Sudan Elhassan, A. M. Kannan, H. O. Array The economic threshold level (ETL) is a key factor to be studied for insect pests control. It is difficult to monitor cotton insect pests separately, and it is not reasonable to base decision-making for spraying on an ETL of individual insects and ignore sub-levels of other cotton insect pests. So, we want to use a combined ETL in a way of insect units, to put all major insect pests to consideration as an insect pests‘ complex. This means delaying the first spray to give a chance for natural enemies to develop and then lower the number of sprays and consequently reduce the cost of production. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2002-11-01 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/9 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 103, No 2 (2002) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/633 2018-06-20T09:12:50Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "140130 2014 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Biochar improves fertility of a clay soil in the Brazilian Savannah: short term effects and impact on rice yield de Melo Carvalho, Marcia Thais Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands Madari, Beáta Emoke Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Rodovia GO-462, St. Antônio de Goiás, GO, Brazil Bastiaans, Lammert Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands van Oort, Pepijn Adrianus Johannes Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands Heinemann, Alexandre Bryan Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Rodovia GO-462, St. Antônio de Goiás, GO, Brazil da Silva, Mellissa Ananias Soler Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Rodovia GO-462, St. Antônio de Goiás, GO, Brazil Maia, Aline de Holanda Nunes Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Rod. SP-340, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil Meinke, Holger Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia Array The objective of this study was to report single season effects of wood biochar (char) application coupled with N fertilization on soil chemical properties, aerobic rice growth and grain yield in a clayey Rhodic Ferralsol in the Brazilian Savannah. Char application effected an increase in soil pH, K, Ca, Mg, CEC, Mn and nitrate while decreasing Al content and potential acidity of soils. No distinct effect of char application on grain yield of aerobic rice was observed. We believe that soil properties impacted by char application were inconsequential for rice yields because neither water, low pH, nor the availability of K or P were limiting factors for rice production. Rate of char above 16 Mg ha^(−1) reduced leaf area index and total shoot dry matter by 72 days after sowing. The number of panicles infected by rice blast decreased with increasing char rate. Increased dry matter beyond the remobilization capacity of the crop, and high number of panicles infected by rice blast were the likely cause of the lower grain yield observed when more than 60 kg N ha^(−1) was applied. The optimal rate of N was 46 kg ha^(−1) and resulted in a rice grain yield above 3 Mg ha^(−1). German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2014-01-30 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2013081343330 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 114, No 2 (2013) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/96 2010-05-13T20:36:58Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Assessing Production Efficiency of Dairy Farms in Burdur Province, Turkey Binici, Turan Department of Agricultural Economics, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey. E-mail: turanbinici@yahoo.com Demircan, Vecdi Department of Agricultural Economics, Suleyman Demirel University, Turkey Zulauf, Carl R. Ohio State University, Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics, Ohio, USA Array This study finds that a sample of 132 dairy farmers located in Burdur Province, Turkey, are producing at a low level of production efficiency. Efficiency ranges from 24 percent to 94 percent, with the average being 50 percent. Eighty one percent of the variation in output among the sampled farmers is due to differences in their production efficiency. If a farmer with average efficiency improved efficiency to that of the most efficient farmer in the sample, then the average dairy farmer could realize a 47 percent saving in cost. Two statistically significant factors associated with the variation in production efficiency are identified: the type of feeding system used and herd size. Use of extension programs explained little of the variation in production efficiency. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2006-04-30 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/96 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 107, No 1 (2006) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/5248 2024-02-23T09:07:20Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "231102 2023 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Trade-off between carbon offset and economic benefit: Potential of cocoa-based agroforestry system implemented in voluntary carbon market Santhyami, Santhyami Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta Roziaty, Efri Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta Suparti, Suparti Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta Array Agroforestry systems (AFS) are a viable option for the mitigation of deforestation. Thus far AFS has been recognized and financed through the Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM) program; however, analysis of the potential carbon credit payment and productivity trade-off has rarely been conducted. This study aims to analyse the potential of cocoa-based AFS in terms of the trade-off of carbon accumulation and productivity in West Sumatra, Indonesia. The trade-off is shown through 20 years of financial analysis between the two schemes: AFS without the VCM scheme (agroforestry Business as Usual-aBAU); and AFS with the VCM scheme. A comparison is made between four types of cocoa plantations in West Sumatra: (i) Cocoa-Rubber (CR), (ii) Cocoa Multi-strata (CM), (iii) Cocoa-Coconut (CC), and (iv) Monoculture practice (M). The results showed that under the aBAU scheme, CC showed the highest Net Present Value (NPV) and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) of $6,647 USD and 5.8 respectively, while the lowest was CR, with an NPV and BCR of $2,423 USD and 2.73, respectively. Cocoa monoculture presented the group with the fastest payback period (PP) of two years. Utilising a VCM scheme under the Plan Vivo standard with Voluntary Emission Reduction (VER) as a selling unit, cocoa farmers stand to gain NPV by 15-25% at VER prices of $8 USD MgCO2e-1. It is thus concluded that cocoa-based AFS could be adopted under the VCM scheme with the dual purposes of enhancing carbon-storage through AFS and greater income for farmers. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2023-11-02 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202311028937 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 124, No 2 (2023) eng Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s)

oai:jarts.info:article/3856 2020-07-08T15:19:55Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "200629 2020 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Occurrence, distribution and alternative hosts of Wheat streak mosaic virus infecting ginger in Kaduna State, Nigeria Abraham, Peter Federal College of Horticulture, Dadin kowa, Gombe http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1545-5297 Banwo, Olalekan O. Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Kashina, Boniface D. Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Alegbejo, Mathew D. Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Array A field survey was conducted during the 2018 rainy season (June – October) in three major ginger producing Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kaduna State, Nigeria to determine the occurrence and spread of wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) infecting ginger. Symptomatic and asymptomatic ginger leaf samples (n=180) and weed samples (n=45) were collected from the surveyed fields and indexed against WSMV using Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (DAS-ELISA). The results obtained showed that WSMV occurred in all the LGAs surveyed but with significant (P = 0.05) variation in distribution. Jaba had the highest virus incidence (22.67\,\%) followed by Kagarko (17.67\,\%) while Kachia had the lowest virus incidence of 10.00\,\%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of WSMV infecting ginger in Nigeria. Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton and Setaria barbata (Lam.) Kunth tested positive against WSMV as alternative weed hosts of the virus. The incidence of WSMV even at lower percentage is significant as population build-up could lead to a disease outbreak. Awareness programs need to be organised for farmers on yield loss potential of WSMV on ginger crop and the role of cultural practices on the incidence and management of the virus. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2020-07-08 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202005281300 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 121, No 1 (2020) eng Copyright (c) 2020 Authors

oai:jarts.info:article/76 2016-04-06T08:40:54Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Decomposition of Organic Substrates and their Effect on Mungbean Growth in Two Soils of the Mekong Delta Becker, Mathias Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department of Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Str. 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany, e-mail: mathias.becker@uni-bonn.de Asch, Folkard Institute of Crop Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim, Germany Chiem, Nguyen Huu University of Cantho, Cantho City, Vietnam Ni, D. V. University of Cantho, Cantho City, Vietnam Saleh, E. Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department of Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, Germany Tanh, K. V. University of Cantho, Cantho City, Vietnam Tinh, T. K. University of Cantho, Cantho City, Vietnam Array Agricultural land use in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam is dominated by intensive irrigated rice cropping systems on both alluvial and acid sulfate soils. A stagnating and occasionally declining productivity may be linked on the alluvial soils to low N use efficiency and low soil organic matter content while on acid sulfate soils to acidity, Al toxicity and P deficiency. For economic reasons, farmers increasingly diversify their cropping system by replacing the dry season rice by high-value horticultural crops grown under upland conditions. However, upland cropping is likely to further exacerbate the soil-related problems. Organic substrates from decentralized waste and waste water management are widely available and may help to alleviate the reported soil problems. During the dry season of 2003/2004, the effect of the application of various types and rates of locally available waste products on crop performance was evaluated at both an alluvial and an acid sulfate soil site. The C and N mineralization dynamics of nine organic substrates from waste and waste water treatment were determined by anaerobic (N) and aerobic (C) incubation in the laboratory. The response of 12 week-old mungbean (dry matter accumulation) to substrate application (1.5 – 6.0 Mg ha−1) was evaluated on a degraded alluvial and on an acid sulfate soil. In the alluvial soil, largest mineralization rates were observed from anaerobic sludge. Biomass increases in 12 week-old mungbean ranged from 25-98% above the unfertilized control. In the acid sulfate soil, highest net-N release rates were observed from aerobic composts with high P content. Mungbean biomass was related to soil pH and exchangeable Al3+ and was highest with the application of aerobic composts. We conclude that the use of organic substrates in the rice-based systems of the Mekong Delta needs to be soil specific. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2008-04-30 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/76 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 109, No 1 (2008) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/2364 2016-12-14T05:44:45Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "161114 2016 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Alternate furrow irrigation of four fresh-market tomato cultivars under semi-arid condition of Ethiopia – Part II: Physiological response Bogale, Ashinie Institute of Agricultural Engineering (440e), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany https://www.uni-hohenheim.de/1597.html?typo3state=persons&lsfid=9326 Spreer, Wolfram Department of Highland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand https://www.uni-hohenheim.de/1597.html?typo3state=persons&lsfid=3668&L=1 Gebeyehu, Setegn International Rice Research Institute, IRRI - WARDA Office, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania https://tz.linkedin.com/in/setegn-gebeyehu-37439564 Aguila, Miguel Institute of Agricultural Engineering (440e), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Müller, Joachim Institute of Agricultural Engineering (440e), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany https://www.uni-hohenheim.de/1597.html?typo3state=persons&lsfid=848&L=1 Array Understanding the variation in physiological response to deficit irrigation together with better knowledge on physiological characteristics of different genotypes that contribute to drought adaptation mechanisms would be helpful in transferring different irrigation technologies to farmers. A field experiment was carried to investigate the physiological response of four tomato cultivars (Fetan, Chali, Cochoro and ARP Tomato d2) to moderate water deficit induced by alternate furrow irrigation (AFI) and deficit irrigation (DI) under semi-arid condition of Ethiopia during 2013 and 2014. The study also aimed at identifying physiological attributes to the fruit yield of tomato under different deficit irrigation techniques. A factorial combination of irrigation treatments and cultivar were arranged in a complete randomized design with three replicates. Results showed that stomatal conductance (g_s) was significantly reduced while photosynthetic performance measured as chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv’/Fm’), relative water content (RWC) and leaf ash content remained unaffected under deficit irrigations. Significant differences among cultivars were found for water use efficiency (WUE), g_s, chlorophyll content (ChlSPAD), normal difference vegetation index (NDVI), leaf ash content and fruit growth rate. However, cultivar differences in WUE were more accounted for by the regulation of g_s, therefore, g_s could be useful for breeders for screening large numbers of genotypes with higher WUE under deficit irrigation condition. The study result also demonstrated that cultivar with traits that contribute to achieve higher yields under deficit irrigation strategies has the potential to increase WUE. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2016-09-20 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016100451011 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 117, No 2 (2016) eng Copyright (c) 2016

oai:jarts.info:article/480 2018-06-20T09:18:37Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "120919 2012 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Impact of floriculture development enhances livelihood of India’s rural women Agoramoorthy, Govindasamy College of Environmental & Health Sciences, Tajen University, Yanpu Pingtung 907, Taiwan Hsu, Minna J. Department of Biologica Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan Array India’s rural women are involved in various types of work and contribute considerably to the economy. However much of their work is not systematically accounted in the official statistics. India’s governmental and non-governmental data collection agencies admit that there is an under-estimation of tribal women’s contribution as rural workers. This study describes in detail a research project that focuses on the indicators for socioeconomic development in the least developed rural villages by examining the impact of floriculture on the lives of impoverished tribal women who inhabit the harsh drylands of western India. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2012-09-19 13:46:28 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012082241658 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 113, No 1 (2012) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/5528 2025-03-26T14:30:34Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "240223 2024 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Performance of pacu (Colossoma macropomum) fed varying dietary inclusion levels of fish visceral and duckweed (Lemna minor) as replacement for fish and soybean meals Irabor, Arnold Ebuka Dennis Osadebay University Onwuka, Christopher Nnamdi Dennis Osadebay University Adagha, Oghenefejiro Dennis Osadebay University Sanubi, Jovita Oghenenyerhovwo Dennis Osadebay University Jn Pierre, Hardin Aaron Dennis Osadebay University Onwuka, Maureen Dennis Osadebay University Obieh, Simon Dennis Osadebay University Array The performance of Colossoma macropomum subjected to a six-month feeding trial using duckweed (Lemna minor) and fish visceral as partial replacements for soybean meal and fishmeal respectively was evaluated in this study. A total of one thousand five hundred (1500) nearly same sizes (average size 45 g) juveniles of C. macropomum were sourced from the nearby research man-made lake and subjected to proper acclimatisation for two weeks prior to the commencement of the feeding trial. One hundred (100) juveniles per experimental pond (EP) were stocked in triplicate with EPi-iii0% (control), EPi-iii25%, EPi-iii50%, EPi-iii75%, and EPi-iii100%. The formulated diets with varying dietary inclusion levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) of duckweed as a substitute for soybean meal, and at the same levels, fish visceral meal was used as a substitute for fishmeal. The formulated diets were fed to the experimental fishes on a twice-daily schedule (7 am and 5:30 pm). The control diet contained the conventional protein sources (fishmeal and soybean) while the other diets had fish visceral and duckweed as dietary replacements for fishmeal and soybean, respectively. A biweekly sampling of growth parameters such as body weight was carried out on twenty (20) randomly selected juveniles from each EP and data collected from the feeding trial was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) (SPSS version 26) while Duncan's multiple ranges test distinguished the means at p 0.05 significant level. The highest value for mean body weight gain at 6 months was observed at a 50% dietary inclusion level of the test ingredients (1411.7 g), while at a 100% inclusion level, the lowest value was recorded (1213.6 g). Water quality parameters sampled were within the acceptable standards indicating no adverse effect of the test ingredients on the culture medium. In general, no adverse effect was recorded across treatments. Conclusively, C. macropomum culture in Nigeria using the test diets at a 50% dietary inclusion level to replace the conventional protein sources is feasible and can help improve fish availability and sustainability through species diversification and reduced production cost since the test ingredients are obtained at minimal cost from fish traders (fish visceral) and fallow earthen ponds (duckweed). German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2024-02-23 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202312229279 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 125, No 1 (2024) eng Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s)

oai:jarts.info:article/4238 2020-12-28T07:40:01Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "201019 2020 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Optimising beekeeping development programs for improved productivity, income and welfare: a case study of Papua New Guinea Schouten, Cooper Nat School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4398-9499 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4398-9499 Lloyd, David School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia Sengere, Reuben W. Coffee Industry Corporation Ltd, Aiyura, Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea Aranka, Jonah Coffee Industry Corporation Ltd, Aiyura, Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea Array Beekeeping can provide important sources of cash income for farmers in developing countries where land is unconducive to crop and livestock production systems. In many low-income countries however, attrition among beekeeping adopters remains a chronic problem, colony losses are high, support for and coordination of the sector is low, and practices, production and income from beekeeping is often inefficient. This study investigated the key drivers and practices influencing incomes from beekeeping, honey production and numbers of hives owned by beekeepers in the Eastern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea. Survey data from 117 beekeepers revealed that beekeeping contributes to improving farmers resilience and security in times of financial hardship with 85% of beekeepers reporting using their honey as a form of a bank and beekeepers earning average annual net incomes of US$715.50. Specifically, our results highlight the importance of supplementary feeding, multiplying colonies by making splits, reinvestment into beekeeping enterprises and access to more than a single apiary site as key factors influencing productivity and income. This study provides guidelines for optimising beekeeping outcomes in low-income countries and provides recommendations to inform policy options for strengthening beekeeping for sustainable community development programs and partnerships. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2020-12-24 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202007291511 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 121, No 2 (2020) eng Copyright (c) 2020 Authors

oai:jarts.info:article/2803 2017-06-21T12:21:38Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "170307 2017 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Discriminating the quality of local pork from crossbred pork from extensive production of ethnic minorities in mountainous northern Vietnam Muth, Philipp C. Animal Husbandry and Breeding in the Tropics and Subtropics, Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 17, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany, Tel.: +49-711-45923170, Fax: +49-711-459290 Markemann, André Animal Husbandry and Breeding in the Tropics and Subtropics, Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Huyen, Le T. T. Department of Economics and Livestock Farming Systems, National Institute of Animal Science, Hanoi, Vietnam Zárate, Anne Valle Animal Husbandry and Breeding in the Tropics and Subtropics, Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Array Developing short food supply chains for products from local pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) breeds may offer chances for smallholders in rural areas to participate in niche markets and obtain additional income. Because the authenticity and distinctness of products are crucial for establishing marketing, this study compared selected product characteristics of pork from the Vietnamese Ban breed with pork from crossbreds, each derived at their typical market weight and from their respective extensive and semi-extensive production environment; thus resembling the combination, the products are available for customers. Traditional Ban pork could be effectively discriminated from crossbred pork through cut dimensions, exemplified by the significantly reduced loin eye area (P 0.001), and by the significantly reduced backfat thickness (P 0.001). Also, marbling fat was significantly decreased in local pork (P 0.001), whereas differences in further meat quality parameters were rather weakly expressed. The significantly higher share of polyunsaturated fatty acids in loins of traditionally produced Ban pigs (P = 0.003) could possibly result in a preferred nutritional value, but lower oxidative stability of the products. This study provides novel information to improve the marketing of specialty pork in Vietnam and comparable situations in the Southeast Asian Massif. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2017-01-13 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2017010351833 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 118, No 1 (2017) eng Copyright (c) 2017 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS)

oai:jarts.info:article/773 2013-08-10T17:32:15Z jarts:BREV

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "130809 2013 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Book review: Roger Leakey. Living with the trees of life: Towards the transformation of tropical agriculture Callo-Concha, Daniel Senior scientist http://www.zef.de/staff/310.html Array Roger Leakey. Living with the trees of life: Towards the transformation of tropical agriculture. July 2012. CABI, 224 pp. ISBN: 978 1 78064 098 3 Agroforestry as a modern science is barely fifty years old. Nevertheless, it has become an integral part of concepts, reports and assessments on the state-of-the-art of rural development. Against this background, the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) plays a remarkable role. But when precise concepts, practices and technologies are tracked, one ends up recognizing specific research groups and even individuals as founders and promoters of most of them. This is the case, for instance, in alley cropping or push-pull technologies, developed ad hoc to satisfy specific demands and which have been strongly promoted by identifiable institutions and individuals. In his book ‘Living with trees: towards the transformation of the tropical agriculture’, Roger Leakey renders his personal testimony of agroforestry. He does this from the viewpoint of a student, scientist, scientific leader, and lately as an advocate of agroforestry as a land-use management alternative. In a narrative style, Leakey interlaces cornerstones of his scientific queries with his contributions on agroforestry as a driver and path for rural development. He describes, for instance, how a high diversity of tree seeds in a Cameroonian market indicates the potential of native trees to provide diverse benefits to small households. Later, as the director general of ICRAF, he introduced the idea of the ‘Cinderella’ tree, which led to a worldwide program on participative identification and domestication of indigenous tree species. Through anecdotal causalities, Leakey reveals the manifold character of agroforestry: “(…) is more than just an agronomic practice that restores soil fertility and produces tree products in farmers’ fields. It is also applied ecology or, more accurately, applied agroecology – the ecology of farming systems.” (Leakey 2012: 51). In the context of the current global challenges, he further develops this premise to the concept of multifunctionality, which he understands as the simultaneous provision of diverse goods, services and functions to strengthen the ecological and social sustainability of livelihoods. Furthermore, for the operationalization of farming multifunctionality Leakey proposes the use of systemic insights by acknowledging that the “(…) interconnectedness of agriculture’s different roles and functions in rural development, is a sine qua non” condition to generate and promote sustainable scientific and technological alternatives. This is possible since multifunctionality, by its intrinsic logic, avoids the hampering factors inherent to other approaches by being affordable, socially accepted, environmentally harmless and naturally capable of supporting rehabilitation of water and soils. Leakey supports his thesis with several case studies: Participatory domestication of the galip nut in the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea, re-introduction of overexploited wild sandalwood species in the Vanuatu archipelago in the South Pacific, and in Australia exploration of bush tucker species together with the aboriginal communities. His flagship experience is the Food for Progress project in Cameroon, which by 2009 included almost 500 villages in active production, use and commercialization of tree local species. However, as is the case with similar technological/paradigmatic proposals, this approach faces inherent constraints. One is the unpredictability resulting from dealing with social-ecological systems and diverse interests that may or may not match the interests and foreseen goals of the stakeholders. This generates diverging and unexpected outcomes. Associated herewith is the tradeoff through optimization of the components’ performance, i.e., which outcome should be privileged and which the guiding criteria? Again, the dilemma between producing more with less against more with more becomes apparent. Strictly speaking, Leakey’s book is not a scientific book. As a prolific scientific author with an extensive bibliography, Leakey does not need to provide methodological and technical arguments to make a point. His style, this time, is rather discursive. He says that scientific research can benefit from participation, scientific findings can achieve developmental goals, and multifunctionality as a production paradigm can facilitate this. But besides scientific training, a sensitive mindset is a fundamental condition to realize these aspects and put them into practice. In short, Leakey’s work is a book that a committed (young) scientist interested in development, but with both feet on the ground, could significantly benefit from. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2013-08-09 00:00:00 Non-refereed Book Review application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/773 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 114, No 1 (2013) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/6222 2026-04-16T19:46:14Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "260416 2026 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Digital technologies in tropical agro-SMEs: Modelling return on investment, efficiency, and socio-environmental co-benefits in Costa Rica Okot, Tom Universidad Latinoamericana de Ciencia y Tecnología https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4402-2127 Hesbon Opio, Emmanuel Makerere University https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8180-8505 Sarmiento Cruz, Yanela Universidad Latinoamericana de Ciencia y Tecnología https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7946-7232 Array Digital agriculture technologies are widely promoted as enablers of climate-resilient and efficient farming, yet empirical assessments of their financial, social, and ecological viability in tropical small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) remain limited. This study evaluates the perceived return on investment, cost efficiency, and socio-environmental co-benefits of DATs among 389 agro-SMEs across Costa Rica's seven provinces using a structural equation modelling (SEM) approach. The analysis focuses on three commonly adopted technologies: sensor-based irrigation systems, GPS-enabled machinery, and drone-assisted crop monitoring. The analysis integrates the Technology Acceptance Model, Technology-Organisation-Environment, and classical investment theory to explain adoption behaviour and performance outcomes. Results show a mean return on investment of 34.8% and a median pay-back of 2.4 years, driven primarily by improved input management. Financial access significantly moderates the relationship between technology use and economic returns, with supported adopters achieving higher economic returns. Socio-environmental benefits, such as reduced resource use and improved labour quality, are partially mediated by gains in cost efficiency. Robustness checks confirm that outcomes are consistent across regions, firm sizes, and digital service types. The findings suggest that digital agriculture technologies represent a viable investment even in fragmented, resource-constrained contexts, provided that financial and infrastructural barriers are addressed. Policy recommendations include targeted loan guarantees, rural broadband corridors, inclusive training programmes, and results-based public–private partnerships. The study contributes to the evidence base for scaling digitalisation in tropical agriculture and positions digital technologies as drivers of productivity, inclusivity, and sustainability. Future research should expand longitudinal tracking, explore fintech-enabled models, and quantify environmental co-benefits for climate-finance eligibility. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2026-01-15 14:28:20 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/kobra-2026032612021 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 127 (2026) eng Copyright (c) 2026 Author(s)

oai:jarts.info:article/5029 2023-11-02T13:28:12Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "230314 2023 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Intervention options for small-scale family poultry development in south-eastern Madagascar: an expert survey Kurz, Barbara Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Steinke, Jonathan Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Sieber, Stefan Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Array The diets of resource-poor farmers in the Atsimo Atsinanana (AA) region of south-eastern Madagascar have limited diversity and are low in animal protein. Although poultry farming is widespread, productivity is low, and consumption of eggs is uncommon. To enable effective development interventions targeting poultry value chains, this study pursues two goals: (i) to describe current challenges in small-scale poultry rearing and egg consumption in AA, and (ii) to explore viable options for promoting poultry production. We employ a survey approach, carrying out semi-structured interviews with 16 international and 12 local key informants (KIs) on small-scale poultry development. We find that poultry production in AA is critically constrained by high mortality due to diseases and predation, poor husbandry, and lack of veterinary services. The major health constraint is the Newcastle disease. Given the high mortality rates and low egg-laying potential of local chicken breeds, only small numbers of eggs are consumed, as farmers prioritise hatching. The main identified solutions include improvements in veterinary health and animal husbandry. KIs emphasised the development of animal health support services, including village vaccinators, upgrading feed with locally accessible protein sources, and the need for biosecure housing. Furthermore, training for farmers on poultry management, marketing, and vaccinations was suggested, in addition to creating awareness about the nutritional benefits of poultry products. Our findings are relevant to local development practitioners, as achieving food and nutrition security requires a multifaceted approach that fits local conditions. Our study provides actionable recommendations for improving small-scale family poultry production in AA.   German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2023-02-21 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202302217526 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 124, No 1 (2023) eng Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s)

oai:jarts.info:article/3895 2020-07-08T15:19:55Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "200325 2020 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Effect of Village Savings and Loan Associations on adoption of index-based crop insurance under limited liabilities Ndagijimana, Marcien Wageningen University and Research https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4810-6694 Asseldonk, Marcel van Wageningen University and Research Kessler, Aad Wageningen University and Research Ndimubandi, Jean University of Burundi Array A household survey and focus group discussions were conducted to quantify the general determinants of an index-based crop insurance adoption under limited liabilities in Burundi, and specifically the effect of existing Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLAs). The survey sample comprised of 40 crop insurance adopters, 40 non-adopters and 40 drop-outs in Bukirasazi and Makebuko communes of Gitega province. The results indicated that saving money (by VSLAs) for upcoming premium payments and regularly VSLA meetings attendance increase insurance adoption with relative risk ratio (RRR)=0.21, p≤0.001) and (RRR=0.01, p≤0.01), respectively. In addition, VSLAs’ members with more knowledge in land management (RRR=0.07, p≤0.05), crop management (RRR=0.05, p≤0.001) and integrated farm planning (RRR=0.03, p0.05) were more likely to adopt the crop insurance. Furthermore, smallholders being aware and less appreciative limited liability were more likely inclined to adopt crop insurance with RRR=0.12 (p≤0.01) and RRR=0.01 (p≤0.001), respectively. Given the importance of VSLA in fostering crop insurance adoption, we recommend strengthening VSLAs in their operation, save for upcoming premium payments as jointly agreed and set in their constitution, and encourage smallholders to run their farms with integrated farm planning. Due to limited knowledge of smallholders about the mode of crop insurance operation, a more extensive capacity building coupled to a coaching by experts in this domain is more than a necessity. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2020-07-08 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202002281031 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 121, No 1 (2020) eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/download/3895/12367 Copyright (c) 2020 Authors

oai:jarts.info:article/66 2016-04-06T08:36:56Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc A Survey of Myanmar Rice Production and Constraints Naing, T. A. A. Yezin Agricultural University, Yezin, Myanmar Kingsbury, A. J. Department of Ecological Plant Protection, University of Kassel, Nordbahnhofstr. 1a, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany Buerkert, Andreas Department of Organic Crop Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany Finckh, Maria R. Department of Ecological Plant Protection, University of Kassel, Nordbahnhofstr. 1a, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany phone: ++49-5542-98 15 62, fax: ++49-5542-98 15 64, email: mfinckh@uni-kassel.de Array Although modern high yielding varieties were introduced into Myanmar in the early 1980s, the national average of rice grain yield has stagnated at 3.2-3.4 t ha-1. To identify yield constraints, input intensities and the general practices of rice cultivation in Myanmar, a survey was conducted during the wet seasons of 2001 and 2002. A total of 98 farmers from five townships in Upper Myanmar and 16 in Lower Myanmar representing the most important areas of rice production were questioned on their management practices, yields, and perceived yield constraints over the previous four years. There was a recent decrease in the overall average rate of fertilizer application, an increase in the prevalence of rice-legume cropping systems, and only localized insect pest or disease problems. Additionally, rice yields were found to be higher in Upper Myanmar, likely the results of more suitable weather conditions, better irrigation, and ready market access. Furthermore, a number of critical factors affecting production are identified and possible solutions discussed. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2008-11-01 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/66 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 109, No 2 (2008) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/2255 2018-06-20T09:05:16Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "160601 2016 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Climate change adaptation strategies of maize producers of the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia Ahmed, Musa Hasen School of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia Array The impacts of climate change are considered to be strong in countries located in tropical Africa that depend on agriculture for their food, income and livelihood. Therefore, a better understanding of the local dimensions of adaptation strategies is essential to develop appropriate measures that will mitigate adverse consequences. Hence, this study was conducted to identify the most commonly used adaptation strategies that farm households practice among a set of options to withstand the effects of climate change and to identify factors that affect the choice of climate change adaptation strategies in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. To address this objective, Multivariate Probit model was used. The results of the model indicated that the likelihood of households to adapt improved varieties of crops, adjust planting date, crop diversification and soil conservation practices were 58.73%, 57.72%, 35.61% and 41.15%, respectively. The Simulated Maximum Likelihood estimation of the Multivariate Probit model results suggested that there was positive and significant interdependence between household decisions to adapt crop diversification and using improved varieties of crops; and between adjusting planting date and using improved varieties of crops. The results also showed that there was a negative and significant relationship between household decisions to adapt crop diversification and soil conservation practices. The paper also recommended household, socioeconomic, institutional and plot characteristics that facilitate and impede the probability of choosing those adaptation strategies. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2016-01-15 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016050350187 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 117, No 1 (2016) eng Copyright (c) 2016

oai:jarts.info:article/387 2018-06-20T09:17:56Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "120919 2012 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Effects of red brick production on land use, household income, and greenhouse gas emissions in Khartoum, Sudan Abdalla, Ishtiag Department of Farm Management University of Kassel, Faculty 11 Steinstraße 19 D - 37213 Witzenhausen Agriculture Economics and Policy Research Center, Agriculture Research Corporation (ARC), Khartoum Nourth, Shambat, Sudan Abdalla, Sahar Babiker Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany Land and Water Research Center, Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC), Wad Medani, Sudan El-Siddig, Kamal Land and Water Research Center, Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC), Wad Medani, Sudan Möller, Detlev Farm Management, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany Buerkert, Andreas Department of Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystem Research in the Tropics and Subtropics University of Kassel, Faculty 11 Steinstraße 19 D - 37213 Witzenhausen Array In Khartoum (Sudan) a particular factor shaping urban land use is the rapid expansion of red brick making (BM) for the construction of houses which occurs on the most fertile agricultural Gerif soils along the Nile banks. The objectives of this study were to assess the profitability of BM, to explore the income distribution among farmers and kiln owners, to measure the dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and organic carbon (C_org) in cow dung used for BM, and to estimate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from burned biomass fuel (cow dung and fuel wood). About 49 kiln owners were interviewed in 2009 using a semi-structured questionnaire that allowed to record socio-economic and variable cost data for budget calculations, and determination of Gini coefficients. Samples of cow dung were collected directly from the kilns and analyzed for their nutrients concentrations. To estimate GHG emissions a modified approach of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was used. The land rental value from red brick kilns was estimated at 5-fold the rental value from agriculture and the land rent to total cost ratio was 29% for urban farms compared to 6% for BM. The Gini coefficients indicated that income distribution among kiln owners was more equal than among urban farmers. Using IPCC default values the 475, 381, and 36 t DM of loose dung, compacted dung, and fuel wood used for BM emit annually 688, 548, and 60 t of GHGs, respectively. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2012-09-19 13:46:28 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2012061541345 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 113, No 1 (2012) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/5915 2025-06-10T08:34:54Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "250317 2025 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Effect of pretreatment on pecan nut germination and rootstock production Lolletti, Daniele Council for Agricultural Research and Economics https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5701-2331 Ciccoritti, Roberto Council for Agricultural Research and Economics Raparelli, Elisabetta Council for Agricultural Research and Economics Array Pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] is a deciduous tree of the Juglandaceae family, native to temperate regions and growing wild in North America. In Italy, pecan trees are cultivated mainly in the southern regions, where the climatic conditions are optimal for their development. However, the area under cultivation is limited and most of the nuts are imported from the USA and Mexico. A major limiting factor for Italian pecan cultivation is the scarcity of rootstocks suitable for local pedoclimatic conditions. To evaluate the effect of stratification on the germination of pecan seeds to obtain rootstocks, seeds of 5 different cultivars were stratified and compared with those not stratified. The results indicated significant differences in nut germination related to stratification treatment and cultivar. In general, stratification process reduced the germination time from on average 50.4 days for untreated seeds to 12.6 days for treated seeds. The Wichita cultivar exhibited the highest germination rate under stratification whereas the lowest values were observed in non-stratified Cape Fare seeds. On average, better seedling development was observed in the first 6 weeks with stratification, while non-stratified nuts showed better seedling development between week 7 and 11. Shawnee and Wichita cultivars particularly benefited from the treatments, showing superior growth metrics values (35.0±7.9 and 34.9±7.8 cm height; 0.5±0.8 and 0.5±0.6 cm diameter, respectively). Cold stratification produced uniform and robust plants, providing nurseries with quality grafting material. Seeds stored at room temperature for two seasons completely lost their viability, rendering them unusable. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2025-01-15 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/kobra-2025011410820 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 126, No 1 (2025) eng Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s)

oai:jarts.info:article/4670 2021-12-31T15:56:33Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "211206 2021 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility and natural water erosion potential in the Huambo region, Angola Meira, Ludmila Departamento de Aquicultura, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Jose Eduardo dos Santos Oliveira e Silva, Pedro 1 - Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja 2 - VALORIZA – Centro de Investigação para a Valorização de Recursos Endógenos, Instituto Politécnico de Portalegre Tomaz, Alexandra 1 - Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja 2 - GeoBioTec, NOVA School of Science and Technology https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9129-112X Array The use of erosion assessment methods is critical for the sustainability of land use in tropical and subtropical regions, especially in countries lacking national information on soil erosion development, which is the case of Angola. This study aimed to evaluate the rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), soil loss tolerance (T) and natural erosion potential (NEP) in Huambo (Angola). The R value estimated for a 25-year period was 7463 MJ·mm·ha-1·h-1·y-1. K values estimated from 25 soil profiles, described in the Soil Map of Angola, varied from 0.021 to 0.247 t·ha·h·ha-1·MJ-1·mm-1, respectively, in yellow ferralitic and paraferralitic soils (Ferralsols) and brown psamitic soils (Arenosols). A two-principal component (PC) model for soil erodibility variables explained 61.7% of total variance. PC1 was related to particle size distribution and soil erodibility, pointing to a positive correlation between sand content in the soil superficial horizons and K. PC2 expressed soil loss vulnerability, with negative factor loading for soil loss tolerance. The cluster analysis (CA) grouped Arenosols in a significant cluster located in the positive quadrant of PC1, therefore, more erosion prone. The NEP average value found was of 605 t·ha-1·y-1. The obtained results raise awareness concerning soil degradation by water erosion and can be of value for decision-makers and for farmers and land users, contributing to the sustainability of agriculture in Huambo. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2021-08-04 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202110274964 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 122, No 2 (2021) eng http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/download/4670/15385 Copyright (c) 2021 Authors

oai:jarts.info:article/3176 2018-07-02T09:22:06Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "180627 2018 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Growth performance and digestive tract development of indigenous scavenging chickens under village management Raphulu, Thomas Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Limpopo Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Mara Research Station, P/bag x 2467, Makhado, 0920, South Africa Jansen van Rensburg, Christine Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa Array The study was conducted on indigenous scavenging chickens under village management firstly, to evaluate the early development of the digestive tract to 28 days of age and secondly, to determine the growth performance of these chickens up to 20 weeks of age. One hundred and seventeen chicks, 13 chicks per age class (day 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, 28) were randomly purchased from six rural villages in the Vhembe District, Venda, South Africa. The chickens were weighed and sacrificed for measurement of the different parts of its gastrointestinal tract. The liver and pancreas were also weighed. The relative weight of the storage organs and liver peaked at day 4 while that of the small intestine and duodenum peaked at day 10. The relative lengths of the small intestine and jejunum peaked at day 7, duodenum at day 10 and ileum at day 4. Four hundred and forty four (444) chicks from 13 households were recorded at two weekly intervals starting from day old until 20 weeks of age. The mean body weight obtained for males and females were 201.7 and 171.5 g at six weeks of age and 1048.1 and 658.6 g at 20 weeks of age, respectively. The indigenous chickens under village management were characterised by slow digestive tract development, poor growth performance and high mortalities. Further research needs to be conducted to determine the effect of early feed supplementation on the development of the digestive tract and the performance of indigenous chickens under village management. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2018-04-04 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2018040955207 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 119, No 1 (2018) eng Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS)

oai:jarts.info:article/32 2016-04-04T15:29:38Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Influencing Factors of Infestation of Endo and Ectoparasites on Hair Sheep in Tropical Ecuador Suárez, Victor University of Kassel, Department of International Animal Husbandry, Germany Tawfik, Ezzat S. University of Kassel, Department of International Animal Husbandry, Germany Array 120 hair sheep were tested for faecal, skin and blood parasites. After three parasitological studies in humid Sucumbíos, it was proved that the parasitic charge is influenced by different factors. In the case of air temperature and humidity there was no variation detected between the seasons, although the parasitical charge rose in the course of this study. With regard to parasitic charge some systematic differences were found between the farming systems. Prophylactic measures such as rotational grazing, guarantee the food alternatives in the case of grass shortage, the strategic treatment with de-wormers and removal of excrement and garbage were recommended. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2003-11-01 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/32 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 104, No 2 (2003) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/1800 2015-06-02T15:42:53Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "150521 2015 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Technical and scale efficiency of cassava production system in Delta State, Nigeria: an application of Two-Stage DEA approach Rahman, Sanzidur School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom Awerije, Brodrick Ohiyancho School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom Array The present study examines the level of pure technical and scale efficiencies of cassava production system including its sub-processes (that is production and processing stages) of 278 cassava farmers/processors from three regions of Delta State, Nigeria by applying Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach. Results reveal that pure technical efficiency (PTE) is significantly lower at the production stage 0.41 vs 0.55 for the processing stage, but scale efficiency (SE) is high at both stages (0.84 and 0.87), implying that productivity can be improved substantially by reallocation of resources and adjusting operation size. The socio-economic determinants exert differential impacts on PTE and SE at each stage. Overall, education, experience and main occupation as farmer significantly improve SE while subsistence pressure reduces it. Extension contact significantly improves SE at the processing stage but reduces PTE and SE overall. Inverse size-PTE and size-SE relationships exist in cassava production system. In other words, large/medium farms are technically and scale inefficient. Gender gap exists in performance. Male farmers are technically efficient at processing stage but scale inefficient overall. Farmers in northern region are technically efficient. Investments in education, extension services and infrastructure are suggested as policy options to improve the cassava sector in Nigeria. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2015-05-21 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2015011347155 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 116, No 1 (2015) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/127 2016-04-06T10:36:21Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Farmers’ Choice of the Modern Rice Varieties in the Rainfed Ecosystem of Nepal Joshi, Ganesh Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, HMG Nepal, email: grjoshi20@yahoo.com Bauer, Siegfried Department of Project and Regional Planning, JLU, Giessen, Germany, email: siegfried.bauer@agrar.uni-giessen.de Array In an effort to increase the productivity of rice in Nepal, several modern varieties have been released. Farmers have adopted these varieties to varying degrees depending upon the types of production environment and the considerations for attributes. This paper attempts to identify factors that condition the adoption of selected modern varieties of rice using a multinomial logit model including both production and consumption attributes valued by the farmers and farm and farmer related variables. The results show that both categories of variables are significant in determining the demand for a specific variety. The results of this paper have implications for crop improvement and the modern variety adoption. Research approaches that incorporate farmers’ preferences for various attributes of rice in breeding programs and extension strategies have to be adopted. Various types of methods such as demonstration and farmer- participatory trials could be effective vehicles in this regard. Also the research system should develop a range of varieties in order to meet the multiple concerns of the farmers as a single variety may not be able to fulfill all of their concerns. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2006-11-01 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/127 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 107, No 2 (2006) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/6012 2026-04-16T19:44:34Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "260120 2026 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Drivers of rural household poverty in Sayed Abad district, Maidan Wardak Province, Afghanistan Miani, Abdul Matin Abdul Matin Miani: Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Economics and Extension, Ghazni University, Afghanistan Dehkordi, Mehdi Karami Department of Rural Development, Shahrekord University, Iran Abid, Zabiullah Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Paktika University, Afghanistan Array Most of Afghanistan’s population lives in rural areas where poverty remains a persistent challenge, shaped by conflict, environmental stress, and limited livelihood opportunities. This study examines the factors driving household poverty in two villages, Meli Khel and Tarakhel, in the Sayed Abad district of Maidan Wardak province. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire based on the Likert scale, which was administered to 105 household heads. These were selected using the Cochran formula and a cluster sampling approach to enhance representativeness. A total of 113 questionnaires were distributed to household heads, who were chosen because of their role as breadwinners and their involvement in agriculture. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 27. The findings show that prolonged warfare was the factor that exacerbated poverty the most (mean score 4.79), followed closely by climate change and drought (4.65), declining agricultural productivity (4.59), unemployment (4.57), the depletion of groundwater resources (4.51) and widespread illiteracy (4.50). These results highlight how conflict and environmental pressures, combined with limited economic diversification and low educational attainment, perpetuate rural poverty. Policy interventions should prioritise climate-resilient agricultural development, job creation, improved water management and stronger education systems in order to mitigate these interconnected challenges and support the development of sustainable rural livelihoods in Afghanistan. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2026-01-15 14:28:20 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/kobra-2026011411800 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 127 (2026) eng Copyright (c) 2026 Author(s)

oai:jarts.info:article/5014 2023-02-21T20:51:31Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "221018 2022 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Agroecological transition in vegetable farming systems in southern Benin. Lessons from a diagnostic analysis Assogba, Claude-Gervais Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1479-1152 Vodouhê, Gbelidji T. Faculty of Agricultural Sciences / University of Abomey-Calavi Adje, Bienvenu Faculty of Agricultural Sciences / University of Abomey-Calavi Dassou, Anicet National University of Sciences, Technologies, Engineering and Mathematics Tovignan, Silvère D. Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou Kindomihou, Valentin Faculty of Agricultural Sciences / University of Abomey-Calavi Vodouhê, Simplice D. Faculty of Agricultural Sciences / University of Abomey-Calavi Array In Benin, agroecological intensification and agroecological transition of vegetable farming systems is an undeniable necessity for achieving the objectives of food and nutrition security while preserving natural resources, human and animal health. The present study analyses vegetable farming systems in southern Benin, to highlight bottlenecks and challenges in the process of an agroecological transition and intensification of these systems. Data were collected with questionnaires and interview guides through individual interviews and focus groups among a sample of 105 producers practicing one of the three types of vegetable farming systems encountered in south of Benin. These data concern mainly production factors, cropping systems, costs of cropping operations, and production constraints. They were analysed using parameters of descriptive statistics. The results revealed a diversity of cropping practices according to agroecological zones. Vegetable farming systems in flooded land value agroecological practices more than those in coastal areas. The performance of these systems is limited by constraints such as land insecurity, difficulties in accessing organic inputs, low technical capacities of farmers, and low development of agroecological markets. Therefore, facing the challenges of agroecological transition and intensification of vegetable farming systems in the south of Benin, requires the implementation of appropriate technical, organisational and political measures to overcome these obstacles. Among others, these measures will consist to facilitate producers' access to secured land, to make agroecological technologies accessible and affordable for producers, to facilitate their learning process, and to promote the development of short circuit sales. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2022-12-30 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202210116965 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 123, No 2 (2022) eng Copyright (c) 2022 Author(s)

oai:jarts.info:article/3592 2020-01-13T13:30:22Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "191204 2019 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Socio-economic aspects of irrigation agriculture as livelihood for rural families in Brazil’s semi-arid northeast Hagel, Heinrich Food Security Center, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany Hoffmann, Christa Education and Knowledge Center Boxberg, Germany Irmão, José Ferreira Department of Literature and Social Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil Doluschitz, Reiner Computer Applications and Business Management in Agriculture, Institute of Farm Management, University of Hohenheim Array Along the lower-middle São Francisco River, in the semi-arid region of northeast Brazil, irrigated agriculture contributes to reduce rural poverty. In the framework of the Itaparica Reservoir construction, three irrigation schemes were implemented in the Pernambuco state to compensate the local population for flooded land. Despite favourable production conditions for irrigated agriculture, many smallholders in the irrigation schemes are facing poverty. To identify socio-economic key indicators on farm income, expert interviews (n=16) and a household survey (n=120) were conducted. The effect of socio-economic factors and crop choice on farm income was investigated by analysis of variance. Insufficient infrastructure, limited market access and low market power, volatility of producer prices, lack of credit availability, unequal distribution of irrigable land, and insufficient social capital and knowledge about irrigated fruit production threatened the smallholders’ livelihoods. Crop choice and availability of irrigable areas were the main characteristics of prosperous smallholders, whereas knowledge intensive and capital intensive perennials as well as high value annual cash crops with high risks of yield losses were the most profitable crops. Thus, wealthier farmers were more likely to generate high farm income. Agricultural extension, investments in infrastructure, especially in improved market access and value-adding facilities, and off-farm income alternatives are recommended to provide adequate income to the local population and prevent rural exodus. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2019-12-02 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/20191127814 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 120, No 2 (2019) eng Copyright (c) 2019 Authors

oai:jarts.info:article/57 2016-04-06T08:03:03Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Crop Performance and Yield of Groundnut, Sesame and Roselle in an Agroforesty Cropping System with Acacia senegal in North Kordofan (Sudan) Fadl, Kamal E. M. Agricultural Research Corporation, El Obeid Research Station, P.O. Box 429, El Obeid, Sudan Gebauer, Jens Dr. Jens Gebauer, Agricultural Research Corporation, Gezira Research Station, P.O. Box 126, Wad Medani, Sudan, E-mail: jens.gebauer@rz.hu-berlin.de (corresponding address: Dept. of Fruit Science, Humboldt-University Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 14195 B Array Crop performance and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogea), sesame (Sesamum indicum) and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) were investigated in an intercropping system with Acacia senegal and compared with sole cropping. The study was conducted in North Kordofan (Sudan) on loamy sand. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with split plots. Crop performance and crop yield of groundnut, sesame and roselle were significantly (p 0.05) reduced in the intercropping system compared to sole cropping. However, yield reduction in groundnut (53%) was much higher than in sesame (6%) and roselle (14%). The reduction in yield of the intercropping plots could be due to the high tree density, which results in water and light competition between the trees and the agricultural crops. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2004-11-01 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/57 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 105, No 2 (2004) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/2016 2018-06-20T09:03:31Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "160303 2016 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc The competitiveness of domestic rice production in East Africa: A domestic resource cost approach in Uganda Kikuchi, Masao Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan Haneishi, Yusuke Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Zambia Office, Lusaka, Zambia Maruyama, Atsushi Chiba University, Matsdo, Chiba, Japan Tokida, Kunihiro Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan Asea, Godfrey National Crops Resources Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda Tsuboi, Tatsushi Japan International Cooperation Agency, (JICA) Expert, Kitsuki, Oita, Japan / Uganda Array The rapid increase of rice imports in sub-Saharan Africa under the unstable situation in the world rice market during the 2000s has made it an important policy target for the countries in the region to increase self-sufficiency in rice in order to enhance food security. Whether domestic rice production can be competitive with imported rice is a serious question in East African countries that lie close, just across the Arabian Sea, to major rice exporting countries in South Asia. This study investigates the international competitiveness of domestic rice production in Uganda in terms of the domestic resource cost ratio. The results show that rainfed rice cultivation, which accounts for 95% of domestic rice production, does not have a comparative advantage with respect to rice imported from Pakistan, the largest supplier of imported rice to Uganda. However, the degree of non-competitiveness is not serious, and a high possibility exists for Uganda’s rainfed rice cultivation to become internationally competitive by improving yield levels by applying more modern inputs and enhancing labour productivity. Irrigated rice cultivation, though very limited in area, is competitive even under the present input-output structure when the cost of irrigation infrastructure is treated as a sunk cost. If the cost of installing irrigation infrastructure and its operation and maintenance is taken into account, the types of irrigation development that are economically feasible are not large-scale irrigation projects, but are small- and microscale projects for lowland rice cultivation and rain-water harvesting for upland rice cultivation. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2016-01-15 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2016010549566 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 117, No 1 (2016) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/307 2018-06-20T09:30:20Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "120113 2012 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Can commercialization of NTFPs alleviate poverty? A case study of Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Pierre ex Pax. kernel marketing in Cameroon Cosyns, Hannes Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Agronomy and Ethnobotany, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Degrande, Ann World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Yaoundé, Cameroon De Wulf, Robert Laboratory of Forest Management and Spatial Information Techniques (FORSIT), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Van Damme, Patrick Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Agronomy and Ethnobotany, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium / World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF-GRP 1), Nairobi, Kenya Tchoundjeu, Zac World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Yaound´e, Cameroon Array Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Pierre ex Pax. kernel (njansang) commercialization has been promoted by the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) in project villages in Cameroon with the aim to alleviate poverty for small-scale farmers. We evaluated to what extent development interventions improved the financial situation of households by comparing project and control households. The financial importance of njansang to household livelihoods between 2005 and 2010 was investigated through semi-structured questionnaires with retrospective questions, focus group discussions, interviews and wealth-ranking exercises. The importance of njansang increased strongly in the entire study region and the increase was significantly larger in project households. Moreover, absolute numbers of income from njansang commercialization as well as relative importance of njansang in total cash income, increased significantly more in project households (p 0.05). Although the lower wealth class households could increase their income through njansang trade, the upper wealth class households benefited more from the projects' interventions. Group sales as conducted in project villages did not lead to significantly higher prices and should be reconsidered. Hence, promotion of njansang had a positive effect on total cash income and can still be improved. The corporative actors for njansang commercialization are encouraged to adapt their strategies to ensure that also the lower wealth class households benefit from the conducted project interventions. In this respect, frequent project monitoring and impact analysis are important tools to accomplish this adaptation. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2012-01-13 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2011101139365 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 112, No 1 (2011) eng Copyright (c)

oai:jarts.info:article/5678 2025-01-15T11:38:46Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "241218 2024 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Assessment of the presence of antibiotic residues in meat from small-scale broiler farms in the Pwani region of Tanzania Gomez, Rogia Saidath Adeline Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7778-1966 Mandl, Isabella Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, 1040 Vienna, Austria Mbaga, Said Hemed Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania Array The unregulated use of veterinary drugs, particularly antibiotics, on Tanzanian broiler farms is widespread. Still, little attention has been paid to the factors that promote the presence of antibiotic residues in broiler meat. This study aimed to identify rearing practices likely to favour the presence of antibiotic residues and to determine the presence of residues of commonly used antibiotics in broiler meat. The length of the rearing period, poultry pathologies and the type of veterinary medicines used were studied on 78 farms in the Pwani region (Tanzania). The results showed that infectious coryza, coccidiosis, chronic respiratory diseases, salmonellosis and omphalitis were the most common diseases. Of the veterinary medicines used to treat these diseases, antibiotics were the most widely used (69%), mainly enrofloxacin (ENO), limoxin (LX), oxytetracycline (OTC), tylosin (TS) and tylodox (TDX). Eight farms were selected to take broiler meat samples for laboratory analysis of residues of these five antibiotics. These analyses revealed that all but one of the samples were negative. Samples taken from four-week-old birds tested positive for another antibiotic, sulfamethazine (SF), which was not initially one of the five antibiotics selected for this study. This study highlighted the significant use of veterinary drugs in response to various diseases. The absence of antibiotic residues can be attributed to the age of the animals sampled, as at over 5 weeks, they would have had time to eliminate the drugs. A rearing period of four weeks is insufficient and would be a factor favouring the presence of drug residues in broiler meat. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2024-09-30 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/2024121610770 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 125, No 2 (2024) eng Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s)

oai:jarts.info:article/3881 2021-12-31T15:56:33Z jarts:ART

nmb a2200000Iu 4500 "210920 2021 eng " 2363-6033 1612-9830 dc Tillage system and integrated soil fertility inputs improve smallholder farmers’ soil fertility and maize productivity in the Central Highlands of Kenya Otieno, Erick Oduor University of Embu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3832-0494 Ngetich, Felix Kipchirchir Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology (JOOUST), Department of Plant, Animal and Food Sciences (PAFS) Kiboi, Milka N. University of Embu Muriuki, Anne Kenya Agriculture and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO-NARL) Adamtey, Noah Njiru Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) Array We designed and implemented an on-farm trial in Meru South and Gatanga sub-counties to understand the effects of integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) technologies on soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and maize productivity. The technologies included combinations of mineral fertiliser and maize stover (CrMf); crop residue, Tithonia diversifolia and rock phosphate (CrTiP); crop residue, Tithonia diversifolia and goat manure (CrTiMan); crop residue, inorganic fertiliser and goat manure (CrMfMan); crop residue, goat manure and Dolichos lablab (CrManLeg), and sole inorganic fertiliser (Mf) executed under conventional (ConC) and minimum (MinTill) tillage methods. We interviewed the farmers who participated in implementing the trials at the end of the study to understand the likelihood to uptake the technologies. We observed that the technologies increased soil N, P, K, and maize productivity compared to ConC (the control). There was a high likelihood of uptake of high-performing ISFM technologies. We recommend CrTiP for the two sub-counties for the short-term. However, a long-term experiment is needed to evaluate performances of CrTiMan, CrTiP, CrMfMan, and CrManLeg under the two tillage methods for site-specific recommendations taking into consideration rainfall variations. German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics (DITSL GmbH) 2021-08-04 00:00:00 Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/view/202107134319 Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS); Vol 122, No 2 (2021) eng Copyright (c) 2021 Authors 29d1b11fda3472ae468ad846e6ef7670